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Semiconductor
- 1. NAME:-SURAJ KUMAR ROLL NO:-BTECH 44/13 Crystal, Semiconductor Process Technology
- 2. CZOCHRALSKI CRYSTAL GROWTH Name:-JAN CZOCHRALSKI Year:-1918 Use:-To obtain single crystal of semiconductor . Eg - Si, Ge, Ag, Au. BRIDGMAN CRYSTAL GROWTH Name:-PERCY WILLIAMS BRIDGMAN Year:-1925 Use:-extensively for the growth of gallium arsenide and related compound semiconductor crystal.6
- 3. DIFFUSION Name:-WILLIAM G.PFANN Year:-1952 Use:-diffusion of impurity atom in semiconductor. LITOGRAPHIC PHOTORESIST Name:-ANDRUS Year:-1957 Use:-increase in density of devices and integrated circuit.
- 4. OXIDE MASKING METHOD Name:- Carl Frosch and Lincoln Derick Year:-1957 Use:-oxide layer can prevent most impurity atoms from diffusing through it. HYBRID INTEGRATED CIRCUIT Name:-JACK KILBY Year:-1959 Use:-in various electronic equipments.Eg- mobiles,computers,digital home appliences.
- 5. MONOLITHIC INTEGRATED CIRCUIT Name:-ROBERT NOYCE Year:-1959 Use:- aluminum metallization PLANAR PROCESS Name:-HOERNI Year:-1960 Use:-primary process by rich modern ICs are build
- 6. Transferred Electron Diode Name:- J.B .Gunn Year:-1963 Use:-detection system, remote controls, microwave test instruments. IMPATT Diode Name:-Ralph L. Johnston Year:-1965 Use:-used as radar and alarm system, it can generate the highest continuous-wave(CW).
- 7. CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) Name:-FRANK WANLASS&SAH Year:-1963 Use:-Stores the basic input/output system, or BIOS, settings of the computer. DRAM(Dynamic Random Acess Memory) Name:-ROBERT H. DENNARD Year:-1967 Use:-used for data or program code that a computer processor needs to function.
- 8. NVSM(Nonvolatile semiconductor Memory) Name:- Kahvg and SZE Year:-1967 Use:-refer the information when the power supply is switched off. POLYSILICON SELF-ALIGNED GATE Name:-Kerwin ,Klein &Sarac Year:-1969 Use:-as a mask for the doping of the source and drain regions.
- 9. MOCVD(Metal Organic Vapors Deposition) Name:-Manasevit & Simpson Year:-1969 Use:- produce single or polycrystalline thin films. CCD(Chang Coupled Device) Name:-Boyle And Amith Year:-1970 Use:-used in videos cameras and in optical sensing applications.
- 10. Microprocessor(4004) Name:-Hoffetal. Year:-1971 Use:- Incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC). RTD( Resonant Tunneling Diode) Name:-Chawg Year:-1974 Use:-used for most quantum effect devices which offer internally high density,ultraspeed and enhanced functionality.
- 11. SINGLE CRYSTAL • A single crystal is a material in which the crystal lattice is continuous throughout. • Atoms are oriented in one direction. • They are anisotropic. • Infinite periodicity. USES :- • In fabrication of semiconductors. • Used for lasers and non linear optics.(sapphire), • Used in the objective lenses.(fluorite).
- 12. POLYCRYSTAL • Aggregate of several crystals or grains. • All single crystal have different orientation. • They are anisotropic and isotropic in nature, • Atomic structure has long-range order. USES:- • Manufacturing of solar cell.
- 13. AMORPHOUS SOLID • Don't have definite geometrical shape. • They have no long range order. • Isotropic in nature. USES:- • a-Si solar cells. • thin-film silicon solar cells.