2. Agenda
Basic music information and concepts
MARC tags for music
Searching OCLC
Introduction to preferred titles
Introduction to subject and genre/form headings
Medium of performance terms
Dates
Numbers
3. What music formats have you cataloged
before?
A. Scores
B. Audio recordings
C. Video recordings
D. Books
E. Other
F. I haven’t cataloged an music formats yet
5. Unique Challenges
Variety of formats
Creators and contributors
Different genres of music
Arrangements, reductions, variations…
Instruments & voices, variety of uses for each
Specialized vocabularies
Many languages
Image from: en.wikipedia.org
7. Who Get’s Credit?
CREATORS CONTRIBUTORS
Composer
Author
Lyricist
Librettist
Editor
Arranger of music
Performer
Images from: commons.wikimedia.org & www.pixabay.com
8. Musical Genres, Specialized
Vocabularies, & Languages, Oh My!
Lots of resources
Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians online
Music Cataloging at Yale (http://web.library.yale.edu/cataloging/music)
Maxwell, Robert L. Maxwell’s Handbook for RDA. Chicago: ALA Editions, 2013.
MLA (http://bcc.musiclibraryassoc.org/bcc.html)
RDA Best Practices
LCMPT Best Practices
Listservs: MOUG, RDA
RDA Toolkit + RDA Best Practices
OCLC Bibliographic Formats & Standards (http://www.oclc.org/bibformats/en.html)
13. Browse Search
Scans an index, returns a list
Retrieve record(s) by selecting a list item
Enter a word or phrase, preceded by “sca”
Left anchored; character-by-character search
Automatic truncation
Tip: Title phrase index (sca ti= ) includes title/subtitle (245 $a, $b); Title whole phrase
index (sca tiw=) excludes 245 $b
Not available: WorldShare
14. Browse Example - Client
sca ti=poldark television
program
POLDARK TELEVISION PROGRAM 71
15. Derived Search
Saves keystrokes!
Uses patterns of initial letters and commas
Pattern determines index that is searched
Add qualifiers
Precede with slash
Tip: Better to use with distinctive titles
Not available: WorldShare
4,4
16. Derived Search
Index Index Label Pattern
(number of Initial letters, commas)
Derived: Title td: 3,2,2,1
Derived: Personal Name pd: 4,3,1
Derived: Corporate/Conference
Name
cd: =4,3,1
Derived: Name/Title nd: 4,4
Example: Music from The Skull by E. Lutyens
Title: mus,fr,th,s mus,fr,th,s/sco/2015 (add qualifiers to refine)
Name/Title: luty,musi luty,musi/sco/2015
17. Command Line Search
Combines index searches with qualifiers
Boolean operators, truncation, wildcards available
Requires proper syntax and order
Easier to use the “F2” Search WorldCat!
Example:
cn:be?tles and ti:yellow and mt:cd
retrieves “Yellow submarine” CD by the Beatles
18. Qualifiers
Add to end of search string, any order
Use as many as appropriate
Example:
cn:be?tles and ti:yellow/rec/1968/dlc
retrieves recordings of “Yellow submarine” by the Beatles issued in 1968
and cataloged by LC
Material type Year/Range of years
Microform/Not microform Cooperative program (LC, PCC)
Internet/Not internet Language
20. Word – Phrase – Whole Phrase
Index label Type of search
xx: Word or number
xx= Phrase or number phrase (within a subfield)
xxw: Whole phrase (within a field)
“xx” represents the index label
Tip: No index label required
ISBN
OCLC number (preceded by * or #)
21. Indexes of Interest
Index Label Description What’s indexed
mn: mn= Music publisher number 028 $a
sn: sn= Standard numbers 010, 02X, 534, many others
ut: ut= utw= Uniform title 130, 240, 7XX
ge: ge= Genre/Form 380, 6XX $v, 655
mc: mc= Musical composition 006/01-02, Comp, 047
en: Entity attributes 046, 34X, 37X, 38X
p3: Physical description 300 $a
dx:rda Description conventions 040 $e
cs: Cataloging source 040 $a
22. Search Tips
Know your indexes!
Use proper syntax and order
Use qualifiers
Save search preferences
Use standard number search for best results
Especially to find those vendor records!
Images in this section: Office.com
23. Search Results
Grouping depends on number of results
Full record – 1 result
Brief list – 2-5 results
Truncated list – 6-100 results
Group list – 101-1500 results
Error message – 1501+ results (must revise or limit search)
Customize view
Resize columns
Re-sort column data
24. Identifying RDA Records
Full RDA records
Fixed Field Desc: i
040 $e rda
Searching for RDA records
Index: Description conventions
dx:rda
Images: RDA Toolkit
25. Identifying RDA Records
Hybrid records
Contain some RDA elements, conventions
Not cataloged under RDA
Fixed Field Desc: a or blank
040 $e rda is not present
OCLC RDA policy
https://www.oclc.org/rda/new-policy.en.html
26. Choosing the Best Record
What’s the “best” record?
Local needs
National library/programs (LC, PCC)
“Trusted” libraries
Encoding level
Number of holdings
RDA/AACR2
Images: OCLC
29. What?
“The title or form of title chosen to identify the work. The preferred title is also the
basis for the authorized access point representing that work.” (RDA Toolkit)
Embodied in an authority file
32. Example (Authority)
046 __ |k 1883
100 1_ |a Brahms, Johannes, |d 1833-1897. |t Symphonies, |n no. 3, op. 90, |r F major
380 __ |a Symphonies |2 lcsh
382 0_ |a orchestra
383 __ |a no. 3 |b op. 90
384 0_ |a F major
670 __ |a Brahms, J. Symphonie Nr. 3 F-Dur, op. 90 [SR] p1988.
670 __ |a New Grove |b (op. 90. Symphony no. 3, F, 1883)
670 __ |a LC in OCLC, Feb. 16, 2000 |b (hdg.: Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897. Symphonies,
no. 3, op. 90, F major)
33. Example (Authority)
046 __ |k 1883
100 1_ |a Brahms, Johannes, |d 1833-1897. |t Symphonies, |n no. 3, op. 90, |r F major
380 __ |a Symphonies |2 lcsh
382 0_ |a orchestra
383 __ |a no. 3 |b op. 90
384 0_ |a F major
670 __ |a Brahms, J. Symphonie Nr. 3 F-Dur, op. 90 [SR] p1988.
