CE6451 - FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY UNIT - IV NOTES

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R.M.K COLLEGE OF ENGG AND TECH / AQ / R2013/ CE6451 / III / MECH / JUNE 2015 – NOV 2015
CE6451 – FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY QUESTION BANK by ASHOK KUMAR.R (AP / Mech) 59
UNIT – IV – PUMPS
PART - A
4.1) Define centrifugal pump.
4.2) Mention the main parts of the Centrifugal pump. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.3) How centrifugal pumps are classified based on casing? [AU, May / June - 2006]
4.4) Define impeller.
4.5) Define casing.
4.6) List the commonly used casings in centrifugal pumps. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.7) What is the role of a volute chamber of a centrifugal pump?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
4.8) What precautions are to be taken while starting and closing the centrifugal pump?
[AU, May / June - 2012]
4.9) Define priming of centrifugal pump.
4.10) What is priming? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.11) Why priming is necessary in a centrifugal pump?
[AU, May / June - 2007, April / May - 2010]
4.12) What is meant by priming of pumps? [AU, April / May - 2008]
4.13) What is priming? Why is it necessary? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.14) Define cavitation. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.15) Define cavitation in a pump. [AU, May / June - 2007]
4.16) What is the effect of cavitation in pump? [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.17) What are the effects of cavitation? Give necessary precautions against
cavitations? [AU, May / June - 2012]
4.18) What is cavitation? What causes it? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.19) Define the characteristic curves of centrifugal pump.
4.20) List out the types of characteristic curves.
4.21) What are operating characteristics curves of centrifugal pump?
[AU, April / May - 2015]
4.22) Define multistage centrifugal pump and give its function.
4.23) List the losses in centrifugal pump. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]

4.24) What are the advantages of centrifugal pump over reciprocating pumps?
[AU, May / June - 2009]
4.25) Tabulate the causes and remedies for a centrifugal pump, when pump fails to
pump the fluid. [AU, April / May - 2015]
4.26) What is a delivery pipe?
4.27) Define manometric efficiency and mechanical efficiency of a centrifugal pump.
4.28) What is the maximum theoretical suction head possible for a centrifugal pump?
4.29) Define suction head and manometric head of a centrifugal pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.30) Define - manometric head and write its mathematical equation.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.31) Define ‘Net Positive Suction Head’ [AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.32) What do you mean by ‘Net Positive Suction Head’ (NPSH)?
[AU, May / June - 2014]
4.33) What is meant by NPSH? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.34) How does the specific speed of a centrifugal pump differ from that of a turbine?
4.35) Write the equation for specific speed for pumps and also for turbine.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
4.36) Define specific speed as applied to pumps. [AU, May / June - 2009]
4.37) Define specific speed. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.38) What is specific speed of a pump? How are pumps classified based on this
number? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.39) Give examples of machines handling gases with high pressure rise.
4.40) What do you mean by manometric efficiency and mechanical efficiency of a
centrifugal pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.41) Define pump.
4.42) What is the principle of pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.43) Give the classification of pumps.
4.44) What is a positive displacement pump?
4.45) Define non - positive displacement pump (or) roto dynamic pump.

4.46) List the types of positive displacement pumps.
4.47) Under what conditions would you suggest use of double-suction pump and a
multistage pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.48) What are roto dynamic pumps? Give examples. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.49) List the types of roto dynamic pumps.
4.50) What is a reciprocating pump?
4.51) Why the reciprocating pump is called a positive displacement pump?
4.52) How are reciprocating pumps classified? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.53) What are the materials used for manufacturing reciprocating pumps?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.54) Define a single acting reciprocating pump.
4.55) Define a double acting reciprocating pump.
4.56) Brief the working of double acting reciprocating pump.
4.57) List the advantages of double acting reciprocating pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.58) When will you select a reciprocating pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
4.59) Draw the relationship between discharge and crank angle for a single acting
pump. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.60) What is the function of non – return valve in a reciprocating pump?
[AU, May / June - 2012]
4.61) Distinguish between centrifugal pump and reciprocating pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2005, 2012]
4.62) Mention the significance of 'back leakage'. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.63) Define slip of a reciprocating pump. What is negative slip? When does negative
slip occur?
4.64) Define slip of reciprocating pump. [AU, April / May - 2010, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.65) When does negative slip occur? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.66) What is negative slip in a reciprocating pump? What are the causes for it?
[AU, May / June - 2013]
4.67) Define slip of a pump. When does negative slip occur? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2003]

