AWADHESH SINGH DISTRICT GONDA UP,271504

2. 2
Supervisor
DR.R.N. MEENA
Speaker
AWADHESH KUMAR SINGH
I.D.No. A-14015
Department of Agronomy
Institute of Agricultural Sciences
Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi-221005

3.  INRODUCTION
 CROP
 NURIENT(SULPHUR)
 ROLE OF SULPHUR
 DEFICIENCY
 SOURCE
 MANAGEMENT
 RATE
 TIME
 METHOD
 CONCLUSION

4. INTRODUCTION
In India, oilseeds are the second largest agricultural
commodity after cereals, which occupy about 13.5% of
the gross cropped area in the country, and account for
5% of GNP and 10% of the value of all agricultural
products (Rai et al., 2002).
Among oilseeds, rapeseed & mustard occupies a
prestigious position and ranks second after groundnut
in area and production, contributing 23% of the total
oilseed production. It is estimated that 58 million tons
of oilseeds will be required by the year 2020, wherein
the share of rapeseed-mustard will be around
24.2million tons (Bartaria et al., 2001).

5.  India is one of the major rapeseed-mustard
cultivating countries in the world ranking third
in terms of acreage (19.29%) after Canada
(24.55%) and China(20.58%).
 It account for 11.127% of total production next
to China(22.08%) and Canada(21.77%).
 It cultivated in about 6.70 mha of area and
with total production of about 7.96 million
tonnes with an average productivity of 1188
kg/ha.(DOAC,2014)
 Uttar Pradesh share 10.8%(6.60 lakh ha.) area
and 10.3% (7.70 lakh tone)production of India
(DOAC,2014)

6. 6
Fig. 1 Rapeseed & Mustard 2012-13 Statistics (DRMR,
Bharatpur)
Production of R&M (World)
Acreage R&M(India) Production R&M (India)
Acreage R&M (World)
India 19.29 %
India 11.12
%

7. DRMR,Bharatpur

8. Sulphur (S) is one of the essential secondary
macronutrient required for the growth, metabolism
and development of all plants and is rightly called as
the fourth major plant nutrient.
It is the 13th abundant mineral in the earth
crust(0.06%-0.10)
It’s essentiality was established by Sachs Knop in
1857.
It is constituent of amino acid (cysteine ,cystine,
methionine) and vitamins ,needed for activity of many
enzymes.
Its critical level in soil usually 10 mg/kg (range 8-30
mg/kg)
Its critical level in plant is <0.15-0.2% .

9.  Part of every living cell
 Necesary for the formation of chlorophyll
 constituent of three Important amino acid namely cysteine(26%s),cystine (27%s) and
methionine (21%s)
 Help in synthesis of fat or oil
 Involved in the formation of glucosides and glucusinolates , synthesis of glutathione.
 Constituent of Fe-S protein called ferrodoxins for activity of ATP- sulphurylase
which involved in S metabolism.
 Helps in synthesis of coenzyme- A, vitamin B1,biotin and thiamin.
 Constituent of the sulphydril linkage (-SH)which provides pungency of mustard oil

10.  Sulphur (S) is a crucial element for rapeseed & mustard in
determining its seed yield, oil content, quality, and
resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.
 Besides promoting chlorophyll formation and oil synthesis,
it is an important constituent of seed protein, amino acids,
various enzymes, and glucosinolate.
 Sulphur increases the seed yield of mustard by 12 to 48%
under irrigated and 17 to 124% under rainfed conditions
(Aulakh and Pasricha, 1988).
 The increase in oil content of mustard due to S application
is associated with the increase activity of an enzyme named
acetyl-CoA carboxylase, which is also a precursor for oil
synthesis
 Rapeseed-mustard requires 0.33 to 0.40% S in leaf for
obtaining 90% of its potential yield (Cheema and Arora,
1984).

