By the end of the lesson you will be able to … define an adverb clause. mention the characteristics of an adverb clause. define an elliptical adverb clause. mention kinds of an adverb clause. say different position of an adverb clause. identify some adverb clauses.

1. Md. Abdul Kader
Lecturer
Department of English
Cambrian College
Mobile: +8801715447430
Email : has83abdulkader@gmail.com
Welcome to all of you.
English Grammar
Class-IX-XII

2. 8/4/2014 2
Lesson:
Adverb clause

3. Learning Outcome
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• define an adverb clause.
• mention the characteristics of
an adverb clause.
• define an elliptical adverb
clause.
• mention kinds of an adverb
clause.
• say different position of an
adverb clause.
• identify some adverb clauses.
By the
end of
the
lesson
you will
be able
to …

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5. Definition of Adverb clauses
An adverb clause is a subordinate
clause that modifies a verb, but it
may modify an adjective, an
adverb, a verbal (gerund, participial, and
infinitive phrases) or even the rest of
the sentence in which it appears.
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6. Examples of Adverb clauses
 The Yukon entered Canada’s confederation
after a gold rush brought 100,000 people to the
territory.
Here the subordinate clause “after a gold rush
brought 100,000 people to the territory” is
modifying or describing the verb entered.
 “Because the rain fell for three days, every
street in town was flooded,
” Because the rain fell for three days” is adverb
clause and it modifies the rest of the sentence.
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7. More Examples
Modified Words Examples
Adjective: The miner’s children were nervous
whenever he entered a tunnel.
Adverb: Today’s dig lasted longer than the one
yesterday.
Participle: The miners, cheering whenever
someone made a strike, were excited.
Gerund: Digging wherever miners thought there
was gold has left the Yukon full of old
miners.
Infinitive: The tired miners wanted to relax after
the workday ended.
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9. Characteristics of Adverb Clause
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1. Usually Adverb clauses answer
such questions as where, why,
when, how, to what extent, in
what manner, and under what
conditions .
2. An adverbial clause begins with a
subordinating conjunction.
to see Subordinating conjunctions

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11. Elliptical Adverb Clauses
In an elliptical adverb clause, especially
those beginning with as or than, the
verb or both the subject and the verb
are not stated but are understood.
Verb understood: I am taller than he
(is).
Subject and verb understood: The Yukon
has as many rural inhabitants as (it has)
urban inhabitants.
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13. Example of adverbial clause answering when?
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When will the flowers bloom?
Answer: when spring arrives

14. Example of adverbial clause answering why?
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Why didn't the poor woman have money?
Answer: because she had lost her job

15. Example of adverbial clause answering where?
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Where is there fire?
Answer: where there is smoke

16. Example of adverbial clause answering how?
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How did he answer the question?
Answer: as if he knew the subject quite well

17. Example of adverbial clause answering to what
degree?
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To what degree of lateness will Jones arrive?
Answer: (later) than Smith (will arrive)

18. Another example of an adverbial clause answering
to what degree?
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To what degree is he young?
Answer: (younger) than his brother (is)

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20. Punctuation with adverbial clause
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Use of comma (,) with adverbial clauses
depends upon the placement of the
adverbial clause.
If the adverbial clause introduces the
sentence, place a comma between it and the
main clause.

21. Punctuation with adverbial clause
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If the adverbial clause follows the main
clause in a sentence, do not place a comma
between the two.

