2. THESIS The United States Marines are perhaps one of the most recognized fighting forces in the military. They have earned this reputation through a long history of heroic combat. Today they are known as a key factor in protecting the country from its many enemies. They lead the fight in modern day conflicts with a superior arsenal contrary to that of any other country.
3. PRESENTATION OVERVIEW Thesis Relevance Marine definition Origins First major war Second world war Vietnam Marines Modern Marines Boot camp now Requirements to pass boot camp Dangers in Iraq and Afghanistan Amazing story of heroism Conclusion Application Class activity
4. PERSONAL RELEVANCE This topic is relevant to me, because I have always had a strong interest in the military and have wanted to join the USMC (United States Marine Corps) since I was 13 years old.
5. AUDIENCE RELEVANCE Why should you care about the Marine Corps? Would you rather say the pledge of allegiance to a Japanese flag or a Nazi flag?
6. THE MARINE The word “Marine” comes from many languages all meaning from the sea.
7. ORIGINS The United States Marines can trace their origins back to the British Royal Marines.
8. ORIGINS CONT’D The first documented armies to use marines were the Greeks and the Romans.
9. BIRTHDAY OF THE USMC(United States Marine Corps) The birthday of the Marine Corps is November 10, 1775.
10. THE FAMOUS TAVERN The birth of the Marines or Continental Marines as they were called back then, happened in a popular Philadelphian inn called Tun Tavern.
11. THE COMMANDANT OF THE USMC The commandant of the USMC is the highest rank one in the Marine Corps can reach. This rank puts the person in charge of all the forces in the Marine corp.
13. EARLY BATTLES 1776, March - The Marines land on New Providence Island in the Bahamas. In 13 days of their raid they take 2 forts, occupy Nassau, take control of the Government House, seize 88 guns, 16,535 shells and other supplies. On their trip back home they encounter a British ship and engage it with muskets and a cannon on board the ship. 1776, December – The marines help out Washington's Army in the second battle of Trenton. This is the first recorded battle in which Marines and the Army worked together. 1778, January – The Marines sail down the Mississippi river and take New Orleans to keep British trade out. This did not settle well with the British and many years later ensued the battle for New Orleans. 1778, April- A marine detachment makes two raids on British soil (The first in 700 years). 1783, January - Marines board and take over the British ship named Baille in the West Indies (www.acidus.com/marines.html)
14. APART, BUT NOT FOR LONG… After a long war for independence against the British, the treaty of Paris was signed in 1783 officially ending the Revolutionary war. Ships became useless in a time of no war and were sold as lumber and other resources No ships, no Navy, no Marines.
15. BACK IN ACTION After many debates and discussions about the defense of the country against future conflicts, the Marines were re-established on July 11, 1798.
16. BUILDING A FIGHTING LEGACY During the Mexican War the Marines took enemy seaports on both the Gulf and Pacific coasts. While marines were taking enemy seaports in Mexico, a battalion of Marines joined General Winfield Scott’s army at a town called Pueblo and marched and fought all the way to the "Halls of Montezuma," Mexico City.
17. MARINE’S ANTHEM From the Halls of MontezumaTo the Shores of Tripoli;We fight our country's battlesIn the air, on land and sea;First to fight for right and freedom And to keep our honor clean; We are proud to claim the title of United States Marine. Our flag's unfurled to every breezeFrom dawn to setting sun;We have fought in ev'ry clime and placeWhere we could take a gun;In the snow of far-off Northern landsAnd in sunny tropic scenes; You will find us always on the job--The United States Marines. Here's health to you and to our CorpsWhich we are proud to serve In many a strife we've fought for life And never lost our nerve;If the Army and the NavyEver look on Heaven's scenes; They will find the streets are guarded By United States Marines.
18. CIVIL WAR MARINES Most marine service during the civil war was minimum and restricted to only the navy.
19. WORLD WAR I MARINES During the trench warfare of WWI, the marines earned their reputation for excellent marksmanship and being able to turn the tide of battle with their arrival on the trenches.
26. “AN ISLAND FOR THE INSANE” Paris island is where the marines have gone to train since they became a military force and still serves as their training ground for making some of the finest warriors in history.