11. Cysteine Methionone
Biotin Thiamin Coenzyme-A

12. ATMOSPHERE
H2S SO2
Organic sulphur
Cysteine
APS
Sulphate
Sulphate
Sulphide
Sulphite
acetate
O-acetylserine
6 Fdox
6 Fdred
O-acetylserine(thiolyase)
Sulphite reductase
AMP+RSSR
2 RSH
PPi
ATP
APS educates
ATP sulphurylase
SHOOT
Sulphate ROOT
Pedosphere
Vacuole
oxidatoin
Pathway of sulphur uptake and metabolism

13. OCH2CH3
SCoACCH2
SH CoAC
O
SC
OO
O
C
C
H
H
CoAH3
CSH C
OO
O
C
C
H
H
CoA CH3
SCoACo
CO2
ATPCH3
SCoACo SH C
OO
O
C
C
H
H
CoA ADP
CH3
SCoACo H O2COOHCH3
SH CoA
Acetic acid Coenzyme-A Acetyl coenzyme-A
Acetyl coA
Biotinyl
enzyme
Mn
++
Malonyl co A ( 3C )
Malonyl co A ( 3C )
Acetomalonile co A
Acetomalonile co A 4 NADPH
Butyril coA (4C)
+CO2
+H2O +
4 NADP
Butyril coA (4C)
Malonyl coA
6 C compound
Malonyl coA
8C compound 16 C / 18 C
(fatty acid)
Fatty acid synthesis

14. amino acid
R C COOH
H
NH2
R C COOH
H
NH2OH
R C
H
N OH
CO2
OH2
UPP Glucose
UDP PAPS ADP
R C
SH
N OH
R C
S
N O
Glucose
SO3
-
R C
S
N OH
Glucose
S from Cysteine
N- hydroxyamino acid Aldoxime
Thiohydroximate Thioglucoside Glucosinolate

15. Glucose H
+
MYROSINASE R C
S
N O
SO3
-
R C
S
N O
Glucose
SO3
-
R-N=C=S R-C=N-S R-S-C=N
SO4
--
HSO4
SO4
--
Isothiocyanates Nitriles Thiocyanates
Spontaneous
EnzymaticEpithiospecifier proteins
Thiohydroximate -O- sulphonates Thiohydroximate -O- sulphonates
Glucosinolate
R C
S
N O
SO3
-
?
Mustard oil formation

16.  Sulphur deficiencies have been reported from more
than 70 countries over the world, including India.
 Intensification of agriculture with high yielding crop
varieties and multiple cropping, coupled with use of
high analysis S-free fertilizers and restricted use of
organic manures, has accelerated the deficiencies of S
in arable lands.
 Most of the soils of Indo-Gangetic plains,red,latreitic
and hill soils are prone to S deficiency while coastal
soils are reported to be adequate in it.
 Sulphur deficiency is also wide spread in calcareous
as well as medium and shallow black clay soils due to
low organic matter content.

17. Protein
Cist & methionine
GSSG
GSH
Ascorbate
Dehydro
ascorbate
Myrosinase
activity
GSLs
L-cyste edesulfydase
Soil
Plant
SO2H2S
Atmosphere
O-acetylserine
H2S
Sulphite
Pantoic acid
+
- alanine
CoASH
SA
-oxidation
pathway
Trans-cinnamic
acid
Cys
APS
SO4
S04
Sulphur metabolites and pathways of SIR in Brassica

18.  Progressively greater removal of soil Sulphur as a result of
higher agricultural production and cultivation.
 Low level of fertiliser use in pulses and oilseeds that have a
higher requirement of S than cereals per unit of grain
production.
 Use of high analysis N and P fertiliser containing little or no
sulphur like urea and DAP instead of using (NH4)2SO4 and SSP.
 Lesser use of organic matter,crop residue and S containing
pesticides.
 Leaching and erosion losses of S.