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23. TYPES OF ADVERB CLAUSE
A subordinate adverb clause can be
divided into following categories-----
1. Adverbial Clause of time
2. Adverbial Clause of place
3. Adverbial Clause of reason/ cause
4. Adverbial Clause of manner
5. Adverbial Clause of condition
6. Adverbial Clause of degree/ comparison
7. Adverbial Clause of result/consequence/effect
8. Adverbial Clause of purpose
9. Adverbial Clause of concession/contrast
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24. Adverbial Clause of Time
It indicates the time of the action of
principal clause.
Adverb Clause of "Time“ start with:
“after, before, since, when, while,
whenever, as, as soon as, once, till,
until, as/so long as, by the time, now
that, while, the sooner, hardly ------
when, no sooner ----- than, scarcely -----
-- when”.
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25. Adverbial Clause of Time
Example:
After Hamlet's uncle Claudius married
Hamlet's mother, Hamlet wanted to kill him.
I met Ahsan when I was at School.
I met him whenever I went to town.
As soon as the teacher entered the class
room, the student stood up.
While I was walking in the garden, a snake bit
me.
Wait here till I come.
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26. Clauses that refer to past time are
formed with the verb in the PAST
tense:
Examples:
When I finished my lunch, we played golf.
After we played golf, we went to a party.
As soon as we arrived at the party, they
put the steaks on.
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27. Clauses that refer to future time are
formed with the verb in the PRESSENT
tense because Future tense is not used in
Time Clause:
Examples:
▪ As soon as we arrive at the party, they will put the
steakson.
▪ Beforeweeatoursteaks,wewillsitaroundandtalk.
▪ Untilthepartyends,therewillbeplentyofgoodwine.
IwillreturnyourbookonMondaywhenIhavereadit.
Mr.Akramwilltelephoneyouassoonashereturns.
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28. Adverbial Clause of Place
It indicates the place of the action of
principal clause. It start with ----- Where
(definite place), wherever (indefinite
place), whence.
Examples:
You can go wherever you like.
I shall go where he lives.
Go quickly whence you come.
Do you want to go to whence I came?
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29. Adverbial Clause of cause/ reason
It expresses the reason of having performed an action
or not performed an action. Generally, an adverb
Clause of "Cause /reason“ start with-- “because, since,
as, for, ”
Example:
 You shouldn’t go out because it is raining now.
 He was absent as he was ill.
 You failed for you were not sincere.
 Since he is strong, he can carry the load.
 Seeing that (Since, as) the hall is already full, the meeting
may begin now.
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30. Adverbial Clause of Manner
• It indicates how the action of the principal verb is
performed.
• Adverb Clause of “Manner“ starts with: “as if, as
though, as, like, how, however”.
• Most of cases it sits after the principal clause.
Examples:
He speaks English as if he were a native speaker.
Do as you like. You can not work like your father does.
Tell us how you escaped.
You can travel however you like.
Save as you want to invest.
She can dance as her sister does.
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31. Adverbial Clause of Condition
Adverb Clause of "Condition“ start with: “if, unless,
only if, in case (that), whether ,provided (that)” on
condition that. Note: Supposingthat=if,Providedthat=if
Examples:
If the British co-operate, the Europeans may achieve
monetary union.
You will fail unless you study.
I do not want to know whether you are a Muslim or not.
I will order some rice in case we fall short of it.
He helped me on condition that I would help him later
when necessary.
He will be appointed provided (that) he is an M.A.
Supposing that I go there, what will happen then?
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32. Adverbial Clause of Comparison/degree
• It indicates comparison between two clause.
• Adverb Clause of “Comparison" starts with:
“than, as ---as, the same --- as, such---as. So---as”.
• In this clause the verb remains absent. But it can
be guessed.
• In negative sentence conjunction “So” is used in
stead of “as”.
Example:
She is taller than her sister (is).
That book is as interesting as this.
The is the same book as that.
We want such a boy as will be active.
They did not play so well as we expected.
He is not so intelligent as you (are).
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33. Adverbial Clause of
effect/result/consequences
• It expresses the result of an action.
• It starts with – that.
• It modifies the adverb (So, Such) of principal
clause.
Examples:
What is the matter that you shout so loudly?
He is so weak that he can not carry the load.
He did the work such that the manager rebuked
him.
The tea is so hot that I cannot drink it.
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Note: In negative sentence ‘as’ is used in stead of ‘that’.
He is not so weak as I thought.
He is not so intelligent as you (are).