27. AT THE QUARANTINE STATION “At first, the new arrival is sent to the Quarantine Station and provided with a bed, bedding, pajamas and towel. He has nothing to do for the first few days except to eat, sleep and answer innumerable calls at the demand of the examining surgeon.”
28. THE MANEUVER GROUNDS “At this camp recruits are furnished with rifles and additional equipment. There are hours devoted to the handling of the rifle and its various movements, known as the manual of arms".
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30. THE TRAINING CAMP “The recruits, much to their pleasure, traded the tents & cots of the Maneuver Grounds for newly constructed wooden barracks and real beds with mattresses.”
31. THE RIFLE RANGE Before stepping into the range, a recruit had to know 3 things…1) How to set the sight; 2) How to sight or aim; 3) How to hold the rifle in all positions and the general principal for all shooting, such as squeezing the trigger, not canting the rifle.
32. IMPORTANT RANGE RULES “When on the range the bolts of all rifles must be drawn fully back and the chambers kept open at all times when the firer is not at the firing point, and the rifle must not be loaded until immediately before it is to be fired.”
33. JOE RENDINELL'S FIRST DAY OF REAL FIRING We started shooting at 200 yds slow firing, the first day. Back to 300 yds. The next day rapid firing at 200-300-500 yards & slow firing at 600 yards.
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35. PRACTICE MAKES PERFECT “We got our instructions & down we went to 200 yards. Qualified. 300 yds, same. 500-600 yards, same. At 1000 yards I missed one and got nine bull's eyes & qualified as a sharp-shooter, 251 out of 300 points. I sure was one happy boy. That meant three dollars more a month.”
37. WORLD WAR II MARINES The Marines, along with navy, were assigned to fight the Japanese in the pacific islands using a tactic called “island hopping”.
49. THE WAR DOG PLATOONS The men learned to depend on their dogs and to trust their dogs' instincts with their lives. These dogs and their Marines developed a bond on the battle field that could only be broken by death.
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52. BATTLE OF IWO JIMA The United States victory in this massive hard fought battle over the Japanese defenders, was a history making moment for the Marine Corps.
72. MODERN MARINES Today’s Marines remain the toughest warriors that a country can produce through a very physically and mentally demanding tests that make them the best soldiers.
75. AMAZING STORY OF HEROISM He was shot 7 times by AK-47 fire and suffered over 43 pieces of hot shrapnel from a grenade while using his own body to shield a younger marine who was wounded.
76. WORKS CITED My Personal List Sorted by Call Number / Author 331.702 ROZ Roza, Greg. Choosing a career in the military. 1st ed. New York : Rosen Pub. Group, 2001.Explains what a person in the military does and how to decide whether to become one; also includes a glossary, a bibliography, and a list of related organizations. 355.8 ITA Italia, Bob, 1955-. Weapons of war. Edina, MN : Abdo/Rockbottom, c1991.Describes weapons currently used by the United States military forces, focusing on those used in the Persian Gulf War. 355.8 MIL The illustrated directory of modern American weapons. St. Paul, MN : MBI Pub. Co., 2002.Lists over one hundred sixty conventional weapons of the United States including combat and support aircraft, air-to-air and air-to-surface missiles, surface warships, air defense systems, and small arms ordinance and features over three hundred illustrated photographs. 356 MCM McManners, Hugh. Ultimate special forces. New York : Dorling Kindersley, 2003.An illustrated guide to special forces units throughout history and the world, including missions, personnel, training, equipment and scenarios. 356.167 BOH Bohrer, David, 1965-. America's special forces. St. Paul, MN : MBI Pub. Co., 2002.Photographs and text provide details on the rigorous training, complex missions, and state-of-the-art equipment that comprise the American special operator experience. 616.85 THO Thomas, Peggy, 1960-. Post traumatic stress disorder. Farmington Hills, MI : Lucent Books, c2008.Introduction : bad memories -- Wounds of war -- Everybody gets stressed -- Society under stress -- Treating PTSD -- PTSD on the frontline -- The future of PTSD. 956.7044 RAT America at war : the battle for Iraq : a view from the front lines. New York : Simon & Schuster, c2003.Dan Rather and other reporters from CBS News provide a unique historical record of military conflict from the vantage point of the soldiers on the frontlines of combat; includes a DVD with original footage and news reports from the CBS News Archives. R 355.09 DUP Dupuy, R. Ernest (Richard Ernest), 1887-1975. The encyclopedia of military history from 3500 B.C. to the present. Rev. ed. New York : Harper & Row, c1977. R 623.4 PUR Purnell's illustrated encyclopedia of modern weapons and warfare. London : Phoebus Pub. Co., 1967-1978.
