2. What is a cigarette?
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3. What things are in cigarettes?
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4. What chemicals are Chemical Found in:
carbon car exhaust
in cigarettes? monoxide
nicotine bug sprays
tar material to make roads
There are over 4,000 chemicals in cigarettes. arsenic rat poison
51 of them are known to be carcinogenic. A ammonia cleaning products
carcinogen is something that causes cancer.
Cancer is a disease that often kills those who hydrogen gas chamber poison
cyanide
have it. There are many types of cancer: cyanide deadly poison
breast, lung, larynx, stomach, prostrate, acetone nail polish remover
kidney, leukemia (cancer of the blood), etc. In
all kinds of cancer, the cells keep dividing and butane cigarette lighter fluid
forming new, abnormal cells. These cells are DDT insecticides
not normal or healthy. [2] formaldehyde to preserve dead bodies
sulfuric acid car batteries
cadmium used to recharge batteries
freon damages earth's ozone layer
geranic acid a fragrance
methoprene a pesticide
maltitol a sweetener not permitted to be
Familiar Chemicals in Cigarettes used in foods in the U.S.
5. What are some common causes for
people to start smoking?
People start smoking because:
grown up in an environment where their parents, grandparents and older
siblings smoke - so they smoke in order to look and act like them. [3]
Peer pressure - because their friends have tried it or smoke themselves
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defiance against their parents or people[3] z8UtypbqDqU/TVrAg_gbSCI/
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have low self-esteem - Smoking may get them in with the "in crowd" and s/s1600/kids+smoking.jpg
help them to make friends
to appear older and more grown up
experimenting with smoking (curiosity) - just want to try it so see what all
the fuss is about[3] http://cdn.ubergizmo.
com/photos/2007/5/e-
cigarette.jpg
People continue smoking because:
nicotine is highly addictive
people think that they need cigarettes in order to cope with stress or nerves[3]
relaxes them
afraid of giving up smoking as they think that they will gain a huge amount of weight when they
stop[3]
6. how many teens/young people
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smoke?
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Close to 1.3 billion people smoke [4]
Worldwide, between 80,000 and 100,000 kids
start smoking every day!!! [5]
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7. What are the short term
consequences of smoking
what does Muscular System 1.Physical Endurance
smoking do to Nervous System 1.Stimulates, then Reduces Brain Activity
people’s health
1.Acid in Stomach
right after they Digestive System 2.Sensation of Appetite, Taste & Smell
finish a cigarette? 3.Bad Breath
1.Paralyses Cilia, reduces function Irritates
Allergies
Respiratory System
2.Cough & Colds
3.Irritates Eyes & Throat
1.Heart Rate
Here are some of 2.Blood Pressure
the consequences 3.Dizziness
4.Skin Temperature of Fingers & Toes
Circulatory System 5.Hand Tremor
6.Constriction of Blood Vessels
7.Flow of Blood Supply and Oxygen
Information from: 8.Fat and Cholesterol Deposition in Blood
http://www0.hku.hk/uhs/he/smoke/health_e
ffect-eng.htm Vessels
8. What are the 1.Narrowing or hardening of blood vessels in
heart, brain, etc.
Circulatory 2.Coronary heart disease
long term System 3.Peripheral vascular disease due to blood flow
in narrowed blood vessels
consequences 4.Arteriosclerosis
1.Cancer of Lungs
2.Emphysema
(health Respiratory
System
3.Chronic bronchitis
4.Shortness of breath
risks) of 5.Cough and respiratory infections
6.Cancer of Larynx
1.Stomach ulcers
smoking? Digestive
System
2.Bad Breath
3.Cancer of mouth, oesophagus and pancreas
Nervous System 1.Stroke
Urinary System 1.Cancer of bladder and kidney
Muscular System1.Muscle Tone
Here are some of 1.Wrinkling and premature aging of the skin
the consequences Cosmetic Effect
2.Sallow, yellow-grey complexion
3.Stains fingers and nails
4.Stains teeth
1.Reproductive fertility
2.Birth weight (200 grams lighter)
Reproductive
Information from: 3.Miscarriages, complications at birth and
System
http://www0.hku.hk/uhs/he/smoke/health_e retarded foetal growth
ffect-eng.htm 4.Cancer of cervix
9. How many people die that are
caused by smoking?
• 33 percent to 50 percent of all smokers are killed by their habit.