670 __ |a New Grove |b (op. 90. Symphony no. 3, F, 1883)
670 __ |a LC in OCLC, Feb. 16, 2000 |b (hdg.: Brahms, Johannes, 1833-1897. Symphonies,
no. 3, op. 90, F major)
34. Why?
First purpose: identify a Work or
Expression embodied in a Manifestation
Musical manifestations can have a lot
of titles!
Secondary purpose: collocated resources
Musical works can be known by a lot of
titles!
Image from: www.flickr.com
35. 100 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Brandenburgische Konzerte
400 1_ |w nna |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Concerti grossi
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Brandenburg concertos
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Switched on Brandenburgs
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Six concertos brandebourgeois
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t 6 concertos brandebourgeois
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Concertos brandebourgeois
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t 6 Brandenburg concertos
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Six Brandenburg concertos
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Brandenburg concerti
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Concerti brandenburghesi
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Brandenburgskie kont︠s︡erty
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Sechs Brandenburgischen Konzerte
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t 6 Brandenburgischen Konzerte
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Concertos, |n BWV 1046-1051
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Six concertos for the Margrave of Brandenburg
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t 6 concertos for the Margrave of Brandenburg
400 1_ |a Bach, Johann Sebastian, |d 1685-1750. |t Concertos for the Margrave of Brandenburg
670 __ |a Bach, J.S. Brandenburg concertos [SR] p1994: |b label (Brandenburg concertos) container (Six
Brandenburg concertos : BWV 1046-1051 = Sechs Brandenburgische Konzerte = Six concertos
brandebourgeois)
670 __ |a Schmieder, 1990 |b (1046-1051. Die Sechs Brandenburgischen Konzerte; holograph: Six concerts
avec plusieurs instruments; 1st ed.: Six concertos (Leipzig : C.F. Peters, 1850-1852))
36. How Do I Choose a Preferred Title?
Look at the authority record (via OCLC Connexion or Browser or at
http://authorities.loc.gov/)
If more than one seems to match, look at the details
Choose the most specific applicable preferred title
You may have to add a bit of information
37. Order of information
Work THEN Expression
Work-level
Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, 1840-1893. Detskiĭ alʹbom.
Expression-level
Selections
Arranged
So:
100 1_ |a Tchaikovsky, Peter Ilich, |d 1840-1893. |t Detskiĭ alʹbom. |k Selections; |o
arranged
38. In the bibliographic record
1XX + 240 or 7XX
100 1 Weber, Carl Maria von,
$d 1786-1826.
240 10 Grand duo concertant
Image from: IMSLP/Petrucci
39. In the bibliographic record
700 1 2 $i Container of (work): $a Dvořák, Antonín,
$d 1841-1904. $t Symphonies, $n no. 9,
op. 95, $r E minor.
700 1 2 $i Container of (work): $a Dvořák, Antonín,
$d 1841-1904. $t Příroda, život a láska.
$p Karneval.
700 1 2 $i Container of (work): $a Smetana, Bedřich, $d 1824-1884. $t Prodaná
nevěsta. $p Ouvertura.
700 1 2 $i Container of (work): $a Weinberger, Jaromír, $d 1896-1967. $t Švanda
dudák. $p Jsem Ceský dudák. $k Selections.
40. In the bibliographic record
100 1 Brahms, Johannes, $d 1833-1897, $e composer.
240 10 Symphonies. $k Selections; $o arranged
245 10 Symphonien Nr. 3 und 4 : $b Arrangement für Klavier zu vier Händen =
Symphonies no. 3 and 4 : arrangement for piano four-hands / $c Johannes
Brahms ; edited by Robert Pascall ; fingering by Andreas Groethuysen.
700 12 $i Container of (expression) : $a Brahms, Johannes, $d 1833-1897. $t
Symphonies, $n no. 3, op. 90, $r F major; $o arranged.
700 12 $i Container of (expression) : $a Brahms, Johannes, $d 1833-1897. $t
Symphonies, $n no. 4, op. 98, $r E minor; $o arranged.
42. What’s the Difference?
Subject
What the resource is about
Genre/Form
What the resource is
All Images in this section: Images.google.com
Book
LP
Score
43. Definitions
Genre
A category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a particular
style, form, or content.
Jazz
Sonatas
Christmas music
Form
A category of works with a particular format or purpose.
Scores
Hymns
44. A Look Back…
Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH) first published in 1898
Mixes genre/form with subject headings
Concertos
Rock music
Suites $v Scores and parts
Issues
Principle of “literary warrant”
Pre-coordinated strings
No way to separate genre/form from subjects
Some headings used for both
Opera (subject) – Operas (genre)
45. … and Forward!
Library of Congress Genre/Form Terms for Library and Archival Materials (LCGFT)
Moving images, non-music sound recordings (“finished”)
Music (2009-2015)
Distinctive MARC coding (655)
Different structure
True thesaurus
Post-coordinated
Facets
46. Why Facets?
Definable aspects of an object
Music materials have LOTS of definable
aspects!