77. Websites: www.marines.com/ - this website is the official website of the marines and it tells almost everything on the marines. It tells the history, weaponry, jobs as a marine, what it takes to be one and what benefits come with being a part of America’s greatest military force. officer.marines.com/ this website tells basically the same thing but this one tells it for the men interested in being officers, for them the benefits and jobs require more responsibility, maturity and more education in order to lead marines. www.mcnews.info/mcnewsinfo/marines/gouge/ this website tells marines news and keeps the reader up to date in ongoing operations in Afghanistan and Iraq. Although it does not give the whole American military play book for security reasons, it tells enough so people may be informed of what is happening www.military.com/Community/.../0,14700,MARINE,00.html - this website lets the community be involved and gives nurses an opportunity to be involved with the marines forces because it offers jobs in the medical field with the marine corp. Gives them a opportunity to help out without ever being in the line of fire. http://www.marines.mil/Pages/Default.aspx – this website gives a detailed definition of what a marine is and where they draw their origins from. It tells what marines forces all the around the world and in the U.S have developed into a fierce fighting force. This website talks in detail about the Marine force of every country in detail and is very helpful to my research
78. Sources: Works Cited SHEILA RULE, Special to the New York Times "ON THE OUTSKIRTS OF CAP TOWN, A FALLEN YOUTH IS MOURNED, AND ANGER RISES." New York Times 15 Sept. 1985: 18. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 13 Nov. 2009 Works Cited "4 Marines compete in Hawaii's Ironman." Air Force Times 70.17 (2009): 3. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 13 Nov. 2009. Works Cited PAUL D., EATON, ADVISOR SENIOR, and NETWORK NATIONAL SECURITY "U.S. STRATEGY IN IRAQ AND AFGHANISTAN." FDCH Congressional Testimony (n.d.): MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 13 Nov. 2009. Works Cited "Shipping over." Navy Times 59.6 (2009): 3. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 13 Nov. 20 Works Cited "U.S. death toll." USA Todayn.d.: MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 13 Nov. 2009. Works Cited ALISSA J., RUBIN "Military Divers Find Body of Missing American Soldier in Afghanistan." New York Times 12 Nov. 2009: 12. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 13 Nov. 2009. Works Cited DEXTER, FILKINS "Afghan and U.S. Forces Find a Vast Cache of Bomb-Making Materials." New York Times 11 Nov. 2009: 6. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 13 Nov. 2009. Works Cited FILKINS, DEXTER "For Taliban Fighters, A Fading Memorial." New York Times 10 Nov. 2009: 14. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 13 Nov. 2009.
Editor's Notes
I grew up watching war movies and seeing the amazing stories of heroism they had to offer and how honorable it is to be a service member. (Family military history)
If there was no Marine Corps to fight the Japanese, Japan would have extended its empire further into the United States. In the first six months of the war where they went uncontested by any forces that stood in their way, they managed to start landing forces in Alaska. Imagine where they would have gone next. Perhaps none of us would be here today if there was no Marine Corps. The Army could have not fought the enemy on two fronts and won.
