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Ahtr prehistory buddhism (1)
- 1. Southeast Asia: Buddhist Art and Architecture Before 1200
- 3. Great Stupa (the Mahastupa), Sanchi. Founded third century BCE, enlarged c. 150–50 BCE. UNESCO video link.
- 8. The Vedas (knowledge) Upanishads (to sit down at the feet of the guru)
- 9. Samsara is the cycle of birth, death, disease, decay Karma is the universal law of cause and effect Maya is the illusionary nature of the phenomenal world and includes skepticism of the physical world and a desire to find the truth beyond the physical Nirvana is the possibility of release from samsara Mokśa is liberation, release from samsara
- 10. Siddhārtha Gautama (also known as Śakyamuni referring to the Śakya (lion) The Middle Path The great appeal of Buddhism is its teaching of wisdom, compassion and humility. Its emphasis on moral and ethical perfection, a democratic outlook and a casteless society also widened its attraction.
- 11. Buddha “Awakened One” A Buddha is a being that has achieved Enlightenment (the ability to understand the true nature of all things) and has been released from samsara. The Bodhi Tree (Bodhi = Enlightenment)
- 12. The Four Noble Truths Life is suffering (suffering = rebirth) The cause of suffering is desire The cause of desire must be overcome When desire is overcome, there is no more suffering (rebirth)
- 13. First Sermon (Turning the Wheel of the Law), Pala Dynasty, tenth century. Enlightenment (Earth Touching gesture), Pala Dynasty, tenth century
- 14. King Ashoka third century BCE
- 15. Lumbini (Birth) Bodh Gaya (Enlightenment) Sarnath (First Sermon) Kusingara (Parinirvana/death)
- 16. Ashokan Pillar and Lion Capital. Maurya period, c. 250 BCE. Capital height 7 feet.
- 19. Great Stupa (the Mahastupa), Sanchi. Founded third century BCE, enlarged c. 150–50 BCE. UNESCO video link.
- 22. Details from Stupa, Sanchi
- 23. North gate at Sanchi,source.
- 24. Votive Stupa from Bodh Gaya, eighth century.
- 25. North gate at Sanchi and detail from the upper right of the triratna (the three jewels) of Buddhism (source).
- 26. Ashokan pillar and stupa at Vaishali .
- 27. Plan of the Ajanta monastery.
- 28. Entrance to a chaitya hall, c. third century BCE to second century, cave at Bhaja.
- 29. Interior of rock-cut, chaitya hall Bhaja c. 100 BCE.
- 31. Interior of Cave 19, Ajanta c. 462-500 BCE.
- 32. Rock-cut chaitya halls and viharas, Ajanta, c. 462-500 BCE.
- 33. An image of the Buddha
- 34. Hinayana (Lesser Vehicle) (also known as shravakayana) It is based on the original teachings of the Buddha. It demonstrates practical methods for the end to suffering. Release can only be achieved through personal effort. The essence of the teachings is the Four Noble Truths. The basic practice is the Eightfold Path. The goal is individual salvation. There is a clear monastic tradition associated with Hinayana. Worship of deities is secondary. The simple concept is release from samsara.
- 35. Details from Stupa, Sanchi
- 36. Footprints of the Buddha at Bodh Gaya, source.
- 37. Mahayana (Greater Vehicle) This is rooted in the teachings of the historical Buddha, but seeks salvation for all beings. This attitude is embodied in the idea of the bodhisattva whose outstanding quality is compassion. The Mahayana places less emphasis on the monastery because through direct worship and assistance from the bodhisattva the individual can attain release.
- 38. Kushan coin. Buddha first-second century. Kushan coin, Siva second century.
- 39. “Yogi” seal.
- 40. Buddha and Attendants c. late first-early second century BCE, Mathura, Madhya Pradesh, India.
- 41. mudras
- 42. Buddha and Attendants, c.182 BCE, Ghandara, northwest Pakistan.Buddha and Attendants, c. late first-early second century BCE, Mathura, Madhya, Pradesh, India.
- 43. Standing Buddha, Gandhara, c. second–third century.
- 44. Imperial Procession, From the Ara Pacis, 13-9 BCE. Standing Buddha, Gandhara, c. second–third century.
- 45. Buddha, the First Sermon, Gupta, mid. fifth century sandstone.
- 46. First Sermon (Turning the Wheel of the Law), Pala Dynasty, tenth century. Enlightenment (Earth Touching gesture), Pala Dynasty, tenth century
- 47. Bodhisattva: An enlightened being who has achieved Buddhahood, but chooses to remain in the temporal world to assist others
- 48. The Bodhisattva Tara, c. ninth century.
- 53. Should they be reconstructed?