34. Adverbial Clause of Purpose
• It indicates the purpose of the action of
the principal clause.
• It start with– that, so that, in order that,
lest
Examples:
We eat that/ so that/ in order that we may live.
He works hard so that he can shine in life.
Run fast that you may get the prize.
Come closer in order that you may hear me.
Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
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35. Adverbial Clause of Concession/contrast
• It expresses the opposite thought of
principal clause.
• Adverb Clause of “concession“ start
with: “although, even if, even, though, ”.
Examples:
They went on a field trip although it was raining.
Though he is poor , he is honest.
Even if you pay the money now, you will not given
the goods.
Even if you beg excuse now he will not be kind.
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36. Group Work
In the passage below, underline the
underline the five adverb clauses.
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37. Passage
I went back to the Devon School not long ago, and found it looking
oddlynewerthanwhenIwasastudenttherefifteenyearsbefore.It
seemed more sedate than I remembered it, more perpendicular
and straight-laced, with narrower windows and shinier woodwork,
as though a coat of varnish had been put over everything for better
preservation. But, of course, fifteen years before there had been a
wargoingon....
I didn’t entirely like this glossy new surface, because it made the
schoollooklikeamuseum,andthat’sexactlywhatitwastome,and
what I did not want it to be. In the deep, tacit way in which feeling
becomes stronger than thought, I had always felt that the Devon
School came into existence the day I entered it, was vibrantly real
while I was a student there, and then blinked out like a candle the
dayIleft.
—fromASeparatePeace,byJohnKnowles
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38. Check you Answer
1. ………oddly newer than when I was a
student there fifteen years before
2. ………. more sedate than I remembered it
3. ……….shinier woodwork, as though a coat
of varnish had been put over everything
for better preservation
4. ………new surface, because it made the
school look like a museum
5. ……vibrantly real while I was a student
there,
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39. Pair work
Each of the proverbial sayings of the
next slide contains an adverb clause.
Identify the adverb clause in each
sentence.
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40. Practice-1
1. Whilethecat'saway,themicewillplay.
2. Alietravelsaroundtheworldwhiletruthisputtingherbootson.
3. If you don't know where you are going, any road will get you
there.
4. Memoryisdeceptivebecauseitiscoloredbytoday'sevents.
5. Neverlookdownonanybodyunlessyou'rehelpinghimup.
6. You have to kiss a lot of toads before you find a handsome
prince.
7. Whenever you find yourself on the side of the majority, it is time
topauseandreflect.
8. Lifeiswhathappenswhenyouaremakingotherplans.
9. As soon as you forbid something, you make it extraordinarily
appealing.
10. Everythingisfunny,aslongasit'shappeningtosomebodyelse.
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41. Answer of Practice-1
1. While the cat's away,
2. While truth is putting her boots on.
3. If you don't know where you are going,
4. Because it is colored by today's events.
5. Unless you're helping him up.
6. Before you find a handsome prince.
7. Whenever you find yourself on the side of the
majority,
8. When you are making other plans.
9. As soon as you forbid something,
10.As long as it's happening to somebody else.
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42. Evaluation
1. Define an adverb clause.
2. Define an elliptical adverb clause.
3. Mention any three types of an
adverb clause.
4. Say the punctuation rules with an
adverb clause.
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43. Home work
Fill in the chart that has been given
to you, determining how to tell the
difference between an adjective and
an adverb clause.
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44. Chart
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ADJECTIVE
CLAUSE
ADVERB
CLAUSE
What type of word
does it modify?
What is it
introduced by?
What question does
this clause answer?
Where can the
clause appear in the
sentence?

45. Departure
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46. after In as much as than
although in case (that) that
as in order (that) though
as far as insofar as till
as soon as in that unless
as if lest until
as though no matter how when
because now that whenever
before once where
even if provided (that) wherever
even though since whether
how so that while
if supposing (that) why
Subordinating conjunction
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