Overtime the Marines have become their own military elite force and have begun separating themselves from the navy to become a separate infantry/air/sea fighting force. This is because the Marines originally were an infantry department of the navy.They are considered “The tip of the spear” because they have led and still lead the fight in many conflicts.They have become so effective as a fighting force that now almost every country has their own elite force resembling the Marines.(http://www.marines.mil/Pages/Default.aspx)
Today the U.S marines and the British Royal Marines fight side by side and occasionally exchange officers for a short amount of time to keep close ties.The symbol has no shield because marines are mostly know for being the first in and leading the fight. They don’t normally stay back in the lines and defend. They are always advancing. They were an infantry force of the navy that over time evolved into a ground assault force that was still part of the navyThe USMC emblem was modeled similar to that of the British Royal Marines.Neither symbol displays a shield signifying defense like other forces do, because the Marines are primarily a offensive force. (http://www.acidus.com/marines.html)
when Greece was under threat of invasion form the Persians, Themistocles, the Athenian leader issued a decree to enlist twenty marines per ship to beat back a Persian attack. This was one of the first recorded uses of marinesRome also had many "Milites Classiarri" or "soldiers of the fleet” which were the Roman version of the marine and they boarded the enemy ship and fought hand to hand against the enemy on the other ship.Marines have been around as a military class since ancient times beginning with the Greeks and Romans(http://www.acidus.com/marines.html)
After many failed attempts to make peace with the British after there was still hostilities, the threat of more engagements with the British became eminent and A resolution to create a new military unit was called into effect and thus the Continental Marines were created.The unit was created as a result of many failed attempts for peace between the colonies and the crown. (http://www.acidus.com/marines.html)
This new created military unit was later approved by the entire legislative body. The owner of the tavern, Robert Mullan, was named a Marine Captain because of his contribution to create this new unit. The owner of another tavern, Samuel Nicholas, was designated commandant of the Continental Marines also because of strong support and sponsorship for the Marines. (www.acidus.com/marines.html)
The first commandant of the Marine Corps was Samuel Nicholas who contributed a lot to the creation of the Marine Corps like funding and votes in government and even opened his tavern for use as a base of operations.The commandant is the highest rank and the marines and this man is in charge of all the marine forces. The current commandant of the U.S marine corps is General James T. Conway who served in Vietnam was a field officer during operations in Iraq in the 1990’s and is currently in charge of Marine troops in Afghanistan and Iraq. (www.acidus.com/marines.html)
Here are some of the ranks of the Marine Corps and their symbol. The left hand side ranks are the enlisted ranks which are the ranks a person that signed on for the marines and did not go to college is eligible for. The ranks on the right hand side are the ranks that a person that went to college and graduated, or either went to college under some military program like ROTC is eligible for. Programs like ROTC are great because they allow for your college to be paid for by the Marine Corps and allow you to enter the Marines as an officer.
The marines had to keep the British out of New Orleans because they were a threat to the U.S since there was still hostility and minor engagements as a result of the Revolutionary war. The marines had to keep the British traders that were going into New Orleans to trade with the natives out because the British represented a significant threat inside or close to U.S soil. Taking New Orleans caused many engagements with the natives but they ended up being beaten back and the ports of New Orleans became closed to the British.-Up until the two raids of April 1778, no opposing force had set foot on British soil for 700 years.
The Treaty of Paris brought the Revolutionary and the need for the ships that and navy that fought against the British were no longer needed. A monetary basis needed to started because a lot of money had gone into the war. It was because of this that the ships that had fought against the British were sold and therefore the Navy was disbanded. Since at the time the marines were a part of the navy and they fought on ships, they too disbanded and for a short amount of time there was no more Marine Corp. The only military branch in the U.S at this time was the Army but it was weakened from the war. (www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usmc/history.htm)
The U.S Marines had been gone for 15 years and finally they were brought back after many meeting and conclusions that they were a very strong unit to have fighting alongside the navy and that had potential of being good fighters on the ground. They were brought back and from there kicked off their return with a series of many battles that proved just how effective they were in taking the Bahamas, fighting against France, fighting in Santo Domingo and defeating Barbary pirates along the "Shores of Tripoli." (which was later incorporated into their anthem. (www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usmc/history.htm)
From looking at this battles that they participated in, we can see that the marines slowly without realizing were building up their reputation to become their own unit. This was still a little far away because they were still part of the navy but slowly they were showing the world that they would soon be ready to detach from the navy and become their own branch. During the battle for New Orleans, they kicked out British traders from NO because even now the relationship between both countries wasn’t the best it could be. During the war of 1812 the marines played a vital role in many battles like kicking the British out of New OrleansThey also defended areas like the Caribbean, the Falkland Islands, Sumatra and off the coast of West Africa, and fought against the Seminole Indians in Florida.(www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usmc/history.htm)During the Mexican war, the U.S attacked Mexico as a result of the battle of the Alamo in which the Mexican army invaded Texas( which was not a state yet but wanted to so Mexico wouldn’t attack) and slaughtered all the Texans in there. The U.S retaliated after admitting Texas as a state and invaded Mexico.The U.S ended up making it all the way to the capital and at the head of the fight, the marines were leading the battle.
