1. Turkey

2. LOCATION
• Turkey is the only country in
the world that is on two
continents. Turkey is on both
Asia and Europe.
• Bordering the Black Sea,
between Bulgaria and Georgia,
and bordering the Aegean Sea
and the Mediterranean Sea,
between Greece and Syria.

3. LOCATION
• It is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest,
Greece to the west, Georgia to the northeast, Armenia, Azerbaijan
and Iran to the east, and Iraq and Syria to the southeast.

4. NATIONAL FLAG & EMBLEM
• Red with a vertical white
half moon (the closed
portion is toward the hoist
side) and white five-
pointed star centered just
outside the half- moon
Used only in embassies &
opening. Ministry of
• Turkey does not have an Foreign Affairs.
official national emblem.
The symbol on the cover
page of Turkish passports
is simply the star and Half
-moon t as found in the
flag of Turkey.
Seal of the President of Turkey.
The 16 stars symbolize Designed in 1925,
the 16 Turkish states in history. but was never approved.

5. SYMBOL
• In the language of flowers, tulips
have their own meaning and
symbolism. In general the tulip
flowers mean perfect love and a true.
• And of course, tulip flowers are
always associated with spring.
Blooming in a multitude of colors
timeless symbol of spring.
• The tulip flower is the 11th wedding
anniversary flower. The tulip flower
is also unofficially the emblem of
Holland and the national flower of
Iran and Turkey.

6. FACTS
• Population :75.6 million
(Turkstat, Turkish Statistical Institute, 2012 )
• Official Language : Turkish
• Administrative Type : Democratic Republic
• Capital City :Ankara,but most populated city is
Istanbul.
• Currency: Turkish Lira
• Official Holidays
Religious
• Feast of Ramadan. ( 3 days )
• Feast of the Sacrifice.( 4 days )
Other holidays
• New Year's Day (1st January)
• National Sovereignty & Children's Day (23rd April)
• Ataturk's Commemoration & Youth and Sports Day
(19th May)
• Victory Day (30th August) Istiklal Avenue
• Republic Day (29th October 1923)

7. FACTS
• Time difference: UTC+2. (7 hours
ahead of Washington, DC during
Standard Time)
• Daylight saving time: +1 hr, begins
last Monday in March; ends last
Sunday in October
• Working Days: From Monday to
Friday
• Ethnic Groups : Turkish, Laz,Zaza
Kurdish , Greek , Turkmen
• Life expectacy : 72
• Sufferage :18
• Mean Age : 28.8 years
• Religions :Secular Republic
Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other
0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)
• Urban population: 70% of total
population (2010).

8. HisTory

9. HISTORY
The Turks and the Ottoman Empire
• Turkey has been the home of many civilisations. Ancient
people who lived in the area include the Hittites of Hattusha,
Phrygians and Lydians. The Persians ruled between 545-383
BC, followed by the Greeks (333-30BC) and
the Romans(30BC-395 AD).
• In the 10th century, the Seljuks started migrating from
their ancestral homelands towards the eastern regions of
Anatolia, which eventually became the new homeland of Oğuz
Turkic tribes following the Battle of Manzikert (Malazgirt) in
1071.
• In the fifteenth century it was
conquered by the Ottoman arm
(the capital city was renamed Istanbul).

10. HISTORY
• Turkey is a democratic, secular, unitary, constitutional
republic whose political system was established in 1923
under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, following
the fall of the Ottoman Empire in the after World War I.
• Since then, Turkey has become increasingly integrated with
the West through membership in organizations
such as ; The Council of Europe, NATO, OECD, OSCE and the
G-20 major economies.
• Turkey began full membership negotiations
with the European Union in 2005.

11. HISTORY
Who is Atatürk?
• He was born in Selanik 1881
and died 1938.
• Hero of Gallipoli Battle fields
in the World War I.
• Atatürk is the starter of war
of the independence.
• Establisher and first minister
of Turkish Republic. Also
known as “Father of the
Turks.”
Mustafa Kemal ATATURK

12. HISTORY
• Atatürk did many radical reforms to
being modernise and develop more.
Political ------>Democracy
Law ------> Swiss Law
Education andculture ----->Latin Alphabet
Economic ------>I.and II. development plan
Social life ------> Civil and political rights
to woman .

13. HISTORY
He died on the "10th of November, 1938.
His mausoleum is in
Anıtkabir, Ankara

14. GeoGraphy

15. GEOGRAPHY
Blacksea
Marmara
Eastern Anatolia
Central Anatolia
Agean
Southeastern Anatolia
Mediterranean
Turkey is subdivided 7 regions . .
Turkey is subdivided 7 regions
Turkey has 81 provinces.Most populated ones are Istanbul,Ankara,Izmir ..
Turkey has 81 provinces.Most populated ones are Istanbul,Ankara,Izmir

16. GEOGRAPHY
Turkey is surrounded by sea on three sides, by the Black Sea in
the north, the Mediterranean in the south and the Aegean
Sea in the west .
Coast line : 7,200 km.