20.  As sulphur is an immobile nutrient in plant , the
deficiency symptoms first appear on younger leaves.
 Yellowing of younger leaves which persist even after
N application,and become cup shaped at the later
stage .
 Underside of leaves turn redding .
 Stems of the crop also become reddish tint
 Growing points are arrested.
 Stunted plants.
 Delayed maturity.
 An excess of sulphur free amino acid
(e.g.asparagine,glutamine and arginine) due to the
inhibition of protein synthesis
Deficiency symptoms of sulphur in Rapeseed &
Mustard

21. Deficiency symptoms of sulphur
Fig 4

22. Correction of sulphur deficiency
In view of the increasing incidence of sulphur
deficiency in soils & plants, it is important to
suggest corrective measures for ameliorations of
sulphur deficiency. The major source of sulphur
are gypsum, pyrities, & elemental sulphur, and
the sulphur containing nitrogenous (ammonium
sulphate), phosphatic (SSP), potassic (potassium
sulphate) fertilizer and micronutrients fertilizers
like zink sulphate, copper sulphate, ferrous
sulphate etc.

23.  In natural condition, major source of S is organic matter.
 >95% of total sulphur present in organic matter.
 S originated in soil through weathering of rocks.
 In arid condition S forms sulphates of Calcium, Magnesium,
Sodium and Potassium.
 In atmosphere S present in the form of SO2.
 In most of cultivated land sulphur ranges from 8-30 mg/kg.

24.  Sulphur is 13th
abundant element in the earth crust,
average ranging between 0.06-0.10. Sulphur in soil being
derived from weathering of rocks and soils; i.e. gypsum,
barite, epsomite, mirabirite.
 The C:N:S ratio of soil organic matter is approximately
125:10:1.2 .
 The soil with less than 10 mg kg-1 available sulphur is
considered as low. However , the critical level may
ranges between 8 to 30 mg kg-1, depending upon the
method of extraction , soil type and nature of the crop.

25.  Sulphur in the form of sulphate represent the readily
available to the plants. Root absorb SO4
2-
ions by
mass flow and diffusion process.
 S content in the plant ranges between 0.1 to 0.5 with
an average of 0.2 to 0.3 S in plants has been
considered as a critical limit of deficiency.
 The economic part of plant (grain, fruits )
accumulates higher S than non-economic parts.
 S uptake is generally 9-15% of N uptake though it can
ranges from 5-30%.

26. Fig.5 Sulphur content in Indian mustard
Rathore et al (2015)

27. 1.Organic sulphur
This fraction of sulphur constiuets about 80-90% of total sulphur present
in soil
2.Inorganic sulphur
(a) Solution SO4
2-
:-
Root absorb SO4
2-
form of sulphur which reach to roots by
diffusion and mass flow.
(b) Adsorbed SO4
2-
:-
It is an important fraction in soil containing large amounts
of Al and Fe oxides.
(c) SO4
2-
Co-precipitated with CaCO3:-
S occurs as co-crystellized impurity with CaCO3 and is an
important fraction of the total sulphur in calcareous soils.
Solubility and availability of this form of S are affected by
particle size of CaCO3, soil moisture content.
(d) Reduced inorganic sulphur:-
In water logged soil, there may be accumulation of H2S
formed by the decay of organic matter.

28. FERTILIZERS /SOIL AMENDMENTS SULPHUR CONTENT (%)
Ammonium sulphate 24.20
Ammonium sulphate nitrate 12.10
Basic slag 3.00
Copper sulphate 11.40
Epsom salt 13.00
Elemental sulphur 100
Ferrous ammonium suphate 16.00
Ferrous sulphate 18.80
Gypsum 18.60
Potassium magnesium sulphate 22.30
Potassium sulphate 17.50
Single super phosphate 12.50
Urea sulphur 10.00
Zinc sulphate 17.80
SULPHUR CONTAINING FERTILIZERS

29. (AICRP-RM,2008)
Fig.6 Response of Indian mustard to different Sulphur sources

