Railway, Bridge and Tunnel Engineering

1. GOVERMENT ENGINEERING
COLLEGE, BHARUCH
 Name : Kaptan sagar r
 Enrollment No. : 130140106021
 Topic : Corrugated (roaring), Hogging,
Buckling, Kinks in rails
 Sub : Railway, Bridge and Tunnel
Engineering

2. Corrugated (Roaring) Rails
In certain places the heads of rails are
found to be corrugated rather than straight ones.
Such type of rails are known as corrugated rails
or roaring rails.
When trains pass over such rails, a
roaring noise is caused, which is unpleasant to
the passengers. The corrugations consists of
minute depression on the surface of rails. They
are usually created at places where brakes are
applied or trains start.

4. i. Corrugation develop in any part of the whole rail
gets corrugated in a short time.
ii. Corrugation occur at any gradient and on any
track, whether a straight track or a curved track.
iii. When corrugated rails are relaid in other sections,
the corrugation sometimes get smoothened.
iv. When new rails are laid in places where
corrugation are prevalent, the new rails get
corrugated.
v. Rails carrying empty trains are easily corrugated
than rails carrying loaded trains.
Some of the peculiarity of corrugated rails
in nature are :

5. Causes of corrugations :
i. Where brakes are applied to trains for stopping them.
ii. Where trains start.
iii. Where the ballast consists of broken bricks.
iv. In electrified section of a railway track.
v. High speed of trains.
vi. Rigid railway track.
vii. Use of light wagons and coaches.
viii. Steep gradient
ix. Slipping of wheels of engine.

6. Remedial Measures
The corrugations of rails can be removed by
grinding a few thousands of a millimetre of the
rail heads. For this purpose, rail grinding trains
are used which move at 3 km.ph when the
grinders are in action.

7. Hogged Rails
Due to battering action of wheels over the
end of the rails, the rails get bent down and are
deflected at ends. These rails are called ‘hogged
rails’.
The hogging of the rails is mainly due to
loose packing under the joints and loose fish
plates. This defect causes rough riding.

8. Remedial measures :
1. Cropping :
In this measure, the hogged ends of the rails are cut
off and fresh holes for fixing the fish plates are provided.
The cutting of rails either is done in workshop or at the
site.
2. Welding :
Hogged rails are brought to the level by welding the
wornout or deflected ends.
3. Replacing :
In this method, the hogged rails are completely
removed and replaced by new rails. But, this measure is
very costly.
4. Dehogging :
This method involves straightening the hogged ends

9. Buckling of rails :
Buckling of rails means the track has gone out
of its original position or alignment due to prevention
of expansion of rails in hot weather. Buckling,
usually take place on tangent lengths or at curves.

10. Causes :
i. When expansion gap between ends of two rails
is not sufficient.
ii. The fish plates being bolted so tight that the
rails are not allowed to slip or expand.
iii. Due to welded rails on weak tracks.

11. Remedial measures :
i. Sufficient expansion gap should be provided.
ii. The fish bolts should not be tightened so much
as to prevent the expansion or contraction of
rails.
iii. The contact surface between the fish plates
and rails should be periodically lubricated.
iv. Provision of steel sleepers or anchoring of
welded rails should be done.
v. Number of welded rails should not be large.

12. Kinks in rails :
When the ends of adjoining rails move
slightly out of position ‘kinks’ or ‘shoulders’ are
formed.
Causes :
i. Loose packing at joints
ii. Defect in cross level at joints
iii. Defect in gauge and alignment
iv. Uneven wear of rail head

13. Effects :
i. The kinks causes unpleasant jerks in vehicles.
ii. On curves, it causes defect in gauge alignment
and camber.
Remedial Measures :
i. Providing proper packing at joints
ii. Correct alignment of joints and curves
iii. Periodical maintenance of the track in respect
of gauge, welding, cross levels etc.