Form, Genre, Medium of Performance, Format,
Geographic, Language, Dates, Numeric
Designations, Key, Audience, Subject
Search precision
Commonly used beyond libraries
47. How it Looks in Practice
LCSH
650 _0 $a Sonatas (Flute and piano)
$v Scores and parts
LCGFT/LCMPT
655 _7 $a Sonatas. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $a Parts (Music) $2
lcgft
plus:
382 01 $a flute $n 1 $1 piano
$n 1 $s 2 $2 lcmpt
48. Do I Have to Assign Both?
YES! for now…
Assign BOTH LCSH and LCGFT (and LCMPT)
In the future
Plans for programmatic change to existing headings
Eventual cancellation of headings not appropriate for solely topical use
49. Where Do I Find the Lists?
Classification Web
PDF: www.loc.gov/aba/publications/FreeLCSH/GENRE.pdf
LC Authorities: authorities.loc.gov/
LC Linked Data Service: id.loc.gov
OCLC Connexion authority file
53. SHM Instruction Sheets
Assigning Music Subject Headings:
H 1916.3 General
H 1916.5 Jazz & Popular
H 1917 Ethnic, National & Religious
H 1917.5 Music Form/Genre: Medium of Performance
(H 2230 Visual Materials & Non-Music Sound Recordings)
Free-Floating Subdivisions
H 1160 Pattern Headings: Musical Compositions
H 1161 Pattern Headings: Musical Instruments
H 2075 Songs and Music
54. MARC Coding
MARC Value
Field tag 650
1st indicator blank
2nd indicator 0
$a Term
$v Form subdivision
$x General subdivision
$y Chronological subdivision
$z Geographical subdivision
55. Commonly-Expressed Concepts
Musical Form/Genre
Medium of Performance
Special Occasions
About a Topic/Person
Language of Vocal Text
Certain Liturgical Texts
Musical Style
Ethnic, National, Religious Groups
Presentation or Format
Geographic
Literature About Music or
Instructional Materials
56. Musical Form/Genre
Term appears as initial element
$a Symphonies
$a Drinking songs
Qualifiers added in some cases
Medium of performance, language, etc.
$a Variations (Piano, flute, violin, cello)
$a Songs, French
57. Medium of Performance
Instrumental, vocal, or other “performance forces”
Can appear as:
Heading itself
$a Piano music
Parenthetical qualifier
$a Suites (Orchestra)
After a connecting word
$a Songs (Low voice) with instrumental ensemble
Format subdivision for musical presentation
$v Vocal scores with piano
58. Special Occasions
Religious seasons
$a Lenten music
Holidays
$a Christmas music
Festivals
$a Reformation Festival music
Special events
$a Earth Day $v Songs and music
All images in this section: images.google.com
All clip art: office.com
59. About a Topic or Person
SHM H 2075 Free-floating “Songs and music”
Individual musical work or collection
$v Songs and music added to 6XX heading
650 _0 $a Planets $v Songs and music.
650 _0 $a Juliet (Fictitious character) $v Songs and music.
Dramatic or staged works
$v Drama added to 6XX heading
651 _0 $a Carthage (Extinct city) $v Drama.
600 10 $a Nixon, Richard M. $q (Richard Milhous), $d 1913-1994 $v Drama.
60. Texts
Language of Vocal Text
Inverted phrase heading
$a Folk songs, Scottish Gaelic
Not added to sacred songs; use 2nd heading
$a Sacred songs
$a Songs, German
Liturgical Texts
May have qualifier or subdivision for Psalm number
$a Magnificat (Music)
$a Psalms (Music) $v 150th Psalm
61. Musical Style – Jazz
SHM H 1916.5
Add geographic, chronological subdivisions if appropriate
$a Jazz $z Norway $y 2011-2020
Solo jazz
$a Guitar music (Jazz)
Solo instrument + jazz ensemble
$a Concertos (Saxophone with jazz ensemble)
Genre/style
$a Free jazz.
Songs performed in jazz style (by vocalist or vocal group)
$a Jazz vocals
62. Musical Style – Popular Music
SHM H 1916.5
Assign a specific style heading
$a Bluegrass music
$a Boogie woogie (Music)
When no specific style heading exists, use
$a Popular music
$a Popular instrumental music
Add geographic/chronological subdivisions if applicable
Not restricted to collections!
650 _0 $a Popular music $z Venezuela $y 1971-1980.
63. Ethnic, National, Religious Groups
SHM H 1917
A combination of headings are assigned as needed:
Ethnic or national group
Individual religious group
Genre, type, style of music
Place and language
64. Ethnic, National, Religious Groups: Ethnic or
National Group
Pattern: [ethnic or national group] $z [place] $v Music
American Indian music: assign a heading for the specific tribe
Don’t assign this type of heading to:
African American music
Exception: Assign when this is the stated focus of the resource
National groups in their own country
650 _0 $a Sami (European people) $z Norway $v Music.
650 _0 $a Lakota Indians $v Music.
650 _0 $a African Americans $v Music.
(for an anthology titled: “African American song”)
65. Ethnic, National, Religious Groups: Individual
Religious Groups
SHM H 1917
Assign a general heading
$a Shinto music
Assign a heading for the form/genre, if applicable
$a Hindu hymns
Add subdivisions, if appropriate
$a Buddhist music $z China.
66. Ethnic, National, Religious Groups: Genre,
Type, Style
SHM H 1917
Assign a general heading
$a Folk dance music
$a Patriotic music $z United States
Assign other headings as needed
$a Polkas
$a Accordion music
$a Drinking songs
67. Ethnic, National, Religious Groups: Place and
Language
SHM H 1917
National groups outside their own country
Assign headings to bring out both places
$a Swedish Americans $z Minnesota $v Music
$a Folk music $z Minnesota
$a Folk music $z Sweden
Language of text
Original language only, not translations
$a Hindu hymns, Sanskrit
Don’t use for headings that imply a national emphasis
$a Revolutionary ballads and songs
68. Instructional Materials
SHM H 1161, H 1160
Instrumental and/or vocal techniques, pedagogy
$a Piano $v Studies and exercises
$a Guitar $v Chord diagrams
Studies and exercises qualified by style
Add additional heading for the style + subdivision
$a Guitar $v Studies and exercises (Rock)
$a Rock music $x Instruction and study.
69. Texts
SHM H 2190 “Texts”
$v Texts
For use with “Vocal music” and specific types of vocal music
Used only for texts without the music
$a Children's songs $v Texts.
Not used for dramatic music (operas, etc.) – Use $v Librettos
$a Masques with music $v Librettos.
Religions, sects, Christian denominations
Use $v Texts with $x Liturgy or $x Rituals for official worship words/instructions
650 _0 $a Lutheran Church $x Liturgy $v Texts.
70. Pattern Headings (Subdivisions)
Standardized sets of topical and form subdivisions developed for use under particular
categories of subject headings
Avoids repetition in the list!