30. Fig.7 Effect of liquid and elemental S on seed and oil yield of
rapeseed & mustard

31. I. Soil organic matter :- A higher amount of total
sulphur has been reported in surface than sub
surface soil. This is due to a higher OM content in
surface soil. Sulphur is a constituent of OM, the
amount and nature of OM govern its content in
soil.
II. Soil texture:- Finer textured soils contain a higher
amount of total and available sulphur than coarse
textured soil.
III. Soil reaction:- In general, acidic soil contain higher
amount of S than the alkaline soil.
Contd…

32. IV. Salt content:- Accumulation of sulphur is
accompanied by the accumulation of sulphates.
High content of salt in coastal saline and
alkaline alluvial soil have resulted from the
accumulation of salt of sulphate in these soils.
V. Climate:-Soils located at higher altitude compared
with lower altitude contain a higher amount of
total and available sulphur , because of increase
in OM content of soils because of higher rainfall
and lower temperature at high altitude.

33. The Sulphur Cycle
The essential steps of the sulphur cycle are:-
 Mineralization of organic sulphur to the inorganic
form, hydrogen sulphide, H2S.
 Oxidation of sulphide and elemental sulphide(S) and
related compounds to sulphide, SO4
2-
 Reduction of sulphate to sulphide.
 Microbial immobilization of the sulphur compounds
and subsequent incorporation into the organic form of
sulphur.

34. Fig. 8

35.  S oxidation:-
Sulphur oxidation occuring in soil is mostly biochemical in
nature. S-oxidation is accomplished by no. of autotrophic
bacteria including those of genus Thiobacillus , four spp. of
which have been characterized:-
(a) Thiobacillus thiooxidans.
(b) T. thioparus.
(c) T. denitificans.
(d) T. ferroxidans.
Reaction:- H2S + 2O2 H2SO4 2H + SO4
2-
2S + 3O2 2H2O 2H2SO4 4H+
+2SO4
2-

36.  Sulphur reduction
• Sulphates tends to be unstable in anaerobic environments so
they are reduced to sulphides by a no. of bacteria of two
genera- Desulphovibrio and Desulphotomaculum.
The organism use the combined oxygen in sulphate to oxidize
organic materials.
Reaction:- 2R-CH2OH +SO4
2-
2R-COOH + H2O + S2-
Org. alchohol Org. acid Sulphide
Also sulphites (SO3
2-
) , thiosulphates(S2O3
2-
) and elemental sulphur
(S) are rather easily reduced to the sulphide form by bacteria .

37. N
(Kg/ha
)
S
(Kg/ha
Glucosinola
te content
(μmoles/g
in defatted
meal)
Palmitic Stearic Oleic
acid
Linolei
c
acid
Linolenic
acid
Eicosenoic
acid
Erucic
acid
75 0 64 2.61 1.17 11.78 14.99 6.48 50.91 11.80
75 20 72 2.88 1.31 10.15 14.53 5.14 52.75 12.28
100 0 52 2.58 1.58 13.16 15.31 7.01 49.55 10.57
100 20 42 3.91 1.65 11.94 15.06 6.13 49.63 12.18
125 0 52 3.01 1.33 12.19 16.17 5.91 47.71 12.26
125 20 42 4.42 1.31 16.12 16.55 6.57 44.77 9.55
Table 1 Effect of N and S levels (kg/ha) application on fatty acid
composition and glucosinolate content in Brassica juncea cv.
Varuna
Source: AICRP-RM, 2007at Ludhiana

38. The rate of application is influence by-
Crop
Soil
Cropping sequence
Use of FYM and Compost
Intraction with other nurient

39. Fig 10 .Seed and oil yield of Indian mustard under different
doses of Sulphur

40. Available S
in soil
(mg/kg)
S fertility
class
Increase in
yield (%)
Soil
deficiency
class
Amount of S fertilizer added
(kg/ha)
Cereal Oilseeds Pulses
<5 Very low 50-85 Very high 60 40 30
5-10 Low 20-50 High 45 30 20
10-15 Medium 5-20 Moderate 30 20 15
15-20 High 1-5 Low 15 10 10
>20 Very High 0 Very low 0 0 0
Table 2.S fertilizer recommendations based on available
S status of soils
Patel et al. ,001GAU, Anand.

