COMPOSITION OF GYPSUM Types and source of gypsum types Properties of gypsum Gypsum as BUILDING MATERIAL RUBBER It can be classified in two parts: Types of Rubber : USES:- PROPERTIES GREEN MATERIAL / ECO FRIENDLY MATERIAL

1. PRESE NTED BY-
Ananya
Kartik
Laxmi
nisha
Gypsum
and
rubber

2. Gypsum
 Gypsum is a naturally occurring mineral
that is made up of calcium sulphate and
water
that is sometimes called hydrous
calcium sulphate.
 its solubility is 150 times that of
limestone, hence it is a natural source
of plant nutrients.
 Gypsum naturally occurs in
sedimentary deposits from ancient sea
beds.

3. Gypsum
 Gypsum is mined and made into many products
like drywall used in construction, agriculture and
industry.
 It is also a by-product of many industrial
processes.
 It is also a by-product of many industrial
processes.
 Gypsum is also used as a generic name for
many types of sheet products made of a non-
combustible core
with a paper surfacing that adds strength
 These include drywall, ceiling tiles, partitions, etc.
whose strength is directly related to its thickness
and a few trace materials.

4. COMPOSITION OF GYPSUM
Hydro – sulphate of Lime (CaSo4 + 2H2O) +
Silica (varying percentage) +
Carbonate of Lime +
Carbonate of Magnesia +
Iron Oxide.
CaSO4+2H2O + CaCO2 + MgCO2+ FeO2 gypsum

5. Types and source of gypsum
There are several types of naturally
occurring gypsum, and many industrial
processes also produce gypsum as a by-
product of their systems such as
phosphoric acid and citric acid
manufacture.
Drywall
Gypsum.
Phosphor
gypsum
Flue Gas
Desulphuri
zation
(FGD)
gypsum .
Mined
Gypsum

6. Mined gypsum
 Mined gypsum is found at various locations
around the world.
 In North America there are gypsum deposits
from Canada to Texas and in many Western
States.
 Chemically raw mined gypsum is primarily
calcium sulphate hydrated with water
molecules in its chemical structure.
 Other materials and chemicals in mined
gypsum may be small amounts of sand or
clay particles and a few trace elements. The
trace elements may be boron or iron to
arsenic and lead and varies with each
deposit.

7. Drywall gypsum
 Drywall or sheetrock consists of
gypsum with a thin paper backing.
 It may contain very small amounts of
other ingredients from impurities such
as calcium carbonate (CaCO3),
calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH),
portlandite, or quartz. Extremely small
amounts of iron, boron, manganese,
phosphorous, cobalt, copper, zinc, etc.

8. Properties of gypsum
CRYSTAL HABITS
BULK DENSITY
COMBUSTIBILITY
SOUND ABSORPTION
FIRE RESISTANCE
FINISH
STRENGTH
SHRINKAGE
TERMITE RESISTANT
ENERGY INPUT

9. Common uses of gypsum
 Ceiling tiles, paints, joint compound
 Claimed gypsum used as plaster
 Plaster of Paris and Plaster board
 Stucco additive
 Cement
 Filler and pigment uses
 Glassmaking
 Chemicals

10. Water treatment
Sludge drying for stability and odor
control
Cement production (reduces setting time)
Flea powder - Recycled gypsum makes
up over 90% of the inert ingredients in
flea powders.
Grease absorption
Athletic fields - Gypsum or recycled
gypsum is used to mark lines on sports
field.

11. Absorbents
 Absorbents - Gypsum is a better
absorbent than a typical clay absorbent
and due to its white colour, it is often
preferred by those facilities that clean up
all the absorbent after a spill, since it is
very visible when saturated with the
contaminate from the spill area.

12. Market for gypsum products
 General agriculture.
 Horticulture.
 Forestry and mine reclamation.

13.  City parks and recreation areas
 Residential lawns (sod)
 Golf courses
 Composting
 Manure management

14. Gypsum as BUILDING
MATERIAL
 Gypsum building materials are
used in all construction
types (residential, non-
residential, new or refurbished),
ranging from complex high-tech
systems to easy
to install products adapted for
use by the general public.

15.  More than 1,500 million m2 of
European interior surfaces are
covered every year with
plasterboards, blocks or plaster.

16. PLASTER BOARDS
 Plasterboard is used for partitions
and the lining of walls, ceilings,
roofs and floors.
 The properties of plasterboard
can be modified to meet specific
requirements, such as fire
resistance, humidity resistance,
shock resistance, etc.

17. Gypsum in interior

18. DECORATIVE
PLASTER Plaster powder, mixed with water, manually or
through the use of silo-supplied spray
 systems, are used to create an effective and
aesthetically-pleasing lining for brick
block walls, and for ceilings.
 Gypsum’s adaptability in application lends itself
to moulding and shaping. Since time immemorial,
Gypsum has been used by skilled craftsmen to
create decorative plaster mouldings.

20. Alabaster is a name applied to varieties of two
distinct minerals, when used as a
material: gypsum (a hydrous sulfate of calcium)
and calcite, carbonate of calcium, also known as
onyx-marble
Mainly used for stucco work

21. WHAT IS GYPSUM BOARD?
Gypsum board is the generic name for a
family of panel products that consist of a
noncombustible core, composed primarily of
gypsum, and a paper surfacing on the face,
back and long edges
All gypsum panel products contain gypsum
cores; however, they can be faced with a
variety of different materials, including paper
and fiberglass mats.
gypsum wall board creates a continuous
surface suitable for most types of interior
decoration.