SHM H 1160 Musical Compositions
Operas
SHM H 1161 Musical Instruments
Piano; Clarinet; Violin
71. Geographic Subdivisions – Art Music
SHM H 1160 – Western art music
Use to bring out
Origin of music
Nationality of composers (collections only)
Topical material
Title: Music by Soviet composers
650 _0 $a Music $z Soviet Union $y 20th century.
72. Geographic Subdivisions – Popular Music
SHM H 1916.5
Styles that originated in the U.S. are not subdivided by $z United States
OK to subdivide by region, state, city
Affected style headings listed in H 1916.5 2.a.
650 _0 $a Jazz. (not: Jazz $z United States)
650 _0 $a Jazz $z Louisiana $z New Orleans.
73. Chronological Subdivisions – Art Music
SHM H 1160
Collections of musical works only!
Chronological focus stated in title/series
Don’t use after
--Hymns; --Music; --Musical settings; and --Songs and music
Title: Simply romantic piano
650 _0 $a Piano music $y 19th century.
74. Chronological Subdivisions – Popular Music
SHM H 1916.5 2.c.
Special chronological subdivisions for certain headings listed
Use instead of standard subdivisions (H 1160)
Dates represent when the music was popular
If unknown, date of composition/publication (written music) or recording
(performed music)
Requires more than two subdivisions? Omit!
650 _0 $a Country music $y 1961-1970.
75. Musical Presentation/Format
Subdivisions
SHM H 1160, List 1, Printed music
Add free-floating subdivisions to
Specific form/genre headings
Collective headings
650 _0 $a Jazz $v Fake books.
650 _0 $a Concertos (Piano) $v Solo with piano.
650 _0 $a Overtures $v Scores and parts.
76. Musical Presentation/Format
Subdivisions
Don’t add to
Headings for seasons, occasions, styles that don’t give a medium of performance
Smaller vocal forms, or for specific texts
Form subdivisions -Hymns; -Music; -Musical settings; -Songs and music
Listed vocal music forms/types with specific types of accompaniment or
unaccompanied
650 _0 $a Christmas music.
not
650 _0 $a Christmas music $v Scores
78. Overview
Joint project of LC PSD and MLA
Drawn from existing LCSH terms
New terms added to fill “gaps”
567 terms in the initial release
ca. 80 terms under discussion
Hierarchical structure
MARC 655 _7 with $2 lcgft
MUSIC
All images in this section: office.com
79. Resources
MLA LCGFT Best Practices
http://www.musiclibraryassoc.org/resource/resmgr/BCC
_Genre_Form_Task_Force/Hierarchy1506.pdf
LCGFT Hierarchical View
http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.musiclibraryassoc.org/re
source/resmgr/BCC_Genre_Form_Task_Force/Hierarchy
1506.pdf
MOUG LCMPT/LCGFT Training (2015)
http://slideplayer.com/slide/3548977/
81. “Top Terms”
Music
Accompaniments (Music)
Arrangements (Music)
Art music
Chants
Dramatic music
Folk music
Functional music
Glitch music
Humorous music
Medleys (Music)
Notated music
Popular music
Sacred music
Songs
Sound art
Teaching pieces (Music)
World music
82. Hierarchy – Functional music
Functional music
Dance music
Underground dance music
Dubstep (Music)
House music
Trance (House music)
Intelligent dance music
Jungle (Music)
Techno (Music)
Gabba (Music)
Trip-hop (Music)
Functional music
Acclamations (Music)
Background music
Camp songs
Campaign songs
Circus music
Dance music
Event music
Marches (Music)
Military music
Mission music
Motion picture music
Musical games
Production music
Radio music
Singing commercials
Television music
Work songs
83. Other Relevant Hierarchies
Sound recordings
Cover versions
Human sounds
Cheers
Recorded accompaniments
Remixes (Music)
Mashups (Music)
Samplers (Sound recordings)
Television soundtracks
Derivative works
Arrangements (Music)
Instructional and educational works
Master classes
Teaching pieces
Literature
Librettos
84. MARC Coding
MARC Value
Field tag 655
1st indicator blank
2nd indicator 7 (source of term recorded in $2)
$a Term
$2 lcgft
$3 Materials specified (optional)
85. Choice of Terms
Use the most specific term available
$a Symphonies
$a Lullabies
$a Progressive rock (Music)
not
$a Rock music
86. Choice of Terms
Use more than one term if needed
An anthology of popular and classical wedding songs:
$a Wedding music
$a Songs
$a Art music
$a Popular music
87. Choice of Terms
An Art Song:
$a Songs
$a Art music
A Popular Song:
$a Songs
$a Popular music
Add a term to denote hierarchy (if a term belongs to more
than one hierarchy)
88. Special Terms: Chamber Music
Use “Chamber music” for art music for 2 or more performers when there isn’t a more
specific term
Don’t use for large-scale ensembles or for solo performers
Title: Piece for string quartet
655 _7 $a Chamber music. $2 lcgft
89. Special Terms: Arrangements
Use “Arrangements (Music)” when the music is arranged from its original medium
Add a term for the original genre/form (if it still resembles the original)
Title: Concerto for violin and orchestra (accompaniment arranged for piano)
655 _7 $a Concertos. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $a Arrangements (Music) $2 lcgft
90. Special Terms: Excerpts
Use “Excerpts” when the resource contains only part of the work(s)
Add a term for the genre/form
Title: Singer’s anthology of opera arias
655 _7 $a Operas. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $a Excerpts. $2 lcgft
91. Scores
Assign an additional term for the format of the music
Score of a solo piano work:
655 _7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft
Score and a set of parts:
655 _7 $a Scores. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $a Parts (Music) $2 lcgft
92. Sound Recordings
No comparable set of format terms for sound recordings
Assign terms for types of sound recordings as appropriate
Title: Live at Red Rocks
655 _7 $a Alternative rock music. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $a Soul music. $2 lcgft
655 _7 $a Live sound recordings. $2 lcgft
94. Medium of Performance Note
Related to Work/Expression
“If recording medium of performance in a 382 field in a bibliographic record, record
the medium of performance corresponding to that particular expression.” (MLA Best
Practices)
500 note: Free text explanation of instrumentation/voices
382 note: Can code for numbers of performers, soloists, doubling instruments,
alternative instrumentation (repeatable)
97. Medium of Performance Note
245 10 Grand duo concertant : $b
pour piano et clarinette ou
violon, op. 48 / $c de C.M.
von Weber.