41.  At the proper physiological stage of the plant.
 Application of sulphate-S to mustard at seeding
time gives the highest increase in yield and S uptake.(Malhi et al., 2005).
 Applications at sowing are generally more effective than at early flowering
stages.(Rathor et al.,2015)
 An application at early flowering can moderately correct S deficiency
damage (Malhi, et al., 2005).
 In case, if the S application is missed at sowing, S may be top dressed to
20-40 days of growth to get good yield.
 S is leachable, like nitrate, it is safer to apply close to the time
of plant uptake by splitting the doses.

42. Tretments Yield (kg/ha Nutrient uptake (kg/ha) Net return
(Rs./ha)
Seed Straw N P K S
Sources of Sulphur
Gypsum 1645 5370 97.2 27.4 62.1 13.4 24334
Elemental sulphur 1510 4946 84.6 22.8 55.4 10.9 22118
Pyrites 1602 5118 91.7 25.0 59.3 12.2 23645
CD (P= 0.05) 31.68 43.49 1.18 0.29 2.82 0.17 207.6
Sulphur level (kg ha-1)
30 1492 4901 81.5 22.0 50.4 10.6 22293
60 1607 5465 92.7 25.5 58.2 12.4 23618
90 1709 5521 99.4 27.8 63.3 13.9 24180
CD(P=0.05) 32.31 39.90 0.81 0.26 2.72 0.17 189.8
(Singh et al . ,2015)
Table . 3. Effect of varieties, sources and levels of sulphur on yield, nutrient uptake
and net returns of Indian mustard (Average of 2 years)

43.  BASAL APPLICATON:-Especially for sandy soil
 BROADCASTING:-If adequate rainfall or irrigation is
available to leach the S into the root zone.
 SIDE BANDING:-It is the most effective way to apply
sulphate-S fertilizers to produce maximum seed yield and to
prevent any damage to mustard seedlings.
 BROADCAST-INCORPORATION:-This method can produce
seed yield similar to side banding (Malhi, et al., 2005).
 FOLIAR SPRAY:-This method is less effective as compare to
soil application due to high requirement of crop, but if S
deficiency symptoms appear on foliage, 3-5 sprays of 0.5%
soluble sulphate salts like ammonium sulphate, potassium
sulphate, zinc sulphate etc. can be done on the standing crop.

44. Treatment S.K.Nagar Sriganganagar Ludhiana
Seed yield
(kg ha-1)
Net
returns
over
control
Seed yield
(kg ha-1)
Oil
conten
t
(%)
Oil yield
(kg ha-1)
Glucosinol
ate (μ
mole/g
defatted
meal)
Control 1707 1604 34.7 375 130
Thiourea
(0.1%)
2087 3226 1696 35.9 429 142
40 kg S
ha-1
2249 6712 1799 35.2 405 149
40 kg S
ha-1 +
Thiourea
(0.1%)
2039 4070 1883 33.4 411 134
ZnSO4
(0.5%)
1921 4622 1667 33.2 372 126
CD at 5% 150 158
AICRP-RM, 2003

45. Sulphur
level
(kg/ha)
Oil
content
(%)
Oil
yield
( kg/ha)
Protein
content
(%)
Sinigrin/gluc
usinolate (%)
Iodine
value
(no.)
0 38.46 537.28 22.55 1.85 104.98
15 39.39 593.97 23.43 1.92 106.09
30 39.98 655.65 23.97 2.00 107.20
45 40.40 695.84 24.43 2.08 109.33
CD
(P=O.O5)
0.31 32.42 0.24 0.06 0.74
Singh et al.
1998