* Smokers die on average 15 years sooner than nonsmokers. [6]
• Around 5.4 million deaths a year are caused by tobacco. [6]
* Smoking is set to kill 6.5 million people in 2015 and 8.3 million
humans in 2030, with the biggest rise in low-and middle-income
countries. [6]
* Every 6.5 seconds a current or former smoker dies, according to the
World Health Organization (WHO). [6]
• Every 6.5 seconds a current or former smoker dies, according to the World
Health Organization (WHO). [6]
Tobacco use will kill 1 billion people in the 21st century if current smoking trends
continue. [6]
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10. What body parts are affected by
smoking?
Mouth and throat: Tobacco smoke can cause gum disease and tooth decay. The teeth become yellow or black. [7
Esophagus: The tars in smoke can trigger cancer. [7]
Brain: Headaches are common. Lack of oxygen and narrowing of blood-vessels can lead to strokes. [7]
Bronchi: Smoke contains hydrogen cyanide and other chemicals, which attack the lining of the bronchi, inflamin
them and increasing susceptibility to bronchitis. [7]
Lungs: People who inhale smoke are ten times more likely to get lung cancer than non-smokers. Mucus secretion
is increased, causing chronic catarrh and smoker’s cough [7]
.
Circulation: Nicotine raises blood-pressure. Carbon monoxide leads to development of cholesterol deposits in
artery walls, causing heart attacks and strokes. Loss of circulation in limbs can cause amputation. [7]
Heart: Nicotine in cigarette smoke makes the heart beat faster and so it works hard. Blood clot more easily,
increasing the risk of heart attack. Carbon monoxide robs the blood of oxygen, again increasing the risk of heart
attack. [7]
Intestine: Smoking can cause diarrhea and ulcers also. [7]
Stomach: Increased acid secretion can lead to ulcers. [7]
Bladder: Excreted carcinogens can cause cancer. [7]
11. What does it mean to be addicted
to smoking?
A smoking addiction means a person has formed an uncontrollable dependence on
cigarettes to the point where stopping smoking would cause severe emotional, mental, or
physical reactions. [8]
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12. Why do people get addicted to
smoking/what makes cigarettes
addictive? tobacco
Most addicitive chemical in a cigarette is Nicotine.
Nicotine is the drug in tobacco that causes addiction. It
is absorbed and enters the bloodstream, through the
lungs when smoke is inhaled, and through the lining of
the mouth when tobacco is smoked. It is also absorbed http://www.bridge-
bradford.org.uk/uploads/images/drugs/nicotine.jpg
through the nose from nasal snuff. [8]
Nicotine is a psychoactive drug with stimulant effects on the electrical activity of the
brain. It also has calming effects, especially at times of stress, as well as effects on
hormonal and other systems throughout the body. Although its subjective effects are
less dramatic and obvious than those of some other addictive drugs, smoking doses of
nicotine causes activation of "pleasure centers" in the brain (for example, the
mesolimbic dopamine system), which may explain the pleasure, and addictiveness of
smoking. [8]
13. quitting smoking
If you stop smoking before or during
middle age (age 35 to 50), you will
avoid about 90 percent of the lung
cancer risk. If you are currently
middle-aged, you are also more
likely to succeed in quitting now
than when you were younger. [8]
The reason why so many people fail to stop is
because they are addicted. Being addicted
does not mean that you cannot stop - only
that it is likely to be difficult. Anyone can
succeed if he or she goes about it in the right
way. [8]
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14. How hard is it to quit smoking?
Most smokers want to stop and do
indeed try, but only one in three
succeeds in stopping permanently
before age 60. By this time, much
harm may have been done to the
body - some of it irreversible. [8]
•Those who eventually quit
smoking usually try to stop two or
three times before they're
successful. [8]
•Only 2.5 percent of smokers
successfully quit each year. [8]
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15. What are the benefits of quitting
smoking?
Within ...
20 minutes
8 hours
Your blood pressure, pulse rate, and the temperature of your hands and feet will all return to normal.
Remaining nicotine in your bloodstream will have fallen to 6.25% of normal peak daily levels, a 93.25% reduction.
12 hours Your blood oxygen level will have increased to normal and carbon monoxide levels will have dropped to normal.
24 hours Anxieties peak in intensity and within two weeks should return to near pre-cessation levels.
Damaged nerve endings have started to regrow and your sense of smell and taste are beginning to return to normal. Cessation anger and
48 hours
Within 12 hours after you have your last cigarette, your body will begin to heal itself.
irritability peaks.