24. Advantages of Gypsum Board
Construction
Gypsum board walls and ceilings have a
number of outstanding advantages:
Ease of installation
Fire resistance
Sound isolation
Durability
Economy
Versatility

25. Types of gypsum board
Textured
 plane
 perforated
According to finish
Tapered shape finish
 square shape finish

26.  a row of small holes are made in so
that a part may be torn off easily
Great system for acoustics
PERFORTED GYPSUM BOARDS

27. TEXTURED GYPSUM BOARD

28.  TAPERED EDGE BOARD :
 It gives an invisible joint, the gap between each board is filled
and finished in a way that a continuous and smooth surface is
obtained.

29. SQUARE EDGE BOARD :
 It gives a visible joint in which a surface joint strip is
used to make the joint invisible.

30. Gypsum fibreboard
 Gypsum fibreboard is used for
partitions and the lining of walls,
ceilings, roofs and floors. Standard
Gypsum fibreboard offers good
performance when it comes to shock
resistance, sound insulation and
humidity resistance.

32. RUBBER
• rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which is
milky, emulsion in the sap of several varieties of plant.
• produced from a milky liquid called LATEX.
•It is also known as ELASTOMER

33. Rubber tree(extraction of
milk)

34. It can be classified in two parts:
1.natural rubber
2.synthetic rubber

35. Synthetic rubber, invariably a polymer, is any type
of artificial elastomer mainly synthesised from petroleum
byproducts.
Synthetic rubber
Natural rubber
Natural rubber is obtained from the milky secretion (latex)
of various plants, but the only important commercial source
of natural rubber (sometimes called Para rubber) is the
tree Heve brasilien.

36. Types of Rubber :
Hard Soft foam
Spongy

37. Soft rubber is used in application such as automobile tyres, tubes, air hose for
water, steam and air, overshoes, raincoats, floor tiles and mats, hot water bottles,
erasers etc.Industial uses include protective lining in tanks and pumps, rubber
belting, seals, closure.
Hard rubber is used in electrical insulating parts, chemically resistant pipes and
equipments and similar materials.
Foam rubber is made by incorporating gas into latex followed by vulcanization.
Many products are made from this material including toys, pillows ,furniture,
mattresses etc.
Sponge rubber is produced from dry natural or synthetic rubber into which a
blowing agent such as sodium bicarbonate and fatty acid are injected. it is used in
sealing, heat insulating, cushioning and shock absorption
USES:-

38. PROPERTIES
 Elasticity
 Flexibility
 Solubility
 Abrasion Resistance
 Insulate electricity
 Acid and alkaline resistance
 Water proof / repellence
 Poor conductor of heat and elecricity

39. GREEN MATERIAL / ECO FRIENDLY
MATERIAL
Rubber is produced naturaly which is a green material and
can be recycled.
Importance of recycled rubber
 Reclaming and recycled rubber uses less energy than
produced by a new one.
 It reduces the demand of new natural rubber which may
keep rubber tree plantation from expanding into sensitive
tropical ecosystem.

40. Uses in :
 Flooring
 Bridge construction
 Expansion joints
 Windows
 Pipes
 Roofing
 Sound insulation

41. Sound absorber Windows, doors & glazing
Cladding
Electrical cable & components
Bridge bearings
Geomembranes & geotextiles
Road construction
Artificial sports surfaces
Seals & gaskets
Belting
Emulsion paints

42. R ‘
U
B
B
E
R
P
R
O
D
U
C
T
S

45. In the construction industry, thermoplastic rubber is used for weather stripping
windows and doors.
 Thermoplastic rubber is highly recommended as glazing gaskets for its ability to
last long in harsh climate and extreme hot and cold temperatures.
When glazing gaskets are exposed to the natural elements, there is that danger of
it shrinking and deteriorating after a few years.
Designers and engineers often prefer specifying top quality materials such as
thermoplastic rubber to make sure the glazing gaskets will be able to withstand
thermal pressure.
RUBBER AS GLAZING GASKETS
The inside portion of the building also benefits from thermoplastic
glazing gaskets as the air quality is kept intact, particularly when air
conditioning or heating is used inside the room.

46. supplied as a double extrusion: tear it in
half before installation.
Using a putty knife or scraper, press the
gap gasket into the gap between the
window frame and the rough opening.

47. RUBBER SHEET-
1) Made of recycled rubber
2) Specifications: 1,200 x 1,800 x
16 / 20mm
3) Widely used to pave the
floors of stables

48. RUBBER MOULDS
One great use for rubber is the creation of moulds. As rubber is made
by turning a liquid into a solid via the vulcanization process, it can be
used to make a flexible mold, or injected into a mold to make a solid
shape

49. RUBBER EMULSION PAINT
Paint, the vehicle of which consists of rubber or
synthetic rubber dispersed in fine droplets in water.

50. RUBBER FLOORING
It is produced with synthetic rubber
mix with pigment, resins,
filler(curing material)
Thickness =3/6 inch(3 to 4 mm)
Tile -- 1 foot.
 It is expensive , excellent flooring.
 Used in public buildings.

51. companies in india manufacturing rubber building products
 kiran rubber industries pvt. ltd
Atlantic polymer pvt.ltd
Fairmont plymer pvt.ltd
Sunflexindia.co.in
Glenrock rubber products pvt.ltd
Kesaria Rubber Industries Pvt. Ltd.

52. HOUSEHOLD USES:-