4.68) Define slip and percentage of slip of a reciprocating pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2008, 2010]
4.69) Define slip, negative slip in reciprocating pump. [AU, May / June - 2014]
4.70) Define slip and percentage slip. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.71) What is the % of slip in reciprocating pump? [AU, May / June– 2012]
4.72) Discuss – slip and volumetric efficiency. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.73) Define slip in reciprocating machines. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.74) Distinguish between pumps in series and pumps in parallel.
4.75) What is percentage slip in reciprocating pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
4.76) Can actual discharge be greater than theoretical discharge in a reciprocating
pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.77) Which factors determine the maximum speed of reciprocating pump?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.78) What factors govern the speed of reciprocating pump?
[AU, May / June - 2012]
4.79) Define co-efficient of discharge.
4.80) Brief on acceleration head. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.81) Define rotary pump.
4.82) What are rotary pumps? Give examples [AU, April / May - 2003]
4.83) What is a rotary pump? Give its classification. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.84) Define gear pump.
4.85) What is an air vessel?
4.86) What is the function of air vessel?
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2008, May / June - 2009, April / May - 2010]
4.87) What is an air vessel in reciprocating pump? [AU, May / June - 2006]
4.88) Mention the working principle of an Air-vessel. [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.89) What is an air vessel? List the objectives that would be fulfilled by the use of air
vessels. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.90) What is an air vessel? What are its uses? [AU, May / June - 2012]
4.91) What are the uses of air vessels? [AU, May / June - 2014]
4.92) What are the advantages of air vessel? [AU, May / June - 2013]

4.93) State the advantages of fitting air vessels in reciprocating pumps.
[AU, May / June - 2009]
4.94) Define indicator diagram. State its uses. [AU, May / June, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.95) What is indicator diagram? [AU, May / June - 2009]
4.96) Draw the ideal indicator diagram. [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.97) Write down the formula for discharge, work done and power required for a double
acting reciprocating pump.
4.98) What is the main difference between a single acting and double acting
reciprocating pump?
4.99) Give the types of rotary pumps.
4.100) What is the formula for work done by a reciprocating pump?
4.101) Give the formula for discharge through a double acting reciprocating pump.
4.102) A single acting reciprocating pump, running at 50rpm. The diameter of piston =
20cm and length = 40cm. Find the theoretical discharge of the pump.
4.103) A centrifugal pump delivers 20 litres/s of water against a head of 850 mm at 900
rpm. Find the specific speed of pump. [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.104) The following data refer to a centrifugal pump which is designed to run at 1500
rpm. D1
= 100 mm, D2
= 300 mm, B1
= 50 mm, B2
= 20 mm, Vf1
= 3 m/s. Find the
velocity of flow at outlet. [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.105) A pump is to discharge 0.82 m3/s at a head of 42 m when running at 300 rpm.
What type of pump will be required? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
PART - B
4.106) Draw typical velocity triangles for fluid motion along a series of moving curve
vanes and derive Euler’s equation of energy transfer. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.107) Explain the construction and working of a centrifugal pump with a neat sketch.
4.108) Explain the operation of centrifugal pump with the help of a neat sketch. Write
short notes on different types of casing used in centrifugal pumps.
[AU, May / June - 2007]
4.109) What is the role of volute chamber of a centrifugal pump? Define manometric
head. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]

4.110) Sketch and briefly describe the volute diffusion type pumps. What function is
served by volute chamber in a centrifugal pump? [AU, May / June - 2012]
4.111) Compare the advantages and disadvantages of centrifugal, submersible and jet
pumps. [AU, April / May - 2008]
4.112) What is priming in a centrifugal pump? Why is it necessary?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2005]
4.113) Obtain the expression for work done by impeller of a centrifugal pump on water
per second per unit weight of water. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2008, May / June - 2009]
4.114) Describe multi-stage pump with impeller in series and impellers in parallel.
[AU, May / June - 2014]
4.115) Define the manometric efficiency of a centrifugal pump?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
4.116) Define cavitation and discuss its causes, effects and prevention.
4.117) Define cavitation. What are the effects of cavitation? Give the necessary
precaution against cavitation. [AU, May / June – 2009, 2014]
4.118) Define cavitation and explain the various effects of cavitation.
4.119) Draw the velocity triangle for a centrifugal pump and obtain the expression for
the work done. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.120) What is specific speed of pump?
[AU, April / May – 2004, May / June - 2009]
4.121) Define speed of a centrifugal pump. How does it differ from that of turbine?
[AU, May / June– 2007, 2012]
4.122) State the expression for the specific speed of a pump. What is its use?
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, 2012]
4.123) What do you understand by characteristics curves of a centrifugal pump? Explain
them with neat sketches. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.124) Explain in detail about the performance curves for pumps and turbines.
4.125) Determine the minimum speed for starting a centrifugal pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]

4.126) Explain briefly the following efficiencies of a centrifugal pump (i) Manometric
efficiency (ii) Volumetric efficiency [AU, May / June - 2014]
4.127) Discuss - characteristics of centrifugal pump at constant speed.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.128) Explain the characteristics curves of a centrifugal pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.129) Discuss on the performance characteristics of centrifugal pumps.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.130) Explain about the performance characteristics of centrifugal pumps.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.131) Define specific speed of a centrifugal pump. Derive expression for the same in
the terms of head ‘H’, discharge ‘Q’ and speed ‘N’ [AU, May / June - 2007]
4.132) Enumerate the losses that occur during the operation of the centrifugal pump.
[AU, May / June - 2009]
4.133) Distinguish between roto dynamic pump and positive displacement pump with
simple sketch. [AU, April / May - 2005]
4.134) How rotary pumps are classified. Explain the working principles of any one type
of rotary pump with the aid of a neat sketch.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2008, May / June– 2012]
4.135) Discuss the working of rotary positive displacement pumps.
4.136) Discuss in detail about rotary positive displacement pumps.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.137) With neat sketches, discuss about the rotary positive displacement pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.138) With an example, explain in detail the working principle and construction of
rotary pumps with neat diagram. [AU, May / June - 2012]
4.139) Classify pumps. Explain the working of double acting reciprocating pump with
a neat diagram. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009, April / May - 2010]
4.140) Discuss on the cascade theory. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.141) Describe the working and principles of a reciprocating pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2005, April / May - 2011]