This is the anthem of the U.S Marine corps which gives tribute to them and honors them for what they have done. Every time the song is played around marines, you can see their silence and respect as they stand in honor for all those who have died for the Corp and for their country. Unfortunately no one knows exactly who wrote the song. Records show that the hymn has been around since the 1800s. A young Col. named A.S. McLemore, USMC, spent several years trying to identify the origin of the the hymn but was unsuccessful in finding the origin of it, yet it has stayed around the Corp for many ears and until this day remains unchanged.(members.tripod.com/scout_sniper1/id17.html )
During the civil war, marine service was not seen as much. They could only be found fighting on navy ships in blockades. (Iron clads on confederacy) They were not seen as much because during this time the nation was split in half and the marines fight for the nation, but since the nation was split apart they had no one to fight for. Most marines served with the navy in blockading confederate ports in Cape Hatteras, New Orleans, Charleston and Fort Fisher.One battalion did fight on land at the battle of bull run but was beaten back in a confederate victory because of a stressed out over pressured by congress commanding officer.www.globalsecurity.org/military/agency/usmc/history.htm
During the the trench warfare of WWI the marines were called into service to fight on land because the army was having a a hard time breaking through to the German lines. During this time charging and standing in lines to fire at each other had become useless because of the invention of the automatic machine gun which could spray a lot of bullets. Soldiers now had what was called “No man’s land” which could only be crossed when the enemy was fully destroyed and even then the risk of mines was still present. The Germans soon became afraid of the marines when they began to be cut down from very far away with rifles that were not too top of the line by these young men named marines who were very deadly. It was there that the Germans named them devil dogs and the name has stuck ever since.It was in the trenches that the marines killed many Germans using the Springfield rifle which amazingly only had iron sights but in marine hands it was very deadly.They soon earned their name Teufel Hunden, which in German means devil dog for their accuracy and effectiveness in battle.www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/wwi.html -
This was the kind of posters that were used to get people angry and wanting to join. People did not have news and the internet back then to truly see what the enemy looked like and what they did so exaggerated posters were used to get people involved. One crazy story used to get people to fight was that German soldiers were going into battle with babies on the bayonets from countries they controlled.
Weaponry in WWI was just starting to become very efficient and was in the development stages of becoming very deadly and more modern like. Now people could no longer do bayonet charges or charges of any sort because the machine gun had been invented and this thing could mow down lines of people as opposed to the single shot bolt action rifles that were being used by the individual soldiers as you see on the left.
Up until WWI, the training was not as rigorous as it has become in order to train recruits into marines.The training and tactics that were used to train the marines, were very inhumane to the fresh recruits that later a marine called it “an island for the insane” in his journal account of his first day there.http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/wwi.html
It should be understood that Marine Corps recruits are not given their final examination nor acceptance for service until they reach the training station. This has proved to be the better plan, as it gives the surgeon and officer in charge an opportunity to look most thoroughly into the physical, mental and moral fitness of the men, and eliminate undesirables before they begin training”. The Recruiters' Bulletin, Oct. 1917. http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow
. The recruit speedily learns the difference between a "floorplate" and a "stacking swivel" and that it is important to keep the bore of the rifle clean. To accomplish this, Marines use a "pull-through"~a stout cord & piece of cloth that is drawn through the barrel from breech to muzzle. Some recruits, in their enthusiasm to brighten the rifle-bore, attempt to pull through too much rag. The results are a "jam," the requi-sitioning of a ramrod & other dif-ficulties. Another unpleasant feature of this predicament is the sarcastic advice of the sergeant: "Next time you try to pull your overcoat through, take off the buttons." At this camp the recruit learns, through practice marches into the surrounding country, how to pitch & strike sheltertents, roll & unroll equipment, build fires, cook, & the graceful stunt of balancing a baked potato, onion, slice of meat, & several slices of bread on the cover of his messkit without dropping a thing... a necessary part of the sea-soldier's training”. Recruiters' Bulletin, October 1917 MAJOR COYLE
