2. HERBS
Plants with green
and tender stems are
called Herbs. They
are usually short and
may not have many
branches. They are
also used for food,
flavouring, medicine,
or perfume.
3. SHRUBS
Some plants have the
stem branching out near
the base. The stem is hard
but not very thick. Such
plants are called Shrubs.
An area of cultivated
shrubs in a park or a
garden is known as a
Shrubbery.
4. TREES
Some plants are very tall
and have hard and thick
brown stem. The stems
have branches in the
upper part, much above
the ground. Such plants
are called Trees. They
tend to be long-lived,
some reaching several
thousand years old.
5. CLIMBERS & CREEPERS
Plants that take support
on neighbouring
structures and climb up
are called Climbers.
Plants with weak
stems that cannot stand
upright and spread on
the ground are called
Creepers.
6. STEMS
The Stem helps the
water and minerals to
go to leaves and
other plant parts
attached to the stem,
through narrow tubes
inside them.
7. LEAVES
A Leaf is an organ of a plant.
The part of a leaf by which it
is attached to the stem is
called Petiole. The broad,
green part of the leaf is
called Lamina. The lines on
the leaf are called Veins and
the thick vein in the middle
is called the Midrib. The
design made by veins in a
leaf is called the Leaf
Venation.
8. LEAF VENATION
PARALLEL VENATION
In the leaves of grass the veins
are parallel to one another.
This is Parallel Venation.
RETICULATE VENATION
If the design is net-like on both
sides of midrib, the venation is
Reticulate Venation.
9. TRANSPIRATION
Water comes out of
leaves in the form
of vapour by a process
called Transpiration.
Plants release a lot of
water into the air
through this process.
10. PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Leaves prepare their food in
the presence of sunlight and a
green coloured substance
present in them. For this, they
use water and carbon dioxide
from air. This process is called
Photosynthesis. Oxygen is given
out in this process. The food
prepared by leaves ultimately
gets stored in different parts
of plant as starch.
11. ROOTS
The Roots help in
holding the plant
firmly in the soil.
They are said to
anchor the plant to
the soil.
12. TYPES OF ROOTS
TAP ROOT
In a plant with a taproot
system, the Taproot is the
largest, most central, and most
dominant root from which
other roots sprout laterally.
FIBROUS ROOT
A Fibrous Root system is
usually formed by thin,
moderately branching roots
growing from the stem.
13. FLOWERS
A Flower, is the
reproductive
structure found in
plants. The
prominent parts of
the open flower are
the Petals. The small
leaf-like structure
are called the
Sepals.
14. PARTS OF A FLOWER
STAMEN
The Stamen is the
pollen-producing reproductive
organ of a flower.
PISTIL
The ovule producing part
of a flower is known as the
Pistil.
15. PARTS OF STAMEN
• Anther: The part of the
stamen where pollen is
produced.
• Filament: The filament is a
stalk that connects to the
anther.
PARTS OF PISTIL
• Style: It is a long, slender
stalk that connects the
stigma and the ovary.
• Stigma: It is a sticky
platform at the top of the
style where pollen is
deposited.
• Ovary :The enlarged basal
portion of the pistil where
ovules are produced.