4.142) What is a reciprocating pump? Describe the principle and working of a
reciprocating pump with a neat sketch.
4.143) Draw a neat sketch of reciprocating pumps. List the components and briefly
explain their functions. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2003]
4.144) Describe the principle and working of a reciprocating pump with a neat sketch.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.145) Explain the working principle of reciprocating pump with neat sketch.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.146) Explain the working principle of a reciprocating pump with neat diagram in
detail and state its advantages and disadvantages over centrifugal pump.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
4.147) Explain with a neat sketch the working of single – acting reciprocating pump.
Also obtain the expression for weight of water delivers by the pump per second.
4.148) With a neat sketch explain the working of double acting reciprocating pump with
its performance characteristics. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.149) Derive an expression for acceleration head developed in a reciprocating pump.
4.150) Explain the working principle of single and double acting reciprocating pumps
with neat diagram in detail. Also explain the effects of inertia pressure and friction
on the performance of the pump using indicator diagrams with and without air
vessel. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.151) Sketch and describe the working principle of double acting reciprocating pump
with indicator diagram. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.152) Differentiate between single acting and double acting pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.153) Discuss on the following: Working of double acting pump, indicator diagram,
acceleration head, friction head. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.154) Define indicator diagram. Prove that the area of the indicator diagram is
proportional to the work done by the reciprocating pump. [AU, May / June - 2014]
4.155) Prove that work done by the pump is proportional to the area of the indicator
diagram. [AU, May / June - 2009]

4.156) Show that the work done by a reciprocating pump is equal to the area of the
indicator diagram. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009, April / May - 2010]
4.157) Write briefly on the following.
 Rotary pumps and their classifications.
 Indicator diagram for reciprocating pump. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.158) Define slip, percentage slip and negative slip of a reciprocating pump.
[AU, May / June - 2009]
4.159) Define: slope, % of slip and negative slop with respect to reciprocating pump.
[AU, May / June - 2009]
4.160) Define % of slip and indicator diagram, with respect to reciprocating pump.
[AU, May / June - 2007]
4.161) What is % of slip in reciprocating pump? [AU, April / May - 2010]
4.162) What is an air vessel? Describe the function of the air vessel for reciprocating
pumps.
4.163) What is an air vessel? What are the uses/advantages of fitting air vessel in a
reciprocating pump? [AU, May / June - 2007]
4.164) What is air vessel and write the expression for work done by reciprocating pump
fitted with air vessel. [AU, April / May - 2005]
4.165) What is an air vessel? Derive the expression for the percentage work saved by
using an air vessel. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.166) What is an air vessel? What are the advantages of fitting air vessel in a
reciprocating pump? [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.167) Calculate the work saved by fitting an air vessel for a double acting single
cylinder reciprocating pump. [AU, April / May – 2008, May / June - 2013]
4.168) Describe the function of the air vessel.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008, May / June– 2012]
4.169) What are the functions of air vessel in a positive displacement pump?
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.170) Explain in detail about the concept of pressure vessels with its characteristics.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]

4.171) Determine the % of work saved in one cycle when air vessel is provided on the
delivery side of a single cylinder single acting reciprocating pump.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
4.172) Explain the various types of rotary pumps with its construction details and its
applications. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.173) Explain the working principle of Gear pump with neat sketch.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.174) With a neat sketch, explain the working of a gear pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.175) Explain the construction and working of the following rotary pumps with neat
sketches. (a) Gear pump (b) Vane pump
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, May / June - 2014]
4.176) Explain in detail the working principle and construction of rotary pumps with
neat sketch. [AU, May / June - 2013]
4.177) Explain the working of the following pumps with the help of neat sketches and
mention two applications of each.
(i) External gear pump (ii) Lobe pump (iii) Vane pump (iv) Screw pump.
4.178) Write a short note on following types of rotary pumps:
(i) Internal gear pump (ii) External gear pump
(iii) Vane pump (iv) Root pump [AU, April / May - 2015]
4.179) Discuss the working of Lobe and vane pumps. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.180) Explain in detail the working of a gear pump with a neat sketch.
[AU, April / May, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.181) Explain the working of vane pump with neat diagram.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
4.182) Discuss briefly the working principle of vane pump with a schematic diagram.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.183) Explain the working principle of screw pump and gear pump with neat diagram
in detail. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.184) Draw and explain the indicator diagram for a reciprocating pump including the
effect of friction and acceleration.