At the Training Camp, sometimes designated the "Canton- ment Camp," the recruits, much to their pleasure, traded the tents & cots of the Maneuver Grounds for newly constructed wooden barracks and real beds with mattresses.For an initial period of from several days to a couple of weeks, the recruits worked at perfecting their drills, learned extended order and interior guard, and were taught basic skills in boxing and wrestling. Soon, however, though they continued to reside at the Training Camp, the recruits began daily marches to the Rifle Range.http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/range.html
At the rifle range, recruits went to learn how to properly use a rifle and a side arm in order to be effective in combatBefore stepping into the range, a recruit had to know 3 things…1) How to set the sight; 2) How to sight or aim; 3) How to hold the rifle in all positions and the general principal for all shooting, such as squeezing the trigger, not canting the rifle.This part of camp was pass or fail because a recruit had to show his officer that they understood the principles of shooting.U.S. Marine Corps Score Book, 1916http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/range.html
"Important Range Rules" should be read to the assembled coaches, scorers and firing party before they fall out of ranks. ~When on the range the bolts of all rifles must be drawn fully back and the chambers kept open at all times when the firer is not at the firing point, and the rifle must not be loaded until immediately before it is to be fired. ~Blacken your sights. ~Have your rifle clean. ~Have pencil and score book. ~Study the diagram target in the score book before shooting at each range. ~Ask an experienced shot what windage to start with. ~Tell scorer your name and initials and watch him write it. ~Do not snap behind the line. If you wish to snap at target get fully abreast of the firers. You are welcome on uncrowded firing lines, except in matches. ~Keep rifle unloaded when not on firing line. ~Keep your ammunition clean and in the shade. ~Keep muzzle to the front whether loaded or not. ~Squeeze the trigger and get each shot off without a jerk. ~Try to maintain aim during firing. This will cure flinching. ~Call each shot aloud at once. If you have no coach, call it aloud to yourself. ~Pay strict attention to the scorer when he announces your name and value of your shot. ~When your score is finished, examine your score and total on the score board. ~When you leave the range go at once to the cleaning rack. U.S. Marine Corps Score Book, 1916 http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/range.html
“....Then the first day of real firing. Each recruit had a coach. We started shooting at 200 yds slow firing, the first day. My first shot I missed the target completely. The coach sat on my back & said "Squeeze that trigger, don't pull it. Keep your eyes open, too. Now fire." I did better. Back to 300 yds, a little better still, for I was getting to know my gun. That was all for one day. The next day rapid firing at 200~300~500 yards & slow firing at 600 yards. We had two weeks of steady firing on the range every day”. J.E. Rendinell, One Man's War.http://www.scuttlebuttsmallchow.com/range.html
Marines in WWI got their reputation because of many hours of practice on the range as part of getting the troops battle ready as fast as possible.They were such good shooters that some of them even shot record breaking shots and qualified as sharp shootersearly August 1917 JOE RENDINELL, One Man's War
Boot camp for the Marines in WWII pretty much remained the same as WWI boot camp except for changes to the exercises done on the firing range because of new weapons that were introduced to that era.Same kind of exercises were conducted where firing and marksmanship we essential.One thing that became enforced in boot camp was also physical fitness and psychological training of the mind to deal with the stresses of war.Example: screaming at the recruits right in their faces and harassing them verbally and with punishments like extra running or cleaning up something. http://www.worldwar-2.net/
Starting at the entrance of the United States in WWII the war was fought on 2 fronts, the Pacific( Japan and surrounding islands) and the Atlantic( Europe and Africa)http://www.worldwar-2.net/
WWII propaganda was the same as in world war one except for the fact that this time the war became more patriotic because everyone was angry because of the attacks on pearl harbor therefore everywhere you walked, there was a poster either urging you to join the marines or the army. You couldn’t walk a treet without seeing a poster that depicted the marine kicking butt in Japan and that told how glorious and how well the war was going. Posters like this made you want to be like the marine depicted on this picture.
As you know resources were greatly needed during the war and things like metal and other resources became extremely valuable in the collecting war at home and the war in Japan. Places like lipstick factories became shell factories where they made bullet shells. In this posters they are implying that the metal that people are collecting at home helps make the machine guns and the planes fighting the war
Like I said before people were all about saving resources for the war and this poster says to join a car sharing club. Basically saying to save gas and car pull so the fuel could be used in the war. People were so serious about saving gas that if you were caught driving alone and driving somewhere that was not important, you could run the risk of being fined.