17. GEOGRAPHY
• Turkey's diverse regions have different climates because of
irregular topography.
• In the Eastern region of Anatolia, the elevation of mountains
exceeds 2500-3000 m.
• Northern Black Sea Mountains and Caucasian Mountain hold the rain
clouds, and therefore the area is affected by the continental
climate with long and very cold winter.

18. GEOGRAPHY
• While the coastal areas enjoy milder
climates, the inland Anatolian plateau
experiences extremes of hot summers
and cold winters with limited rainfall.
• Turkey receives most of the rainfall in
the winter season.
• But summer rainfall is very limited and
could not be enough to remove water .

19. GEOGRAPHY
Tempeture
• In Istanbul and around the Sea of Marmara
the climate is moderate (winter 4°C and
summer 27°C).
• In winter however the temperatures can drop
below zero. In Western Anatolia.
• There is a mild Mediterranean climate with
average temperatures of 9°C in winter and
29°C in summer.
• The climate in the Black Sea area is wet, and
humid (summer 23°C, winter 7°C).
• Eastern Anatolia region there is a long winter,
and snow remains on the ground from
November until the end of April (the average
temperature in winter is -13 °C & in summer
17 °C).

20. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
• Politics of Turkey are exercised in frame of strictly secular
parliamentary representative democratic republic.
• Turkish political system is modeled off separation of powers.
• Grand National Assembly of Turkey holds legislative power.
• Judiciary is free of executive and legislature.
• Turkey’s current constitution went into effect on 7 November
1982 .

21. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Executive branch
• Duty of head of state is carried out by president.
• President is elected every five years on basis of
universal suffrage.
• President is not required to be MP, but he or she has
to be older than 40 years old and have bachelor’s
degree.
• Current president Abdullah Gül was elected by
Parliament on 28 August 2007.
• President, Prime Minister and Council of Ministers are
in charge of executive power.
• Current PM is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, whose
conservative Justice and Development Party gained
majority of parliament seats in 2011 general election.

22. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Legislative branch
• Legislative power is exercised in 550-seat Grand
National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük
Millet Meclisi), with 81 provinces represented.
• Its members are elected to term
of four years through mitigated
proportional representation
with election.

23. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Grand National Assembly of Turkey
• Normally known simply as the Meclis (parliament).
• Unicameral Turkish legislature.
• Founded 23 April 1920 amid Turkish War of Independence.

24. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Political laws of truth in Turkey
• Turkey’s constitution and most mainstream political parties are
structured on these principles:
• Kemalism
• Laicism
• Modernization
• Other political ideas have also influenced Turkish politics and modern
history. Of special significance are:
• Conservatism
• Neo-liberalism
• Islamism
• Pan-Turkism
• Socialism
• Communism
• Anarchism

25. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Abdullah GUL
• Born 29 October 1950 in Kayseri.
• 11th and current President of
Turkey since 28 August 2007.
• Was previously PM for four
months (18 November 2002-14
March 2003) and Minister of
Affairs and Deputy PM for four
years (14 March 2003-28 August
2007 and 28 March 2003-28
August 2007, respectively).
President of Turkey

26. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN
• Born 26th February 1954 inIstanbul .
• PM of Turkey 14th March 2003 &
Chairman of the governing party
Justice & Development Party
(AK Party ).
• Served as mayor of Istanbul from
1994-1998.
Prime Minister of Turkey

27. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN
• Graduated from Marmara University
(Commercial Science ) .
• Founded Justice & Development Party in
2001 .
• Acquired 2/3 of seats in Parliament in 2002
general election creating 1st single party
government for 9 years.
• Interest rates lowered with per capita
growing significantly.
Prime Minister of Turkey

28. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Republican People’s Party
• Kemalist and social-democratic
political party.
• Is Turkey’s oldest political party
and is currently main opposition
party in Grand National Assembly.
• Portrays itself as “a modern social-
democratic party, which is faithful
to founding principles and values of
the Republic [of Turkey]”.

29. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Justice and Development Party
• Centre-right conservative political party.
• The Biggest party in Turkey, has 327 MPs.
• Its leader, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, is PM;
fellow member and ex-party leader
Abdullah Gül is President.
• Ak also means “white” in Turkish.
• Founded 14 August 2001 by members of
numerous existing parties; won landslide
victory in 2002 general election by winning
more than two-thirds of parliamentary Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN
seats.

30. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
Peace at home peace in the world (Turkish motto )
M.Kemal ATATURK
Left Wing & Right Wing
Kemal KILICTAROGLU Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN

31. POLITICAL STRUCTURE
3 main Political issue in Turkey ;
• Armenian Conflict .
• Cyprus.
• Kurdish Conflict :20% of Turkey’s population
is Kurdish.
→More than 35,000 people have died in the
Kurdish conflict since the PKK turned to
terrorism in 1984.
→Abdullah Ocalan, leader of rebel terrorist
group (PKK)

32. Thank you for
your inTeresT