4.185) Derive an expression for the percentage work saved by using an air vessel with
(i) single acting and (ii) double acting reciprocating pump.
PROBLEMS
4.186) A centrifugal pump is provided at a height of 5m above the sump water level and
the outlet of the delivery pipe is 10m above the sump. The vane angle at outlet is
50°. The velocity of flow through the impeller is constant at 1.6m/s. Find :
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
 The pressure head at inlet to the wheel
 The pressure head at outlet of the wheel. Assume that the velocity of water
in the pipes is equal to the velocity of flow through the impeller. Ignore
losses
4.187) The following observations are made while conducting a performance test on
centrifugal pump. Determine the overall efficiency of the pump. Discharge of water
is 1.8m3
/s. Diameter of suction and delivery pipe are 15cm and 10cm respectively.
The suction and delivery gauge readings are 25cm of mercury and 175 kN/m2
respectively. The height of delivery gauge over suction gauge is 0.5m. The output
of driving motor is 9.555kW. [AU, April / May - 2005]
4.188) The head — discharge characteristics of a centrifugal pump is given below.
The pump delivers fresh water through a 500 m long, 15 cm diameter pipe line having
friction coefficient of f = 0.025. The static lift is 15 m. Neglecting minor losses in
the pipe flow, find (i) the discharge of the pump under the above conditions (ii)
driving power of the pump motor. Assume a pump efficiency of 72%.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.189) The internal and external diameters of the impeller of a centrifugal pump are
200mm and 400mm respectively. The pump is running at 1200 rpm. The vane angles
of the impeller at inlet and outlet are 20°and 30° respectively. The water enters the

impeller radically and the velocity of flow is constant. Determine the work done by
the impeller per unit weight of water. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2008, 2012]
4.190) The internal and external diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump which is
running at 1000 r.p.m, are 200 mm and 400 mm respectively. The discharge through
pump is 0.04 m3/s and velocity of flow is constant and equal to 2.0 d s . The
diameters of the suction and delivery pipes are 150mm and 100mm respectively and
suction and delivery heads are 6 m (abs.) and 30 m (abs.) of water respectively. If
the outlet vane angle is 45º and power required to drive the pump is 16.186 kW,
determine:
(i) Vane angle of the impeller at inlet,
(ii) The overall efficiency of the pump, and
(iii) Manometric efficiency of the pump. [AU, May / June - 2013]
4.191) A centrifugal pump with backward-curved blades has the following measured
performance when tested with water at 20°C :
Estimate the best efficiency point and the maximum efficiency. Also, estimate the most
efficient flow rate, and the resulting head and brake power, if the diameter is doubled
and the rotation speed is increased by 50%. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.192) The impeller of a centrifugal pump is 300mm outside diameter and 150mm
inside diameter. The impeller vane angles are 30° and 25° at the inner and outer
peripheries respectively and the speed is 1450rpm. The velocity of the flow through
the impeller is constant. Find the work done by the impeller per N of water.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.193) A centrifugal pump running at 800rpm is working against a total head of 20.2m.
The external diameter of impeller is 480mm and the outlet width is 60mm. If the
vane angle at outlet is 40° and manometric efficiency is 70%, determine
 Flow velocity at outlet
 Absolute velocity of water leaving the vane
 Angle made by the absolute velocity at outlet with direction of motion

 Rate of flow through the pump
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2009, April / May - 2010]
4.194) A centrifugal pump running at 1440rpm has an impeller diameter of 0.42m. The
backward curved blade outlet angle is 35° to the tangent. The flow velocity at outlet
is 10m/s. Determine the static head through which water will be lifted. In case a
diffuser reduces the outlet velocity to 40% of the velocity at the impeller outlet, what
will increase in the static head? [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.195) The dimensionless specific speed of a centrifugal pump is 0.06. Static head is 32
m. Flow rate is 50 1/s. The suction and delivery pipes are each of diameter 15 cm.
The friction factor is 0.02. Total length is 60 m other losses equal 4 times the velocity
head in the pipe. The vanes are forward curved at 120º. The width is one tenth of the
diameter. There is a 7% reduction in flow area due to the blade thickness. The
manometric efficiency is 80%. Determine the impeller diameter if inlet is radial.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.196) A centrifugal pump running at 1200rpm has a discharge of 13m3
/min. The pump
has manometric efficiency of 85% and working against a head of 22m. The impeller
has an outlet vane angle of 40º. If the velocity of the flow at the outlet is 2.6m/s.
Determine the diameter of the impeller and width of the impeller at the outlet.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2012]
4.197) A centrifugal pump running at 920 rpm and delivering 0.32 m3
/s of water against
a head of 28 m, the flow velocity being 3 m/s. If the manometric efficiency is 80%
determine the diameter and width of the impeller. The blade angle at outlet is 25º.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.198) A centrifugal pump is to discharge 0.12 m3
/s at a speed of 1400rpm with a head
of 30m. The impeller diameter is 275mm, its width at outlet is 50mm. The
manometric efficiency is 78%. Calculate the vane angle at the outer periphery of the
impeller. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.199) A Centrifugal pump impeller runs at 80 rpm and has outlet vane angle of 60°.
The velocity of flow is 2.5 m/s throughout and diameter of the impeller at exit is
twice that at inlet. If the manometric head is 20 m and the manometric efficiency is
75 percent, determine the diameter of the impeller at the exit and the inlet vane angle.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