This famous image which was a picture taken during the battle of Iwo Jima became the iconic symbol for the marine corps and rallied many people to come together and give “Bonds” to the war which were loans of money to the government to finance the war and then would be paid back later at the war’s end.
There was also famous people that contributed to the war effort like actors which starred in movies that showed the war and gave people a perspective of the war. Actors like John Wayne became famous for roles in movies that depicted the marines in battle, his most famous one being “Sand of Iwo Jima”
Shortly after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the Japanese invade the Small island of Guam which was a base for the Marines and Navy personnel. Soon after, the battle to take the island back began and the war dog platoons were created.These dogs were specially trained to search out the enemy hiding in the bush, detect mines and booby traps, alert troops in foxholes at night to approaching Japanese, and to carry messages, ammunition and medical supplies.Most of the young Marines who were assigned to the war dog program never owned a dog in their lives, and some were even afraid of them.But they were expected to take the program seriously and be able to get along with their dog.The battle of Guam lasted a few weeks, until August 10, 1944, when the island was finally declared secured.In those weeks Marine and Navy casualties exceeded 7,000, And 18,500 Japanese were killed. Another 8,000 Japanese stayed hidden in the jungle refusing to surrender.During this battle, 25 of the dogs were killed in action.http://worldwar2history.info/Marines/dogs.html
The battle took place on February 19, 1945The island of Iwo Jima in Japan was a major objective for the U.S Marine Corps not only because it put them one step closer toward main land Japan but because it showed the Japanese the strength and will that the Marines had to fight. The battle was fought on the volcanic island of Iwo Jima which to the Marines’ surprise did not have beautiful tan sand like other beaches do. This battle was fought on an island that had soggy wet black ashy sand. It was some of the most intense fighting of the whole war in the pacific.First the beach was pounded by navy artillery and air force air strikes. No other landmass had ever received that much ordinance by U.S forces. The then marines made their way to the beaches of Iwo on little transport boats called alligators and landed on the beach.Once on the beach the received fire from every possible corner of the island because the Japanese had dug trenches and caves and foxholes all over the island but the biggest amount of fire came from the 545ft dead volcano which was called mount Suribachi which had many tunnels with machine gun nests and artillery firing down on the marines. Ultimately the battle ended up being a Marine victory and was marked by the famous flag raising on Mt. Suribachi. The victory came at a great cost for both sides. It took many Marine casualties to take the island and Mt. Suribachi. And many of the Japanese that still remained behind all mostly committed suicide. Of the more than 18,000 Japanese soldiers present at the beginning of the battle, only 216 were taken prisoner.http://www.iwojima.com/battle/battlec.htm
This famous picture taken by Joe Rosenthal of 5 Marines and one Navy Corp man raising the flag on top of Mt. Suribachi on Iwo Jima marked a major victory against the Japanese and forever became an icon of valor and victory in the USMC. This pictures serves to represent the Marines in statues and all other kinds of places even today and for many years to come. This picture has sealed it self into history as the enduring symbol of the valor of the Marine Corps. This picture though very well done is actually a second picture taken. The first one was taken but a marine officer saw the flag and had them take it down because he wanted the flag because it had become the symbol of victory. Later a few marines went up with a second flag and recreated the moment, creating one of the most enduring photos in Marine history. http://www.iwojima.com/raising/raisingb.htm
This is the M1 Garand rifle which was standard issued rifle much like the standard m16s of today. (explain reloading and loading).
M1 carbine also like the standard issued M1 Garand except this rifle had a higher rate capability with more ammo and more fire rate. (Small recoil)
This is the Thompson machine gun and it was fully automatic and could deliver 30 rounds very quickly if the whole clip was emptied and the gun could be kept still from the recoil of the gun. Explain the change in the clip from the 20s and 30s to the 40s from when the gangsters used it.
This is the BAR automatic machine gun rifle and it could deliver a punch if it could be kept steady. This rifle was more for a heavy machine gunner and was responsible for taking down waves of charging Japanese during Banzai attacks.
