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WELCOME,[object Object]
A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION,[object Object],…,[object Object],    ON,[object Object],DENSE  WAVELENGTH  DIVISION,[object Object],MULTIPLEXING,[object Object],--PRESENTED  BY,[object Object],NITESH  SRIVASTAVA,[object Object],DEPT- ECE,[object Object],SEM- 6TH,[object Object],ROLL- 32,[object Object]
Wavelength  division ,[object Object],Multiplexing :,[object Object],[object Object],      carrier signals on a single optical fiber by using different,[object Object],      wavelengths of laser light to carry different signals.,[object Object],[object Object],    > Coarse WDM,[object Object],    > Dense  WDM,[object Object]
What  is  dwdm ??,[object Object],> Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a,[object Object],    technology that uses more than eight multiplexed signals,[object Object],    to transmit many wavelengths of light simultaneously,[object Object],    over a single optical fiber .,[object Object]
HISTORY OF DWDM ::,[object Object],64 to 160 channels in 1550 nm window,[object Object],Next generation DWDM  system,[object Object],Channel  spacing  of  0.2  to  0.4 nm,[object Object],16 to 40 channels in 1550nm window,[object Object],DWDM (Dense  wdm),[object Object],Channel  spacing of 0.8 to 1.6,[object Object],2 to 8 channels in 1550nm window,[object Object],Passive (or) 2nd generation WDM,[object Object],Channel spacing of~ 3.2nm,[object Object],2 channels WWDM (Wideband WDM),[object Object],1310nm & 1550nm,[object Object],Late,[object Object],1990’s,[object Object],      Mid ,[object Object],1990’s,[object Object],               Early,[object Object],         1990’s  ,[object Object],1980’s,[object Object]
A dwdm system::,[object Object],*A basic DWDM system contains several main components:,[object Object],(a) A DWDM terminal multiplexer,[object Object],(b) An intermediate line repeater ,[object Object],(c) An intermediate optical terminal,[object Object],(d) A DWDM terminal demultiplexer,[object Object],(e) Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC),[object Object]
Block  diagram  of ,[object Object],dwdm  system ::,[object Object]
Itu-tg ::,[object Object],[object Object],  structure, though some vendors have opted to use 100 megabit ,[object Object],  Ethernet or another signal format.,[object Object],[object Object],  may also perform  forward error correction (FEC)  via 'digital wrapper' ,[object Object], technology, as described in the ITU-TG.709 standard.,[object Object],[object Object],  with older but more standard SONET/SDH systems.,[object Object]
WAVELENGTH ,[object Object],CONVERTING TRANSPONDERS ::,[object Object],[object Object], wavelength of a client-layer signal into one of the DWDM system's,[object Object], equivalent internal wavelengths.,[object Object],[object Object], on the additional function of signal regeneration. ,[object Object], Signal regeneration in transponders quickly  evolved  through  1R  ,[object Object], to   2R   to   3R .,[object Object],1R                        2R                             3R,[object Object],  Retransmission                           Re-time, ,[object Object],                                                             Re-transmit ,[object Object],Re-time,,[object Object],Re-transmit,,[object Object],Re-shape,[object Object]
RECONFIGURABLE OPTICAL ,[object Object],ADD-DROP  MULTIPLEXER ::,[object Object],[object Object],  for the dropping and adding of certain wavelength channels. Adding or ,[object Object], dropping wavelengths requires manually inserting or replacing ,[object Object], wavelength-selective cards.,[object Object]
OPTICAL CROSS CONNECTS::,[object Object],(OXC),[object Object],[object Object],  interconnection device is needed to route the signals from an input ,[object Object],  port to the desired output port.These devices are called optical ,[object Object],crossconnectors(OCXs).Various categories of OXCs include electronic,,[object Object],  optical, and wavelength selective devices.,[object Object]
CHANNEL  SPACING ::,[object Object],[object Object],    multiplexed signals is known as the Channel Spacing. Since the ,[object Object],    wavelength of operation is inversely proportional to the frequency, ,[object Object],    a corresponding difference is introduced in the wavelength of each ,[object Object],    signal.,[object Object]
CATeGORIES OF WAVELENGTH,[object Object],SWITCHeS::,[object Object],[object Object]
Wavelength-Independent Reconfigurable switch.
  Wavelength-Selective Reconfigurable Switch.
  DWDM , ideally it should have additional optical switching capability   to implement dynamically reconfigurable interconnections necessary,[object Object],    for the next generation systems. ,[object Object]
SONET WITH DWDM ::,[object Object],[object Object],  investments can be preserved. Often new implementations can ,[object Object], eliminate layers of equipment.,[object Object],SONET,[object Object],TERMINAL,[object Object],WDM,[object Object],OC-n,[object Object],FIBER,[object Object],OC-48C,[object Object],ATM,[object Object],SWITCH,[object Object],OC-48C,[object Object],LAYER -3,[object Object],SWITCH,[object Object]
DWDM-FM ::,[object Object],[object Object],owned by Eagle Broadcasting Corporation in the Philippines. The ,[object Object],station's studio was located in EDSA, Quezon City and its transmitter ,[object Object], located at Commonwealth Avenue, Quezon City.,[object Object]
IP OVER DWDM ::,[object Object],* The problem:  The explosive growth of the Internet spurred by high ,[object Object],   speed access networks and flat-rate mobile billing plans has caused ,[object Object],  ferocious competition in the telecom service provider market.,[object Object],* Solutions:  One potential answer is IP over DWDM.,[object Object]
REQUIRMENTS IN THE,[object Object], METROPOLITAN AREA ::,[object Object],[object Object],   respects from those in the long-haul network market. ,[object Object], > Some key requirements for DWDM systems in the MAN include ,[object Object],     the following----,[object Object],  •  Multiprotocol support,[object Object],  •  Scalability,[object Object],  •  Reliability and availability,[object Object],  •  Openness (interfaces, network management, standard fiber,[object Object],types,electromagnetic compatibility),[object Object],  •  Ease of installation and management,[object Object],  •  Size and power consumption,[object Object],  •  Cost effectiveness,[object Object]
VALUE OF DWDM IN ,[object Object],METROPOLITAN  AREA ::,[object Object],[object Object],Then the equipment savings made it the solution of choice for new,[object Object],long-haul routes, even when ample fiber was available. Alternatives ,[object Object],for capacity enhancement exist, such as pulling new cable and SONET,[object Object],overlays, but DWDMcan do more.,[object Object]
WHY  DWDM ??,[object Object],[object Object],   potentially unlimited transmission capacity is the most obvious,[object Object],   advantage of DWDM technology. The current investment in fiber plant ,[object Object],  can not only be preserved, but optimized by a factor of at least 32.,[object Object],  capacity can be obtained for the cost of the equipment, and existing ,[object Object],fiber plant investment is retained.,[object Object]
benefits  OF  DWDM ::,[object Object],[object Object]

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Dense wavelength division multiplexing