4.200) A pump has to supply water which is at 70°C water at 90 m3
/min and 1800 rpm.
Find the type of pump needed, the power required, and the impeller diameter if the
required pressure rise for one stage is 200 kPa; and 1250 kPa.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.201) A centrifugal pump with an impeller diameter of 0.4 m runs at 1450 rpm. The
angle at outlet of the backward curved vane is 25º with tangent. The flow velocity
remains constant at 3 m/s. If the manometric efficiency is 84% determine the
fraction of the kinetic energy at outlet recovered as static head.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2013]
4.202) The impeller of a centrifugal pump is 300mm in diameter and having a width of
50mm at the periphery. It has blades whose tip angles are inclined backwards at 60°
from the radius. The pump delivers 17m3/min of water and the impeller rotates at
1000rpm. Assuming that the pump is designed to admit liquid radially, calculate
 Speed and direction of water as it leaves impeller
 Torque exerted by the impeller on water
 Shaft power required
 Lift of the pump
Assume the mechanical efficiency = 95% and the hydraulic efficiency = 75%
[AU, May / June – 2007, 2012]
4.203) A centrifugal pump discharges 2000 l/s of water per second developing a head
of 20m when running at 300rpm. The impeller diameter at the outlet ant the outflow
velocity is 1.5m and 3m/s respectively. It vanes are set back at an angle of 30° at the
outlet, determine
 Manometric efficiency
 Power required by the pump
If inner diameter is 750mm, find the minimum speed to start the pump.
[AU, May / June - 2012]
4.204) The impeller of a centrifugal pump has an external diameter of 450mm and
internal diameter of 200mm and it runs at 1440rpm. Assuming a constant radial flow
through the impeller at 2.5m/s and the vanes at exit are set back at an angle of 25°.
Determine

 Inlet vane angle
 The angle, absolute velocity of water at exit makes with the tangent
and
 The work done per N of water. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2006]
4.205) A centrifugal pump has 30 cm and 60 cm diameters at inlet and outlet. The inlet
and outlet vane angles are 30° and 45° respectively. Water enters at a velocity of
2.5 m/s radially. Find the speed of impeller in rpm and the power of the pump if the
flow is 0.2 m3
/s. [AU, April / May - 2008]
4.206) A centrifugal pump has an impeller diameter 500mm in diameter running at 40
rpm. The discharge at the inlet is entirely radial. The velocity of the flow at outlet is
1m/s. The vanes are curved backwards at outlet at 30º to the wheel tangent. If the
discharge of the pump is 0.14m3
/s, calculate the impeller power and the torque on
the shaft. [AU, April / May - 2015]
4.207) A centrifugal pump delivers water against a net head of 14.5 meters and a design
speed of 1000 rpm. The vanes are curved back to an angle of 30° with the periphery.
The impeller diameter is 300 mm and outlet width 50 mm. Determine the discharge
of the pump if the manometric efficiency is 95%. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.208) A centrifugal pump with 1.2m diameter runs at 200rpm and discharge 1880
litres/s, against an average lift of 6m. The angle which the vanes make at exit with
the tangent to the impeller is 26° and the radial velocity of the flow is 2.5m/s. Find
the manometric efficiency and at least speed to start the pump against the head of
6m. Assume the inner diameter of the impeller as 0.6m. [AU, May / June - 2009]
4.209) A single stage centrifugal pump with impeller diameter of 30cm rotates at
2000rpm and lifts 3m3
of water per second to a height of 30m with an efficiency of
75%. Find the number of stages and diameter of each impeller of a similar multistage
pump to lift 5m3
of water per second to a height of 300m when rotating at 1500rpm.
[AU, May / June - 2009]
4.210) A centrifugal pump having an outer diameter equal to two times the inner
diameter and running at 1000 rpm. Works against a total head of 40m. The velocity
of flow through the impeller is constant and equal to 2.5m/sec. The vanes are set
back at an angle of 40° at outlet. If the outer diameter of the impeller is 500mm and
width at outlet is 50mm, determine the