And finally you have your standard issue secondary side arm, the M19 semi automatic pistol which just about every marine carried with them and was very reliable when in a fight and you ran out of ammo
And finally the Mk11 grenade which was issued to every marine. Each marine got 2 of this grenades. This grenade was very deadly because of the high explosive radius and the fact that it shot hot deadly shrapnel in every direction. The grenade became known as the Pineapple grenade because of its shape and appearance
During the Vietnam the united states was only there as an advisory force to aid and give advice to the people of south Vietnam in order to help them in their struggle to resist the communist north Vietnamese. Soon in an already downhill situation, the U.S Marines were dragged into a conflict in which they would take some of the heaviest and most dramatic loses than ever before. During the war marines did routine patrols through the jungles and set up bases around the towns and on the outskirts. The marines had many vicious fights with an enemy using similar tactics as the Japanese had done in WWII. They would ambush the marines with heavy firepower like AK-47s and RPGs(rocket propelled grenades). Marines had a new type of transportation to get them in and out of the battlefield during this war. The helicopter had been experimented with during the 1950’s for the Korean and had been used as a way to evacuate people out of the battlefield fast but later on the Marines experimented with putting machine guns on the helicopter and found out that it quickly became feared as soon as the sound of the propellers was heard. http://vietnam.northfork.net/usmc_in_vietnam.htm
There was also danger of traps that the enemy would leave behind when they retreated. Marines came to know them as booby traps. This traps ranged from mines to bamboo spikes being stuck in a hole that was concealed. Some of the traps were very grisly and took many marines out of the action because of very brutal wounds.
Some of the requirements to graduate boot camp are at least 3 quality pull ups, 40 sit-ups in 2 minutes and 3 miles in under 28 minutes. This are minimum requirements for say people who arrive over weight. They are immediately put on a “diet tray” which basically means what its called. Basically if you go in there overweight, you can count on losing it and if you there underweight they put you on double rations to bulk you up.www.marines.com
Today the USMC are fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan. After the tragedies of 9/11, the USMC along with the authorization of the president, launched a war on terror and took the fight right to the source. They have the job of protecting the rights and freedoms of the people in against Iraqi insurgents and and the Taliban in Afghanistan. They have won many battles and have managed to run Saddam out of power. Although they have sustained heavy loses in this massive war on terror, they will not stop and continue to fight day and night hunting for Osama who remains at large and will continue to terrorize the people with the Taliban at his disposal. www.marines.com/ -
Unlike many adversaries they faced before, today the marines are fighting much more different enemy. This enemy does not wear a uniform and could be anywhere. They are driven by a strong belief in their religion and are ready to die for and take anyone with them for it. They follow no rules to war, they give no trial to prisoners and kill many marines without the marines ever seeing them. In Iraq you have “insurgents” who are soldiers from the Iraqi army that are still loyal to saddam and still believe and purging the infidel from the holy land. This are men who have stripped themselves of their military uniforms and have traded them for civilian clothes. They are mostly members of AL QUADA and other men who’s families are probably victims of collateral damage of the war. They use weapons that are very brutal along with brutal tactics and if a U.S Marine is captured, they are beheaded on camera for the world to see. Their tactic is mostly shot and run because they know they cannot stand up to the superior fire power the marines carry. They do however have a weapon that marines hate hearing the name of and that is the IED( improvised explosive device) which are used a lot by Taliban in Afghanistan who also are a terrorist group that use similar tactics and fit the same description.
To show the bravery of marines I have shown to tell you the story of Marine Sgt. Maj. Bradley A. Kasal who during the fight in Fallujah, Iraq saved a bunch of marines who were trapped and pinned down in a building by insurgents. Marine Sgt. Maj. Bradley A. Kasal went from room to room fighting numerous insurgents and saving the marines. He took 7 AK-47 rounds to most of his lower body and most of his lower right leg had been torn apart. He then continued fighting and received about 43 hot pieces of shrapnel to his body after an insurgent threw a grenade and Kasal used his body to shield a wounded marine. By the time he had left the house he had lost about 60% of his blood and required 21 surgeries to aid his recovery. For his valor that day he received the Navy cross which is the second highest award the navy can give with the medal of honor being the highest. Kasal proved everything that can be said about the bravery and valor of the marines. (Say conclusion)http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Honoring+the+brave:+Marine+Sgt.+Maj.+Bradley+A.+Kasal.-a0154458564