...
382 clarinet $n 1 $p violin $n 1
$a piano $n 1 $s 2
500 For clarinet and piano; also
arranged for violin and
piano.
Image from: IMSLP/Petrucci
98. Medium of Performance Note
245 10 Grand duo concertant : $b
pour piano et clarinette ou
violon, op. 48 / $c de C.M.
von Weber.
...
382 clarinet $n 1 $p violin $n 1 $a
piano $n 1 $s 2
500 For clarinet and piano; also
arranged for violin and
piano.
Image from: IMSLP/Petrucci
99. Medium of Performance Note
245 10 Grand duo concertant : $b
pour piano et clarinette ou
violon, op. 48 / $c de C.M.
von Weber.
...
382 clarinet $n 1 $p violin $n 1 $a
piano $n 1 $s 2
500 For clarinet and piano; also
arranged for violin and
piano.
Image from: IMSLP/Petrucci
100. Medium of Performance Note
245 10 Grand duo concertant : $b
pour piano et clarinette ou
violon, op. 48 / $c de C.M.
von Weber.
...
382 clarinet $n 1 $p violin $n 1 $a
piano $n 1 $s 2
500 For clarinet and piano; also
arranged for violin and
piano.
Image from: IMSLP/Petrucci
103. Dates, Dates, & MORE Dates!
SCORES
Date of composition
Publication
Distribution/Manufacture
Copyright
Copyright Renewal
AUDIO RECORDINGS
Issue (Publication)
Original issue
Distribution/Manufacture
Phonogram
Copyright
Capture of sound
All images in this section: office.com
104. Date of Composition
MARC 046
May be found on the
Title page - verso
Caption
Last page of music
On title page:
A reel of spindrift, sky
for orchestra (2011)
046 $k 2011
105. Publication Date
“A date associated with the publication, release, or issuing of a resource.” (RDA
2.8.6.1)
MARC 264 _1 $c
May not appear on resource
Estimate from other evidence (preface, external source)
Look on the title page, title page verso, first page of music, colophon
106. Distribution/Manufacture Date
Date of distribution
RDA 2.9.6
MARC 024 _2
Date of manufacture
RDA 2.10.6
MARC 024 _3
Optional
No longer “core if” when publication date is not present!
109. Copyright Renewal Date
AACR LCRI 1.4F6: "Ignore copyright
renewal dates for works first copyrighted
before 1978.”
MLA Best Practices:
“Do not transcribe a copyright renewal
date as the copyright date. Do not
transcribe a date of copyright transfer as
the copyright date. “
112. Dates Commercially Available
—Information drawn from Wikipedia and other sources
Year Format
1948 Vinyl record
1965 Audio cassettes
1982 Compact Disc
1991 MiniDisc
1996 DVD
1999 SACD
1999 Streaming Audio
2000 DVD-Audio
2004 DualDisc
2008 Blu-ray Audio
113. Issue Date
“Publication” date
Rarely present!
If not present, estimate date from
evidence, external sources
264 _1 … $c [1961]
source: http://www.globaldogproductions.info/h/holiday-inn.html
114. Original Issue Date
Sound recordings frequently reissued
Same or different media
Guidelines for re-issues differ from those for motion pictures/video
264 _1 … $c [2015] DtSt: r
264 _4 $c ℗1999 Dates: 2015, 1999
500 $a Originally issued as an analog disc (LP) in 1999.
115. Phonogram Date
Copyright for the sound on the recording
Precede date with symbol or spelled-out form
℗2014
phonogram 2014
264 _4 $c ℗2014
116. Date of Capture
MARC 518 – RDA 7.11
PCC-recommended for audio recordings
Formatted/unformatted options
Optionally, add coded form of date(s) in MARC 033
518 Subfield Description
a Unformatted (all data in single subfield)
d Date of Event
o Other Event Information
3 Materials Specified
117. Date of Capture - Examples
518 __ $o Recorded $d 2010 November 25-28 $p Christiansen Recital Hall, Concordia
College, Moorhead, Minnesota.
518 __ $3 Track 1 $o recorded live Brisbane $d 2008 July 27 $p ABC Ferrey Road
Studios.
033 00 20080727 $b 8964 $c B7
518 __ $a Recorded March 31-April 2, 2012 in Cork, Ireland. (unformatted 518)
118. Date Type, Date1, Date2
Date Type (DtSt) – 008/06
Categorizes the type of date present
Multiple codes may apply!
Consult Table of precedence
Determines data for Date1, Date2 (008/07-14)
119. Table of Precedence
Type of Date Description
r Reprint/Original Date
s Single Date
p Distribution/Production Date
t Publication and Copyright Date
q Questionable Date
Single Items or Multipart Items Complete in One Year
124. Lots of Numbers!
SCORES
Plate numbers
Publisher numbers
International Standard Music
Number
ISBN
AUDIO RECORDINGS
Issue numbers
UPC
EAN
ISBN
ISRC
Matrix numbers
125. MARC Fields
Identifier MARC21
ISBN 020
ISRC (International Standard Recording Code) 024 0_
UPC 024 1_
ISMN 024 2_
EAN (International Article Number) 024 3_
Issue Number 028 0_
Matrix Number 028 1_
Plate Number 028 2_
Publisher Number 028 3_
126. Identifier for the Manifestation
(RDA 2.15)
Core element
Any source
Prefer internationally recognized schemes
Record all standard numbers
Record number in its specified display format
(Not possible with MARC21)
127. ISBN (020) – UPC (024 1) – EAN (024 3)
Record ISBN without “ISBN” or hyphens
020 __ $a 9781490603377
UPC – 12 digits
024 1_ $a 885150337073
EAN – 13 digits
024 3_ $a 5412327920803
Record both UPC/EAN without spaces,
punctuation
images: images.google.com
128. ISMN (024 2)
Standard agency-assigned number (like an ISBN)
10 or 13 digits
10 digit: “M” + 8 digit number + 1 check digit
13 digit: “9790” + 8 digit number + 1 check digit
Record number without hyphens
024 2_ $a M041384696
024 2_ $a 9790215320703
129. Issue Number
Record (at minimum) the number as it
appears on the disc
Record other forms of the number
with qualification ($q)
Don’t record “DIDX” or LC 00…
numbers
Add label name in 028 $b
On disc: CDP 7 93693 2, LC0148
028 02 $a CDP 7 93693 2 $b Capitol
Records
130. Original Issue Number
Additional 028 field
Provide context in note/linking field
On disc: COL 47612-2
Other source: 7-63205
028 02 $a COL 47612-2 $b Columbia
028 00 $a 7-63205 $b Blue Horizon
500 $a Reissue of: Blue Horizon 7-63205.