i) Vane angle at inlet
ii)Manometric efficiency
iii) Work done by impeller on water per second.
4.211) The outer diameter of an impeller of a centrifugal pump is 400mm and outlet
width is 50mm. The pump is running at 800rpm and working against a total head of
15m. The vanes angle at outlet is 40° and the manometric efficiency is 75%.
Determine the velocity of flow at inlet, velocity of water leaving the vane, angle
made by the absolute velocity at outlet with direction of motion at outlet, and the
discharge. [AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, 2012]
4.212) The centrifugal pump has the following characteristic. Outer diameter of
impeller = 800mm; width of the impeller vane at outlet = 100mm; angle of the
impeller vanes at outlet = 40°. The impeller runs at 550 rpm and delivers 0.98 m3
/s
under an effective head of 35m. A 500 kW motor is used to drive the pump.
Determine the manometric, mechanical and overall efficiencies of the pump.
Assume waters enter impeller vanes radially at inlet.
[AU, April / May – 2003, 2010]
4.213) A centrifugal pump delivers water against a net head of 14.5m and design speed
of 1000rpm. The vanes are curved back angle of 30° with the periphery. The
impeller diameter is 300mm and the outlet width 50mm. Determine the discharge of
the pump if manometric efficiency is 95%. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.214) A centrifugal pump, in which water enters radially, delivers water to a head of
165m. The impeller has a diameter of 360mm and width 180mm at inlet and the
corresponding dimensions at the outlet are 720mm and 90mm respectively. Its
rotational speed is 1200 rpm. The blades are curved backward at 30° to the tangent
at exit and discharge is 0.389 m3
/s. Determine [AU, May / June - 2007]
 Theoretical head developed
 Manometric efficiency
 Pressure rise across the impeller assuming losses equal to 12% of velocity
head at exit.
 Pressure rise and the loss of head in the volute casing
 The vane angle at inlet and

 Power required to drive the pump assuming an overall efficiency of 70%.
What would be the corresponding mechanical efficiency?
4.215) Compute the overall efficiency of a centrifugal pump from the following test
data. Suction gauge reading = 27.5kPa(vac) and delivery gauge reading =
152(gauge) height of the delivery gauge over suction gauge is 0.4m, discharge is
2100mm. Diameter of the suction pipe is 15cm and diameter of delivery pipe is
10cm. the motor power = 12MHP and fluid water. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.216) A centrifugal pump id to discharge 0.118m3
/s at a speed of 1450rpm against a
head of 25m. The impeller diameter is 25cm, its width at outlet is 5cm and
manometric efficiency is 75%. Determine the vane angle at the outer periphery of
the impeller and draw its velocity triangle. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.217) A centrifugal pump delivers 0.18 m3
/s of water against a head of 12 m and runs
at 620 rpm. The outer and inner diameters of impeller are 0.4 m and 0.2 m
respectively and the vanes are bent back at 38º C to the tangent at exit. If the area of
flow remains at 0.1 m2
from inlet to outlet, calculate manometric efficiency, vane
angle at inlet and loss of head at inlet to impeller when the discharge is reduced by
40% without changing the speed. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2014]
4.218) A centrifugal pump delivers 400 litres/s of water to a height of 20m through a
pipe diameter 15cm and length 100m. The pump has an overall efficiency of 70%
and the friction coefficient is 0.15. Determine the power required to drive the pump.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.219) A radial flow impeller has a diameter 25 cm and width 7.5 cm at exit. It delivers
120 lps of water against a head of 24 m at 1440 rpm. Assuming that the vanes block
the flow area by5 percent and the hydraulic efficiency as 0.8, estimate the vane angle
at exit. Also calculate the torque exerted on the driving shaft if the mechanical
efficiency is 95 percent.
4.220) A single acting reciprocating pump, running at 50rpm, delivers 0.01m3
/sec of
water. The diameter of the piston is 200mm and stroke length 400mm. Determine
the
 theoretical discharge of the pump
 co-efficient of discharge

 slip and the percentage slip of the pump
[AU, Nov / Dec – 2007, 2008, May / June– 2012]
4.221) For a single acting reciprocating pump, piston diameter is 150 mm, stroke length
is 300 mm, and rotational speed is 50 r.p.m. The pump is required to lift water to a
height of 18 m. Determine the theoretical discharge. If the actual discharge is 4.0
lit/sec, and the mechanical efficiency is 80% determine the volumetric efficiency,
slip,theoretical power and the actual power required. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.222) A single – acting reciprocating pump has a plunger diameter of 250mm and
stroke of 450mm. It is driven at 60rpm and undergoes SHM. The length and
diameter of the delivery pipe are 60m and 100mm respectively. Determine the power
saved in overcoming the friction in the delivery pipe, due to fitting of an air vessel
on the delivery side of the pump. Assume the friction factor f = 0.01 the pipe friction
formula hf=(flv2
/2gd ) [AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.223) A single acting reciprocating pump is to raise a liquid of density 1200kg/m3
through a vertical height of 11.5m, from 2.5m below pump axis to 9m above it. The
plunger which moves in SHM, has diameter 125mm and stroke 225mm. The suction
and delivery side pipes are 75mm diameter and 3.5 and 13.5m long, respectively.
There is a large air vessel fitted on the delivery pipe near to the pump axis. But there
is no air vessel on the suction pipe. If separation takes place at 8.829 N/cm2
below
atmospheric pressure, find the maximum speed at which the pump can run without
separation taking place and the power required to drive the pump. Assume there is
no slip in the pump and f = 0.08 the pipe friction formula hf=(flv2
/2gd)
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2007]
4.224) A single acting reciprocating pump has a plunger of diameter 30 cm and stroke
of 20 cm. If the speed of the pumps is 30 rpm and it delivers to6.5 lit/s of water, find
the coefficient of discharge and the percentage slip of the pump.
4.225) The piston area of a single acting reciprocating pump 0.15 m2
and stroke is 30
cm. The water is lifted through a total head of 15 m. The area of delivery pipe is
0.03 m2
. If the pump is running at 50rpm, find the percentage slip, coefficient of
discharge and the power required to drive the pump. The actual discharge is 35 litres
per second. Take mechanical efficiency is 0.85. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]

