When we think about Satellites, we think about what we use them for but in reality they are our friends and helpers in the sky. In this tutorial we look at how satellites are useful as a connectivity option, how it helps us map and navigate, how we can use location based services, how we can watch broadcast video or listen to broadcast radio and last but not least, how satellites are helping us observe and monitor the earth. You can find the #TechKnowledge slides and other details on our webpage here: https://www.3g4g.co.uk/TechKnowledge/ All our #3G4G5G slides and videos are available at: Website : https://www.3g4g.co.uk/ Videos: https://www.youtube.com/3G4G5G Slides: https://www.slideshare.net/3G4GLtd

1. ©3G4G

2. TechKnowledge
Technology Stories

3. Series 1
Part 3: Satellites - Our
Friends In the Sky…

4. By Zahid Ghadialy,
Principal Analyst and Consultant, 3G4G
Research assistant: Zakariya (Zak) Ghadialy,
Student / Intern

5. TechKnowledge
Technology Stories

6. ©3G4G
GEO
(35786 Km)
GEO = Geostationary/Geosynchronous Earth Orbit

7. ©3G4G
GEO
(35786 Km)
MEO
(7000 - 25000 Km)
GEO = Geostationary/Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
MEO = Medium Earth Orbit

8. ©3G4G
GEO
(35786 Km)
MEO
(7000 - 25000 Km)
LEO
(300 - 1500 Km)
GEO = Geostationary/Geosynchronous Earth Orbit
MEO = Medium Earth Orbit
LEO = Low Earth Orbit

9. Terrestrial and Non-Terrestrial Networks
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Satellites
• GEO – 35,786 km
• MEO – 7,000 to 25,000 km
• LEO – 300 to 1,500 km
UAS
• UAS Range – 8 to 50 km
• Typically, 18 to 27 km
• HAPS – 20 km
Aircraft
• Typically, 9 to 11.5 km
Terrestrial Networks
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UAS = Unmanned Aircraft System
HAPS = High-Altitude Platform Station

10. Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) or Direct-to-Home (DTH)
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Source: Eutelsat

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Source: The Free Dictionary by Farlex

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Source: Stuart Pearson on Twitter

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Google Map & Google Satellite

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16. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
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Source: SpaceNews

17. GNSS Applications and Services
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Location Based
Services
Navigation Precision
Farming
Real-time
Tracking
Autonomous
Driving
Fleet
Management
Aviation
Applications
Maritime
Applications
Military
Applications
Timing &
Synchronization
Search &
Rescue

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Source: Gilat

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Space
Air
Ground
V2X
IoT Devices
V2X
Core Network
Apps/Internet App Platforms
Wi-Fi 6/6E/7
UAV
LTE/LTE-A
Apps/MEC
5G-A
HAPS
Earth
Station
6G
MEO
LEO
Multi-Beam Tx
Aircraft
GEO Not to scale
20-30 km
150-300m
300-1500 km
7000-25000 km
35786 km

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ESA: Algal bloom off Ireland
ESA: Two salty lakes in East Africa

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Source: ESA - The power of Earth observation

22. References and Further Reading
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• Via Satellite: GEO, MEO, and LEO (link)
• Space.com: What is a geosynchronous orbit? (link)
• Eutelsat: What are TV Distribution models? (link)
• The Free Dictionary by Farlex: Direct broadcasting satellite systems (link)
• LinkedIn - GNSS constellations: differences, what have in common and vulnerabilities ? (link)
• SpaceNews: Modern civilization would be lost without GPS (link)
• Feedough - Google Maps vs. Waze: A Detailed Comparison (link)
• Tualcom: GNSS Application Areas (link)
• Geographic Book: GNSS Applications (link)
• Satellite Applications Catapult on YouTube: Satellite Applications and Intelligent Transport (link)
• ESA: Top 10 Earth observation stories of 2023 (link)
• The 3G4G Blog: 3GPP 5G Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) Standardization Update (link)
• ESA: CEOS Earth Observation Handbook 2023 (link)
• ESA: The power of Earth observation Video (link)

23. Thank You
To learn more, visit:
3G4G Website – https://www.3g4g.co.uk/
3G4G Blog – https://blog.3g4g.co.uk/
Telecoms Infrastructure Blog – https://www.telecomsinfrastructure.com/
Operator Watch Blog – https://www.operatorwatch.com/
Connectivity Technology Blog – https://www.connectivity.technology/
Free 5G Training – https://www.free5gtraining.com/
Free 6G Training – https://www.free6gtraining.com/
Private Networks – https://www.privatenetworks.technology/
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24. TechKnowledge
Technology Stories