131. Issue Numbers - Examples
028 02 8.557145 $b Naxos
028 02 COR16113 $b Coro $q (disc 1)
028 02 COR16114 $b Coro $q (disc 2)
(Each disc has a separate number)
028 02 CDH55463 $b Helios
028 00 CDA66994 $b Hyperion
(reissue; the 2nd 028 represents the original number and label information as given in the
accompanying booklet)
132. Plate Number (028 2)
“A numbering designation assigned to a resource by a music publisher. The number is
usually printed at the bottom of each page, and sometimes also appears on the title
page.” (RDA 2.15.3)
Record the number as it appears
May include initials, abbreviations, or words identifying a publisher
Ignore dashed on portion if it refers to number of pages
Add the publisher name in $b
133. Plate Number - Example
028 22 $a 20686 $b G. Schirmer
028 22 $a B. & H. 19269 $b Boosey & Hawkes
028 22 $a BCE 5 $b Ut Orpheus Edizioni $q (v. 27.1)
028 22 $a BCE 4 $b Ut Orpheus Edizioni $q (v. 11)
134. Publisher Number (028 3)
“A numbering designation assigned to a resource by a music
publisher, appearing normally only on the title page, the cover,
and/or the first page of music.” (RDA 2.15.2)
Record the number as it appears
May include initials, abbreviations, or words identifying the
publisher
Add the publisher name in $b
135. Publisher Number - Examples
028 32 $a A-1046 $b Akkord
028 32 $a BA 9432 $b Bärenreiter
028 32 $a WH31709 $b Edition Wilhelm Hansen $q (score)
028 32 $a 230913 $b Edition Wilhelm Hansen $q (parts)
136. Other Numbers
International Standard Recording Code (ISRC)
12 alpha-numeric characters denoting country, first owner, year of recording,
recording [track]
More common in streaming audio records
Matrix Numbers
Chiefly vinyl discs
Inscribed in “hub” of disc
137. Concluding Thoughts
Carefully examine a resource before cataloging
Consult RDA Toolkit, take what you see, provide core elements in records
When in doubt, refer to websites like Yale music cataloging, Grove online, LC
authorities, bibliographic formats, etc., for information and guidance
Consider subscribing to the MOUG listserv
139. Thank you!
Dr. Sonia Archer-Capuzzo, Cataloger & Lecturer
Mary Huismann, University of Minnesota
Editor's Notes
Searching OCLC – we’ll review some basics about searching, then move on to some tips for searching music materials.
First, some resources:
Searching WorldCat Indexes provides an in-depth guide to searching Connexion and WorldShare. The next two are self-explanatory: a “quick reference” and an outline of differences in searching Connexion and WorldShare.
Before beginning to search, three things to take into account:
Whether to choose search or browse – or, “precision vs serendipity”
Choosing a level of search – there are options from simple keyword to complex command line
Product differences – between the client & browser versions of Connexion and WorldShare
There are many types of searches available (I’ll mostly be talking about Connexion, which has more options).
Searches include Browse, derived, or command line. One can also search by word, phrase, or whole phrase; also number or number phrase.
Getting a good search result involves knowing the types of searches and the pros/cons of each.
The browse search scans an index and returns a list rather than records. The records are retrieved by selecting a list item. This is the search to use if you want to see context or similar items.
To search, enter a word or phrase preceded by “sca.” This is a left anchored, character-by-character search with automatic truncation.
Something to remember when using the scan title search: the title phrase index includes information from both the title and subtitle (MARC 245 $a & $b), while the title whole phrase index EXCLUDES the subtitle.
This search is not available in WorldShare.
These are screenshots of the search box (on the right) and results list (left). This particular search for “poldark television program” yielded 71 results!
Moving on to derived search. The derived search saves keystrokes – it uses patterns of initial letters separated by commas. The pattern determines the index that is searched. Qualifiers may be used; precede the qualifier with a forward slash.
This search is not available in WorldShare.
This table outlines the various derived searches. The index label is only required if it’s being combined with another search; otherwise just enter the number of initial letters and commas.
The example illustrates how the search would be used for searching this resource – qualifiers for “score” and the date are added to further refine the search.
Command line search provides the greatest amount of precision. Multiple indexes and qualifiers plus Boolean operators, truncation, and wildcards really help to narrow the search. Command line searching does require proper syntax and order – and you can get similar results using the “F2” search WorldCat box
The example shows use of some of the special features – a wildcard and multiple indexes. Just in case you can’t remember how “Beatles” is spelled, the wildcard covers it! The corporate name, title, and material type indexes are used.
Qualifiers may be added to the end of the index search, in any order. Qualifiers are preceded with “/” (not available in WorldShare)
To add to the search example from the previous slide, we’ll add qualifiers for format (“rec”), date, and the Library of Congress. This retrieves records for recordings of “Yellow submarine” by the Beatles issued in 1968 and cataloged by LC.
Note that this search ALSO retrieves some score, dvds, etc. either because of mis-coding or addition of SR 006
Don’t be alarmed by this slide - the “Magic F2 Box”
I call the F2 Search WorldCat box: The “lazy command line” or “magic F2 box” – there is so much that can be done here!