4.226) A single acting reciprocating pump has a diameter (piston) of 150mm and stroke
length 350 mm. The center of the pump is 3.5 m above the water surface in the sump
and 22 m below the delivery water level. Both the suction and delivery pipes have
the same diameter of 100 mm and are 5 m and 30 m long respectively. If the pump
is working at 30 rpm determine the pressure heads on the piston at the beginning,
middle and end of both suction and delivery strokes.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.227) Calculate the rate of flow in and out of the air vessel on the delivery side in a
single acting reciprocating pump of 220 mm bore and 330 mm stroke running at 50
rpm. Also find the angle of crank rotation at which there is no flow into or out of the
air vessel. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.228) In a single acting reciprocating pump the bore and stroke are 100 and 150 mm.
respectively. The static head requirements are 4 m suction and 18 m delivery. If the
pressure at the end of delivery is atmospheric calculate the operating speed. The
diameter of the delivery pipe is 75 mm and the length of the delivery pipe is 24 m.
Determine the acceleration head at θ = 33 from the start of delivery.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2011]
4.229) A double - acting reciprocating pump, running at 40rpm is discharging 1m3
of
water per minute. The pump has a stroke of 400mm. The diameter of the piston is
200mm. The delivery and suction heads are 20m and 5m respectively. Find the slip
of the pump and the power required to drive the pump.
4.230) The cylinder bore diameter of a single acting reciprocating pump is150mm and
its stroke length is 300mm. The pump runs at 50 rpm and lifts water through a height
of 25m. The delivery pipe is 22m long and 100mm in diameter. Find the theoretical
discharge and the theoretical power required to run the pump. If the actual discharge
is 4.2 litres/s. Find the percentage of slip.
[AU, April / May - 2004, Nov / Dec - 2005, 2012]
4.231) The diameter and stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 120 mm and
300 mm respectively. The water is lifted by a pump through a total head of 25 m.
The diameter and length of delivery pipe are 100 mm and 20 m. respectively. find
out:

(i) Theoretical discharge and theoretical power required to run the pump
if its speed is60 rpm.
(ii) Percentage slip, if the actual discharge is 2.95 1/s and
(iii) The acceleration head at the beginning and middle of the delivery stroke.
4.232) The length and diameter of a suction pipe of a single acting reciprocating pump
are 5 m and 10 cm respectively. The pump has a plunger of diameter 150 mm and
a stroke length of 300 mm. The center of the pump is 4 m above the water surface
in the sump. The atmospheric pressure head is 10.3m of water and the pump runs
at 40 rpm. Determine the
i)Pressure head due to acceleration at the beginning of the suction stroke.
ii)Maximum pressure head due to acceleration.
iii) Pressure head in the cylinder at the beginning and at the end of the stroke.
4.233) Consider a double acting reciprocating pump running at 40rpm. The pump
delivers 1m3
/min of water. The piston diameter is 20cm and the stroke length is
40cm. The delivery and the suctions heads are 20m and 5m respectively. Calculate
the % slip and the power required to drive the pump. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2010]
4.234) The diameter and the stroke of a single acting reciprocating pump are 200mm
and 400mm respectively, the pump runs at 60 rpm and lifts 12 litres of water per
second through a height of 25m. The delivery pipe is 20m long and 150mm in
diameter. Find (i) theoretical power required to run the pump (ii) % of slip and (iii)
acceleration head at the beginning and middle of the delivery stroke.
[AU, Nov / Dec - 2003]
4.235) The diameter and stroke length of a single acting reciprocating pump are 75 mm
and 150 mm respectively. Supply of water to the pump is from a sump 3 m below
the pump through a pipe of 5 m long and 40 mm in diameter. The pump delivers
water to a tank located at 12 m above the pump through a pipe 30 mm in diameter
and 15 m long. Assuming that a separation of flow occurs at 75 kN/m2
(below the
atmospheric pressure), find the maximum speed at which the pump may be operated
without any separation. [AU, May / June - 2007]