46. Table 6.Effect of sulphur and fortified vermicompost on growth
and yield attributing characters of mustard.
Treatments Plant height
(cm)
Branches
/plant
Siliquae
/plant
Seeds/siliqu
a
Test
weight(g)
A. Sulphur levels (kg ha-1)
control 133.18 13.58 130.32 10.03 4.01
20 161.11 16.40 151.40 12.10 4.44
40 176.23 19.10 171.02 13.32 4.72
40 183.05 19.36 173.16 13.54 4.82
CD at 5% 11.64 0.81 7.00 0.51 0.22
B. Fortified vermicompost levels (t ha-1)
control 135.49 13.19 121.54 10.31 3.99
2 158.30 16.05 151.79 12.02 4.45
4 173.53 18.78 170.57 13.23 4.72
6 186.25 20.41 182.01 13.42 4.83
CD at 5% 11.64 0.28 7.00 0.51 0.22
(Parihar et al. ,2014)

47. Treatment Yield (t ha-1) Content of
Seed Stover Protien
(%)
Oil(%)
Control 0.42 1.92 19.13 35.92
100% fertilizer N 1.10 4.64 21.88 40.49
100% fertilizer N +40 kg S ha-1 1.33 5.40 23.81 42.80
25% FYM-N + 75% fertilizer N +40 kg S ha-1 1.33 5.39 23.88 42.90
50% FYM-N + 50% fertilizer N +40 kg S ha-1 1.25 5.13 23.13 42.12
75% FYM-N + 25% fertilizer N +40 kg S ha-1 1.00 4.28 21.06 39.28
25% FYM-N + 75% fertilizer N 1.13 4.68 22.00 40.69
50% FYM-N + 50% fertilizer N 1.07 4.54 21.56 40.27
75% FYM-N +25% fertiilzer N 0.91 4.02 20.38 38.10
CD at 5% 0.07 0.35 0.76 1.27
Table 7.Yield and quality of Indian mustard as influenced by integrated use of
FYM and fertilizer nitrogen with and without sulphur
(Bhat et al .,2007)

48. Treatments Seed yield (t ha-1) Stover yield (t ha-1)
2002 2003 Mean 2002 2003 Mean
Sulphur (kg ha-1)
0 1.63 1.71 1.67 4.62 4.85 4.74
20 1.85 1.94 1.90 5.27 5.47 5.37
40 2.03 2.13 2.08 5.83 5.97 5.90
60 2.16 2.25 2.21 6.22 6.38 6.30
80 2.13 2.19 2.16 6.04 6.22 6.13
SEm± 0.05 0.06 0.13 0.14
CD(P=0.0
5)
0.15 0.18 0.39 0.42
Table 8. Effect of level of sulphur on seed and stover yield of mustard
(Jat and Mehra ,2007)

49. Treatme
nt
N P K S Sulphur use
efficiency (kg
seed/kgS)
Sulphur
uptake
(Kg/ha) efficiency
(Kg/ha)
Sulphur level (kg/ha)
0 61.21 12.13 122.04 10.73
20 76.14 16.50 155.01 14.33 9.80 0.18
40 89.78 20.19 195.72 18.11 9.88 0.18
60 94.28 22.10 207.38 20.93 6.67 0.17
CD(at 5%) 5.01 0.96 9.62 0.91 1.65 0.022
Sulphur sources
Ammonium
Sulphate
87.22 19.49 185.51 17.83 7.65 0.18
Gypsum 81.17 17.86 172.55 16.07 6.53 0.13
SSP 77.56 17.61 163.30 15.03 6.42 0.11
Pyrite 75.44 15.96 158.81 15.18 4.17 0.11
CD(at 5%) 5.01 0.96 9.62 0.91 1.65 0.022
Table 9.Effect of level and sources of sulphur on total uptake of N P K S and
sulphur use and uptake efficiency by mustard
(Kumar and Trivedi ,2012)