Your entire body will test 100% nicotine-free and over 90% of all nicotine metabolites (the chemicals it breaks down into) will now have passed
The levels of carbon monoxide and nicotine in your system will decline rapidly, and
72 hours
from your body via your urine. Symptoms of chemical withdrawal have peaked in intensity, including restlessness. The number of cue induced
crave episodes experienced during any quitting day will peak for the "average" ex-user. Lung bronchial tubes leading to air sacs (alveoli) are
your heart and lungs will begin to repair the damage caused by cigarette smoke. As
beginning to relax in recovering smokers. Breathing is becoming easier and the lungs functional abilities are starting to increase.
your body begins to repair itself, instead of feeling better right away, you may feel
The "average" ex-smoker will encounter an "average" of three cue induced crave episodes per day. Although we may not be "average" and
5 - 8 days although serious cessation time distortion can make minutes feel like hours, it is unlikely that any single episode will last longer than 3 minutes.
worse for a while. It's important to understand that healing is a process begins
Keep a clock handy and time them.
10 days 10 days - The "average ex-user is down to encountering less than two crave episodes per day, each less than 3 minutes.
immediately, but it continues over time. These "withdrawal pangs" are really
Recovery has likely progressed to the point where your addiction is no longer doing the talking. Blood circulation in our gums and teeth are now
10 days to 2 weeks [11]
symptoms of the recovery process.
similar to that of a non-user.
Cessation related anger, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, impatience, insomnia, restlessness and depression have ended. If still experiencing any of
2 to 4 weeks
these symptoms get seen and evaluated by your physician.
Brain acetylcholine receptor counts up-regulated in response to nicotine's presence have now down-regulated and receptor binding has returned
Immediately after quitting, many ex-smokers experience "symptoms of recovery" such
21 days
to levels seen in the brains of non-smokers.
as temporary weight gain caused by fluid retention, irregularity, and dry, sore gums or
2 weeks to 3 months Your heart attack risk has started to drop. Your lung function is beginning to improve.
3 weeks to 3 months Your circulation has substantially improved. Walking has become easier. Your chronic cough, if any, has likely disappeared.
tongue. You may feel edgy, hungry, more tired, and more short-tempered than usual
1 to 9 months
Any smoking related sinus congestion, fatigue or shortness of breath have decreased. Cilia have regrown in your lungs thereby increasing their
ability to handle mucus, keep your lungs clean, and reduce infections. Your body's overall energy has increased.
and have trouble sleeping and notice that you are coughing a lot. These symptoms are
1 year Your excess risk of coronary heart disease, heart attack and stroke has dropped to less than half that of a smoker.
the result of your body clearing itself of nicotine, a powerful addictive chemical. Most
5 to 15 years Your risk of stroke has declined to that of a non-smoker.
Your risk of being diagnosed with lung cancer is between 30%[11] 50% of that for a continuing smoker (2005 study). Risk of death from lung cancer
and
nicotine is gone from the body in 2-3 days.
10 years has declined by almost half if you were an average smoker (one pack per day). Your risk of pancreatic cancer has declined to that of a never-
smoker (2011 study), while risk of cancer of the mouth, throat and esophagus has also declined.
13 years Your risk of smoking induced tooth loss has declined to that of a never-smoker (2006 study).
15 years Your risk of coronary heart disease is now that of a person who has never smoked.
Female excess risk of death from all smoking related causes, including lung disease and cancer, has now reduced to that of a never-smoker (2008
20 years
study).
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16. What are some techniques people
use to quit smoking?
Start your stop smoking plan with START
S = Set a quit date.
T = Tell family, friends, and co-workers that you plan to quit.
A = Anticipate and plan for the challenges you'll face while quitting.
R = Remove cigarettes and other tobacco products from your home, car, and work.
T = Talk to your doctor about getting help to quit. [10]
If it doesn't work, follow these steps
Acupuncture: a healing technique derived from ancient Chinese medicine. As with hypnosis, acupuncture works
for those with a strong desire to quit. [9]
Low-Level Laser Therapy: emitting a fine-point "cold laser" into your skin which stimulates your body's
endorphin production system. Endorphins are natural chemicals in your body that signal your internal system to
decrease stress and increase energy [9]
Chantix: a selective nicotinic receptor modulator used as part of a program to help you quit smoking. [9]
Zyban: an anti-smoking pill that seems to reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms and the urge to smoke, and it
contains no nicotine. [9]
17. Think about this when someone
tells you to smoking
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