4.236) The cylinder of a single- acting reciprocating pump is 15 cm in diameter and 30
cm in stroke. The pump is running at 30 r.p.m. and discharge water to a height of 12
m. The diameter and length of the delivery pipe are 10 cm and 30 m respectively. If
a large air vessel is fitted in the delivery pipe at a distance of 2 m from the centre of
the pump, find the pressure head in the cylinder.
(i) At the beginning of the delivery stroke, and
(ii) In the middle of the delivery stroke. Take f = 0.01.
[AU, May / June - 2013]
4.237) A double acting pump with 35 cm bore and 40 cm stroke runs at 60 strokes per
minute. The suction pipe is 10m long and delivery pipe is 200m long. The diameter
of the delivery pipe is 15 cm. The pump is situated at a height of 2.5 m above the
sump; the outlet of the delivery pipe is 70 m above the pump. Calculate the diameter
of the suction pipe for the condition that separation is avoided. Assume separation
to occur at an absolute pressure head is 2.5m of water. Find the Horsepower required
to drive the pump neglecting all losses other than friction in the pipes assuming
friction factor f as 0.02. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2008]
4.238) A double acting reciprocating pump is running at 30rpm. Its bore and stroke are
250mm and 400mm respectively. The pump lift water from sump 3.8m below and
delivers it to a tank located at 65m above the axis of the pump. The lengths of suction
and delivery pipes are 6m and 150m respectively. The diameter of the delivery pipe
is 100mm. if an air vessel of adequate capacity has been fitted on the delivery side
of the pump, determine
 The minimum diameter of the suction pipe to prevent separation of flow,
assuming the minimum head to prevent occurrence of separation is 2.5m
4.239) The maximum gross head against which the pump has to work and the
corresponding power of motor. Assume the mechanical efficiency = 78% and slip =
1.5%; Hatm = 10m; F=0.012. [AU, May / June - 2007]
4.240) The plunger diameter and the stroke length of a single acting reciprocating pump
are 300mm and 500mm respectively. The speed of the pumps is 60rpm. The
diameter and length of the delivery pipe are 150mm and 60m respectively. If the
pump is equipped with an air vessel at delivery side at the center line of the pump,
find the power saved in overcoming friction in delivery pipe. Assume Darcy’s

friction factor as 0.04, and plunger undergoes a simple harmonic motion.
[AU, May / June - 2009]
4.241) The plunger diameter and the stroke length of a single acting reciprocating pump
are 300mm and 500mm respectively. The speed of the pumps is 50rpm. The
diameter and length of the delivery pipe are 150mm and 55m respectively. If the
pump is equipped with an air vessel at delivery side at the center line of the pump,
find the power saved in overcoming friction in delivery pipe. Assume Darcy’s
friction factor as 0.01. [AU, May / June - 2014]
4.242) Determine the maximum speed in rpm at which a single acting reciprocating
pump without an air vessel of the following details can be operated without causing
separation at any stage during the operation of the pump. Compute the discharge at
this speed. What would be the speed and discharge if air vessel is fitted near the
pump on the suction side? The fluid is water. Assume f= 0.01 for the pipes. Diameter
of plunger = 15cm, stroke = 22.5cm, Suction pipe diameter = 10cm, length = 50m,
static suction head = 4m, static delivery head = 25m, atmospheric pressure = 101kPa
and vapor pressure of water = 25.5kPa(abs) [AU, April / May - 2015]
4.243) The diameter and length of a single acting reciprocating pump are 100mm and
200mm respectively. The pump is used to deliver water to the tank 14m above the
pump through a pipe of 30mm in diameter and 18m long by taking its supply from
the sump 2m below the pump, through a pipe 40mm in diameter and 6m long. If
separation occurs at 78.48kN/m2
, below the atmospheric pressure find the maximum
speed at which the pump can be operated without separation. Assume 1 atm pressure
= 10.3m of water column and the plunger undergoes simple harmonic motion.
[AU, May / June - 2009]
4.244) Determine the maximum operating speed in rpm and the maximum capacity in
lps of a single acting reciprocating pump with the following details. Plunger
diameter = 25cm, stroke = 50cm, suction pipe diameter = 15cm, length = 9cm,
delivery pipe diameter = 10cm, length = 36cm, static suction head = 3m, static
delivery head = 20m, atmospheric pressure = 76cm of mercury, vapour pressure of
water = 25kPa. [AU, Nov / Dec - 2009]
4.245) A reciprocating pump handling water with a bore of 110mm and stroke of
205mm runs at 38rpm. The delivery pipe is of 90mm diameter and 30m long. An air

vessel of sufficient volume is added at a distance of 2.5m from the pump. Determine
the acceleration head with and without air vessel. [AU, April / May - 2011]
4.246) A single cylinder double acting reciprocating pump has a piston diameter of
300mm and stroke length of 400mm. When the pump runs at 45rpm, it discharges
0.039m3
/s under a total head of 15m. What will be the volumetric efficiency, work
done per second and power required if the mechanical efficiency of the pump is
75%. [AU, May / June - 2012]
4.247) The indicator diagram of a single acting reciprocating pump gives effective
delivery head of 5m and 23m with crank at inner and outer dead center respectively.
What is the static delivery head of reciprocating pump? [AU, April / May - 2005]

CE6451 - FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY UNIT - IV NOTES

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CE6451 - FLUID MECHANICS AND MACHINERY UNIT - IV NOTES