50. Table 10.Effect of level and sources of sulphur on seed and straw yields, quality and
economics of Indian mustard
Treatment Yield (t/ha) Oil
content
(%)
Protei
n
(%)
Net
income
(Rs/ha)
B:C
ratio
Seed Straw
2006-07 2007-08 2006-07 2007-08
Sulphur level (kg/ha)
0 1.39 1.41 4.49 4.57 37.12 19.06 18126 3.12
20 1.67 1.53 5.44 5.43 38.17 20.89 21580 3.43
40 1.79 1.80 6.11 6.19 38.89 22.35 25098 3.73
60 1.81 1.80 6.19 6.22 40.03 23.86 24942 3.67
CD at 5% 0.21 0.24 1.42 1.50 0.84 0.97
Sulphur source
Ammonium Sulphate 1.70 1.71 5.72 5.73 39.25 22.43 23469 3.58
Gypsum 1.67 1.66 5.60 5.67 38.50 21.29 22651 3.51
SSP 1.60 1.71 5.49 5.55 38.41 20.86 22717 3.54
Pyrite 1.53 1.61 5.41 5.49 38.05 21.59 20909 3.32
CD at 5% 0.21 0.24 1.42 1.50 0.84 0.97
(Kumar and Trivedi ,2012)

51. Treatments Sulphur-use efficiency
( kg seed/kg S)
Sulphur-uptake
efficiency
2003–04 2004–05 2003–04 2004–05
Sulphur (kg S/ha)
15 8.7 10.0 0.27 0.31
30 8 9 0.25 0.29
45 7.8 8.7 0.23 0.27
CD (P=0.05) 0.81 0.87 0.015 0.017
Sulphur
source
Gypsum 6.7 7.3 0.22 0.25
Cosavet 9 10.3 0.28 0.31
CD (P=0.05) 1.20 1.30 0.018 0.021
(PIRI and sharma, 2006)

52. Symbol Treatment Quantity kg/ha Time of
application
Method of
application
T1 Sulphur 90 % DP 25.00 Just before
sowing
Basal
application
T2 Sulphur 80 %
WP
5.00 45 DAS Broad cast
with urea
T3 Sulphur 80 %
WP
1.25 75DAS Foliar
application
T4 T1+ Sulphur 80
% WP
25.00+ 5.00 45DAS Broad cast
with urea
T5 T1+ Sulphur 80
% WP
25.00+ 1.25 75DAS Foliar
application
T6 Farmer practice
(No use of
Sulphur)
0.00 - -
Treatment details: For next Table

53. Treatme
nts
Plant
height
(cm)
Pod
length(c
m)
Seed/po
d
Yield
(q/ha)
Test
weight(g
m)
Oil
content(
%)
Oil yield
(q/ha)
T1 146.2 6.1 15 19.73 6.35 41.4 8.16
T2 147.5 6.3 16 20.52 6.41 41.6 8.53
T3 144.5 5.8 14 18.41 6.15 40.6 7.47
T4 149.7 6.5 17 21.45 6.52 42.2 9.03
T5 150.2 6.5 17 21.94 6.54 42.4 9.30
T6 141.2 5.3 13 17.83 5.82 39.8 7.09
CD at 5% 6.56 NS 2.96 0.95 0.68 1.85 7.45
Table 1: Effect of sulphur containing fertilizers on yield
attributes, grain and oil yield of mustard

54. Conclusion:
• As sulphur intracts synergistically with N,P,Ca,Zn and antagonistically with P,
Mg, Mo. The balanced rates of different fertilizer nutrients including sulphur
should be worked out for different oilseed crops.
• There is also the need to develop extension literature on Sulphur
fertilization and wall charts, slides sets and video assettes on the subject.
• Agriculture Instututions should suggested to the state soil testing
laboratories about precise sulphur recommendations based on soil testing.
•In order to harness the full potential of newly evolved high yielding varieties
of rapeseed and mustard crops, fertilizer sulphur must form a part of their
integrated management programme.
•Strategies need to be developed to encourage more use of S through
judicious mix of fertilizer S, byproduct S, and organic manure attaining
sustainable high mustard productivity.

55. 55