Starting at the top left and moving clockwise:
Command line search – manually type in the index labels, search terms, qualifiers OR use
Keyword/Numeric Search, the center part of the search box.
Check “Retain Search” to retain both the selected indexes and search terms
The first box icon allows customization of the order of the short default list of search indexes
The second box icon expands/collapses the list of indexes that appear in the keyword/numeric search
Qualifiers can be added from the drop-downs; for music, Format and Material Type are quite useful
Check Apply Lang. of Cataloging Limiter to restrict search results to records cataloged in a particular language (e.g., English)
Boolean operators may be applied from the drop-downs on the left.
When an index is selected, the proper index label is applied! Qualifiers can be chosen from the drop-downs
Checking “retain search” keeps the last search string, qualifiers
Next we’ll look at the word – phrase – whole phrase searches. Note that these can also be number searches. The key here is to get the punctuation correct!
the colon indicates a word or number phrase
the equals sign a phrase or number phrase with a single subfield
the “w:” searches a whole phrase within a field.
Note that no index label is required for directly searching an ISBN or an OCLC number (as long as it is preceded by * or #). Index labels are only required if using these in a command line search.
A chart of handy indexes for music materials.
The music publisher number is quite useful; the thing to remember is that the phrase version (mn=) requires exact spacing (mn: uses 2 initial letters, numbers without spaces)
The standard number index DOES include 028.
Entity attributes not available for WorldShare; this index includes several of the “new” RDA fields
Physical description covers only 300 $a
Use Cataloging source (add an OCLC symbol) to retrieve records from a particular library but note it ONLY searches $a
So, know your indexes! Use proper syntax, order, and qualifiers. Save your search preferences. To retrieve those (pesky) vendor records, use a standard number search (I use UPC/EAN rather than the music publisher number)
Search results are displayed based on the number of results. The view can be customized by resizing the columns or re-sorting the column data.
Fully RDA-cataloged records should be coded with Desc: i and 040 $e rda
Limit the search to RDA records by using the Description conventions index (dx:rda)
There are also “hybrid” RDA records – these records contain some RDA elements and conventions, but are not cataloged under RDA guidelines.
For these records, Desc is either “a” or blank and the 040 $e is not present. Refer to the OCLC RDA for further information.
What’s the “best” record? That will likely depend on your local needs. Records input or vetted by a national library or cooperative program are theoretically high-quality. You may decide to place priority on records from “trusted” libraries. Encoding level and number of holdings are also things to consider. Note that with batchloading, some “M” level records are actually better than some “I” level records! Finally, you may place priority on records cataloged with either RDA or AACR2.
Subject – Genre – Form: what’s the difference?
Subject is what the resource is ABOUT (like the book: Opera studies – about opera)
Genre/Form is what the resource IS (like the score and LP)
A genre is a category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content.
A form is a category of works with a particular format or purpose
LCSH first published in 1898; other libraries began contributing in 1988. SACO was launched in 1995. Subfield v implemented in 1999 and LC G/F projects began in 2007
Issues with LCSH:
principle of “literary warrant” means headings aren’t established until needed
headings are often pre-coordinated strings
there is no way to separate genre/form from subjects
and, some headings are used for both, in slightly different forms
G/F initiatives began in 2007. Early projects included moving images, non-music sound recordings. Work on the music LCGFT project began in 2009, with the initial list of 567 terms issued in 2015.
The move to LCGFT offers an opportunity for distinctive MARC coding (655) with designation of the source of the term.
LCGFT was designed as a true thesaurus – every term belongs to a hierarchy. Terms are designed for post-coordination. Each term represents a single facet, and is theoretically easier for current discovery systems to digest.
A quick comparison of LCSH with LCGFT (and LCMPT, which will be covered later).
In LCSH, all aspects are put together in a single string of information.
With LCGFT/LCMPT, each facet is placed in a single MARC field – 655 for form/genre, and 382 for medium of performance.
So the question is…”do I have to assign both?” And the answer is, “Yes, for now.” For the forseeable future, LCSH will continue to be assigned alongside LCGFT/LCMPT.
There are plans in the works to provide programmatic changes to existing headings in the authority file. At some point, LC will cancel headings that are not appropriate for solely topical use.
The vocabularies of both LCSH and LCGFT are freely available at these sources
Person – broadly defined to include “named entities”
The Trojans / Berlioz
Nixon in China / Adams
Language not added to sacred songs or part-songs
Qualifier (Music) to distinguish it from the text
Subdivisions not restricted to collections (differs from Art music)
Heading does not need to include $z if unknown or if it is part of a qualifier for the group (e.g., (African people))
2nd example: Lakota Indians rather than Indians of North America
3rd example: Sami found in Russia, Finland, Norway, Sweden – OK to add geographic subdivision.
Topical material – music “about” a place
Subdivision order: topical, geographic, chronological, and form
Graphic: Visualization from id.loc.gov
One alphabetical listing (sub terms shown in right column)
Coding info can be found on OCLC’s bibliographic formats website.
Here you can see how the primary instruments are coded in the a subfield in the 382 medium of performance field.
The alternate instrument, violin, is in the p subfield.
The number of each instrument is in the n subfield. The total number of instruments for which the piece is written is in the s subfield.
There any many types of dates associated with music materials…
We’ll look at dates associated with printed music first. The date of composition occasionally appears on the title page, verso, caption or last page of music. The year(s) of composition may be recorded in MARC 046.
Publication Dates are associated with publication of a resource; if the resource is unpublished, then Date of Production (RDA 2.7) must be used.
For music, it’s bonus if the publication date appears! Usually it does not, so you have to estimate a date from the other evidence present.
Dates of distribution or manufacture may also be present. These are no longer “core if” when publication date is not present!
Copyright Date is also no longer “core if”
The copyright date cannot be substituted for a publication date, but can be used to infer a publication date.
The date should be preceded by the symbol or spelled out form. Record copyright dates for notated music, and phonogram dates for audio recordings. (The phonogram date is preferred for audio recordings because it is the copyright for the recorded sound).
Only the latest date needs to be recorded, however if there are copyright dates covering multiple aspects, the latest of each may be recorded. Use a single 264 field, separate $c’s separated by a comma.
