3. acKnowledgement
We would like to express our special thanks of gratitude to our teacher
“SMT. R.P. BEHRA” who gave us the golden opportunity to do this wonderful
project on the topic “ THE PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA” which also helped
us in doing a lot of Research and We came to know about so many new things
We are really thankful to them.
We are making this project not only for marks but to also increase our knowledge.
THANK YOU
4. The physical features of India can be
grouped
under the following physiographic divisions:
(i) The Himalayan Mountains
(ii) The Northern Plains
(iii) The Peninsular Plateau
(iv) The Indian Desert
(v) The Coastal Plains
(vi) The Islands
5.
6. (i) tHe Himalayan moUntain:• The Himalayan ranges contain several high peaks.
Mount Everest is the highest peak in the world.
• The Himalayan Mountains stretch in a long curve
from Jammu and Kashmir in the west to Arunachal
Pradesh in the east.
• Their length is about 2000 kilometers and width
between 230 and 400 kilometers.
7. tHe HimalayaS Have tHree main
rangeS tHat are:
(i)The greater Himalayas
(ii) The lesser Himalayas
(iii) The Shivalik hill ranges
9. The Greater Himalayas: The highest range of the Himalayas is known as the greater Himalayas. It
is also called the Himadri.
The great Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world, extend
along the northern frontiers of Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, and Burma.
They were formed geologically as a result of the collision of the Indian
subcontinent with Asia.
The Greater Himalayas, or northern range, average approximately 6,000
meters in height and contain the three highest mountains on earth:
Mount Everest (8,796 meters) on the China-Nepal border; K2 (8,611
meters, also known as Mount Godwin-Austen, and in China as Qogir Feng
in an area claimed by India, Pakistan, and China; and Kanchenjunga (8,598
meters) on the India-Nepal border.
10. The lesser himalayas :The range lying to the south of the Himadri forms the most rugged
mountain system & known as Himachal or the lesser Himalayas.
The ranges are mainly composed of highly compressed and altered
rocks.
The altitude varies between 3700 & 4500 meters And Average
width is of 50 km.
The most important & longest range is the Pir Panjal range.
The Dhaula Dhar & the Mahabharat Ranges consists of the
famous valley of Kashmir, the Kangra and the Kullu valley in
Himachal Pradesh.
This region is well known for its hill station.
12. (iii) The Shivalik rang e s
•
The Shivalik Hills or Range are the southernmost and geologically
youngest east-west mountain chain of the Himalayas.
•
The Shivalik form a belt, which runs continuously from Jammu, Kangra
valley, Sirmur district to Dehradun and finally ending up in the Bhabar
tracts of Garhwal and Kumaon. The Shivalik extends about 1,689 km from
southwest Kashmir through northern India into southern Nepal. The hills
consists of 6000 meters of layered rocks
•
The Shivalik crest at 600 to 1,200 meters and have many sub-ranges. They
extend 1,600 km from the Teesta River in Sikkim, westward through Nepal
and Uttarkhand, continuing into Kashmir and Northern Pakistan, and are
cut through at wide intervals by large rivers flowing south from the
Himalayas.
13. Importance of Shivalik hills
•The physical features and the climatic conditions of this
region have played an important role in shaping and
making it an important part from the rest of the country.
•The physical features and the climatic conditions of this
region have played an important role in shaping and
making it an important part from the rest of the country.
16. The narrow belt of about 8 to 16 km in width lying parallel
to the slopes of shiwalik are called Bhabar.
The streams and rivers re-emerge and create a wet ,swampy
and marshy region known as terai.
The flood plains of the rivers and present a terrace like
feature is known as bhangar.
The soil in this region contains calcareous deposits known
as khadar.
18.
The peninsular plateau is a tableland
composed of the old crystalline, igneous
and metamorphic rocks.
It is formed due to the breaking and
drifting of the gondwana land.
It has a broad and shallow valleys and
rounded hills
19. This plate au co nsists o f two
bro ad divisio ns are :
Central highlands
Deccan plateau
20. the Central highlands
The part o f pe ninsular plate au lying to the
no rth o f the N
armada rive r co ve ring a majo r
are a o f the malwa plate au is kno wn as the
ce ntral hig hlands.
The e xte nd o f ce ntral hig hlands is fro m
vindhya to aravalli hills.
The slo pe o f ce ntral hig hlands is fro m so uthwe st to no rth-e ast
21.
The rive rs Chambal, Sind, be twa and ke n flo w are
acco rding to the slo pe o f the plate au.
The ce ntral hig hlands are wide r in the we st and are
narro we r in the e ast.
The cho tanag pur plate au is the e astward e xte nsio n o f
ce ntral hig hlands.
The cho tanag pur plate au is draine d fro m Damo dar rive r.
22. deCCan Plateau
The deccan plateau is a triangular landmass
that lies to the south of the river narmada.
The deccan plateau is higher in the west and
slopes gently eastwards.
It is separated by fault from the chotanagpur
plateau.
23. The
western ghats and the eastern
ghats mark the western and the eastern
edges of the deccan plateau
respectively.
Three passes from western ghats are:
1.Thal ghats
2.Bhor ghats
3. Pal ghats
24. The western ghats are higher than the
eastern ghats.
Their average elevation is 900 to 1600m
as against 600m of the eastern ghats.
The eastern ghats stretches mahanadi
valley to the nilgiri hills in the south.
The eastern ghats are discontinuous and
are cut by the rivers.
25. 1) The western Ghats cause pornographic rain
by facing the rain bearing winds to rise along
the western slopes of the Ghats.
2)The heights of western Ghats increases
gradually.
3)The highest peaks include:
We) Anai mudi (2,695m)
ii) Doda betta(2,637m)
4) Mahendragiri (1,501m) is the highest peak
in eastern Ghats.
29. A place that receives less than 10 inches (25
centimeters) of rain per year is considered a desert.
Deserts cover more than one fifth of the Earth's land,
and they are found on every continent.
Deserts are. part of a wider classification of regions
called "dry lands .
These areas exist under a moisture deficit, which
means they can frequently lose more moisture
through evaporation than they receive from annual
precipitation.
32. The CosTal Plains
Coastal plains is a geologic feature found around
the world and on both the eastern and western coasts
of India. Coastal plains are characterized by an area
of flat low lying land that is situated adjacent to a
Water body often a sea or ocean. It is also of note that
coastal plains are separated from the interior of the
larger Land mass by other unique features. Coastal
plains have limited vegetation. However grasses and
trees are not uncommon. The coastal plains of India
are relatively expansive regions which contribute
significantly to the geography of the region.
34. An island is any piece of sub-continental land that
is surrounded by Water. Very small islands such as
emergent land features on atolls can be
called islets, cays or keys. An island in a river or
lake may be called an eyot , or Holm. A grouping of
geographically or geologically related islands is
called an archipelago.
Conversely, when a piece of land is separated from
the mainland by a man-made canal, for example the
Peloponnese by the Corinth Canal, it is generally
not considered an island.