Only the latest date needs to be recorded, however if there are copyright dates covering multiple aspects, the latest of each may be recorded. Use a single 264 field, separate $c’s separated by a comma.
The final example gives 2 copyright dates – one for music, the other for artwork (sheet music, where artwork is deemed important)
There was an LCRI covering these – but not in RDA. cf MLA BP
Read slide
Read slide
Shifting gears to sound recordings…keep in mind these dates. Can’t have publication dates earlier than in chart!
The issue date corresponds to “publication” date. Unfortunately, it’s rarely present! The date must then be estimated from the available evidence or external sources.
In this particular example, “Rimshot Pt. 1” The Roller Coasters – no date on label, container; need to consult external source. The web discography offers no date, either, but addtional research indicates this was the first release for Holiday Inn Records, in 1961. If unsure of date after research, add ? to the bracketed date.
Sound recordings are frequently reissued, either as a whole or in bits and pieces, on the same or different media.
Note that the guidelines for considering a resource a reissue differ from those for motion pictures/video!
The original issue date is reflected in the fixed field (Date2) and note field.
Phonogram dates signify copyright for the sound on the recording.
Precede the date with the phonogram symbol or spelled-out form.
The place and date of recording for audio recordings should be recorded in a formatted 518 field. (The unformatted 518 with all information in a single $a may still be used).
Some of this information may also be entered in coded form in an 033 field.
PCC recommends recording this element for both audio and moving image resources.
The first example illustrates a formatted 518 field: $o for the introductory word, $d for the date, in the Year-Month-Day format, and $p for the place of recording.
The second example adds the $3 to specify that track 1 was recorded at this date and place, plus an example of the 033 field. The values for $b and $c are taken from the LC Classification schedule G (minus the class letter “G”)
Finally, the third example is an unformatted 518 where all information is recorded in a single $a.
In the fixed field (008) there is a code for the type of date and a place to record 2 dates associated with the resource.
Date type specifies the type of date that is present/recorded. Multiple codes may apply, so a table of precedence needs to be consulted. It’s important to get this coded correctly
The table of precedence for dates in OCLC’s Bib Formats & Standards is quite useful: use this table to determine which value to use for Type of Date if more than one code applies.
Code r trumps all – if it’s a reissue, use code r
Code 2 is used only when a single date is all you have (e.g., publication date only, no copyright date)
Code p is used when the production date (e.g., date of recording of sound) differs from the publication/distribution date
Code t is used when both publication and copyright dates are recorded (t is used even if both of the dates are the same)
Code q is used when a range of years is recorded in 264 $c (e.g., between one date and another date)
Some common situations…
A CD by the Anonymous 4 containing selections all previously released.
Issue Date: not present
Phonogram Date
Copyright for the sound
Record as ℗ or “phonogram” (not “p”)
Copyright Date
Often refers to container artwork, etc.
Can be used to infer publication date
Recording Date
Date of recording of sound
Reissue from multiple sources, give date of earliest in Date2 (Weitz Music Coding and Tagging, 2nd ed.)
No issue date given, approximate from the evidence
Record latest phonogram date in 264 _4 per BP; also copyright date if deemed important
There are lots of numbers associated with music materials!
A summary of identifiers for audio recordings. We’ll look at a few of the more common ones.
Numbers fall under “Identifier for the manifestation” (RDA 2.15) which is a core element. Numbers can be taken from any source.
Numbers from internationally recognized schemes are preferred; it’s a good practice to record all standard numbers whenever possible.
RDA instructs recording numbers in their scheme’s specified display format, however that doesn’t work with MARC21
Finally, it’s not necessary to record any “DIDX” or “LC-in-the-bullet” numbers found on audio recordings – these numbers refer to the manufacturing process and have no bibliographical significance.
ISBN numbers are recorded without the leading “ISBN” or hyphens
UPCs have 12 digits; additional digits entered in $d (usually refer to pricing). Record without spaces or hyphens
EANs have 13 digits; record without spaces or hyphens
The International Standard Music Number is a standard agency-assigned number like an ISBN.
ISMNs are either 10 or 13 digits. The number is recorded without hyphens.
Issue numbers are equivalent to publisher numbers for sound recordings.
Record the number as it appears on the disc, and other versions or numbers that appear elsewhere. Use a qualifier in $q to note where the number is found.
Don’t record “DIDX” and “LC0000” (with a circle around the LC) numbers; these appear to have no bibliographic significance (cf J. Weitz) – do not include in 028. The LC number is not to be confused with an LCCN.
In the MARC 028 field, the label name (not the publisher name) is given in $b.
In this example, an issue number and an “LC” are present on the disc. Only the issue number is recorded.
Reissues often include the original issue number. When this information is present or known, it can be added in an additional 028 field. If desired, provide context in a note or a linking field as is shown in the example.
More common examples:
The first examples shows a straightforward issue number (include internal punctuation)
The second example uses qualifiers to give the location of the number.
The third examples shows a reissue with both an issue number and an original issue number.
Plate numbers are found (usually) at the bottom of a page of printed music. These numbers were used to identify a particular printing plate used in production, and can be used in some cases to estimate a date of publication.
The number is recorded as it appears; it may include initials, abbreviations or words indentifying a publisher. If there’s a “dashed-on” number at the end that corresponds to the number of pages, that part may be omitted. The publisher name is given in $b.
Some common situations:
a straightforward plate number and publisher name
uses punctuation and internal spacing as found
uses qualifiers to denote which volumes the numbers appear on
Publisher numbers are to scores as issue numbers are to sound recordings. Again, record the number as it appears and give the publisher name in $b
Examples – the 3rd example has different numbers on the score and the set of parts
Two other numbers of note:
The International Standard Recording Code (ISRC) is a 12-digit alpha-numeric code denoting information about the country of issue, first owner, year of recording and track information. Not commonly found, but becoming more frequent in streaming audio records.
Matrix numbers are numbers inscribed in the hub of chiefly vinyl discs. Matrix numbers contain information about the recording production/session and can be useful for estimating dates.