Its have training in IIT-BHU Varanasi

1. WELCOME
To
All Of You
Department of Civil Engineering
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2. SUMMER INTERNSHIP
AT
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
(B.H.U.) , VARANASI
PREPARED BY :-ABHINAV VERMA
B.Tech. (Civil Engineering) 4th year
Roll No.1464100002
ASHOKA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT
VARANASI
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3. A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF
G+3 STOREY BUILDING
USING STAAD PRO vi8 Software
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4. Under a Guidance of:-
Dr. Pabitra Ranjan Maiti
Associate Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
IIT-BHU, Varanasi
DURATION OF PROJECT WORK:- 6 WEEKS
[JUNE 2017-JULY 2017]
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5. CERTIFICATE
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6. Flow ofwork
 Introduction
 Scope of work
 Aim of project
 Introduction of analysis and design
 Design of structural elements
 Beam
 Column
 Slab
 Footing
 Problem definition
 Plan of residential building
 Analysis and design of building in STAAD. Pro. 6

7. INTRODUTION
 In every aspect of human civilization we needed structures to live in or
to get what we need. But it is not only building structures but to build
efficient structures so that it can fulfill the main purpose for what it was
made for. Here comes the role of civil engineering and more precisely
the role of analysis of structure.
 There are many classical methods to solve design problem, and with
time new software’s also coming into play. Here in this project work
based on software named Staad pro has been used.
 Few standard problems also have been solved to show how Staad pro
can be used in different cases. These typical problems have been solved
using concept basic of loading, analysis, condition as per IS code.
These techniques may be basic found useful for further analysis of
problems. 7

8. SCOPE OF WORK
Following points will be covered in project work:-
 Study of design of various elements of building
 Planning of various components of a building with column positioning
 Introduction of STAAD.Pro v8i.
 Modeling of the building in the STAAD.Pro v8i giving all boundary
conditions (supports, loading etc…)
 Analysis and Design of various structural components of the modal building
 Study of analysis Data of the software
 Detailing of beams, columns, slab with section proportioning and
reinforcement. 8

9. AIM OF PROJECT
 This project aims for relearning of concept of structural design with the help of
computer aids. Briefly we have gone through following points through out of the
project work.
 Understanding of design and detailing concept.
 Main objective i.e. learning of STAAD.Pro software package.
 Learning of analysis and design methodology which can be very useful in the field.
 Understanding of earthquake resistance design concept.
 Approach for professional practice in the field of structural engineering.
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10. INTRODUCTION OF ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
Analysis : Analysis of the structure means to determination of the internal forces like axial
compression bending moment, shear force etc. in the component member for which the
member are to be designed under the action of given external load.
Design : The design is process of section percussion from the analysis results by
using suitable analysis method.
The aim of design is to achievement of an acceptable probability that structures
being designed will perform Satisfactory & Savely during their intended life.
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11. Design of Structural Elements
 The design of any structure is categorized into the following two main types:
 Functional design
 Structural design
 Stages in structural design :
 The process of structural design involves the following stages:
 Structural planning
 Action of forces and computation of loads
 Method of analysis
 Member design
 Detailing, drawing and preparation of schedules 11

12. BEAM
There are three types of reinforced concrete beams:-
 Single Reinforced beams
 Double Reinforced beams
 Flanged beams
Single Reinforced beams :
In singly reinforced simply supported beams steel bars are placed near the bottom of
the beam where they are effective in resisting in the tensile bending stress.
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13. DESIGN STEPS OF SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM
Step:- 1 Find the Actual Depth (x)
Compression Side; = 0.36*fck*b*x
Tension Side; = 0.87*fy*Ast
Step:-2 Find the Critical Depth (xc)
xc = 0.53d ;for Fe250
0.48d; for Fe415
0.46d; for Fe500
Step:-3 Find Type of Section
i. Under reinforcement section ( x<xc )
ii. Balance section (x=xc)
iii. Over reinforcement section (x>xc)
Step:-4 Analysis Condition
If section is under reinforcement the take a moment from tension Side.
If section is over reinforcement than take a moment from compression Side.
If section is Balance section than take either from tension side or compression Side.
Step:-5 Find the Moment of Resistance
For Compression Side: M.o.R = 0.36fckbd (d-0.42x)
For Tension Side: M.o.R = 0.87fyAst (d-0.42x)
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14. Double reinforced beams
It is reinforced under compression tension regions. The necessities of steel of compression
region arise due to two reasons. When depth of beam is restricted. The strength availability
singly reinforced beam is in adequate.
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15. DESIGN STEPS OF DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM
Step:-1 Actual Depth of Neutral Axis
Compression Side: 0.36fckbx + (fsc-0.45fck)Asc
Tension Side: 0.87fyAst
0.36fckbx + (fscAsc-0.45fck) = 0.87fyAst
Step:-2 Find the Critical Depth (xc)
xc = 0.53d ;for Fe250
0.48d; for Fe415
0.46d; for Fe500
Step:-3 Calculate the Moment of Resistance
MR1 = 0.36fckbx (d-0.42x)
MR2 = (fsc-0.45fck)Asc (d-dc)
MR=MR1+MR2
Compression Side:0.36fckbx (d-0.42x) + (fsc-0.45fck)Asc (d-dc)
Where, fsc = 0.87fy
Tension Side: 0.87fyAst (d-0.42x)
Step:-4 Find Area of Steel
Ast1 =
𝑀𝑅1
0.87𝑓𝑦(𝑑−0.42𝑥)
Ast2 =
𝑀𝑅2
0.87𝑓𝑦(𝑑−𝑑 𝑐)
Asc =
𝑀𝑅2
𝑓𝑠𝑐−0.45𝑓 𝑐𝑘 𝑑−𝑑 𝑐
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16. Flanged beams
There are two types of flanged beam
1. T - beam
2. L - beam
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17. SLAB
Slabs are most widely used structural elements forming floor and roof of building. Slab
support mainly transverse load and transfer them to supports by bending actions more or one
directions.
On the basis of spanning direction: It is two type One way slabs and Two way slab.
One way slab: When the slab is supported on two opposite side parallel edges, it spans
only in the directions perpendicular to the supporting edges. It bends in one directions and
main steel is provided in the directions of the span. Such a slab is known as one- way slab
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18. DESIGN STEPS OF SLAB
Design steps:
a) Effective depth (d):
As per IS: 456-2000, P.37, Cl.23.2.1
l/d= 20* M.F.
b) Effective span: (IS 456-2000, P 34)
Reinforcement requirements
Minimum reinforcement : ( As per IS: 456-2000, P.48, Cl.26.5.2.1)
For Fe-250 pt = 0.15% of total c/s area (b*D)
For Fe-415
For Fe-500 pt = 0.12% of total c/s area
c) Check for cracking : (as per IS:456-2000,P.46 )
Check for deflection:
Allowable l/d= 20* M.F.
Find Actual l/d
d) Checking for development length (Ld) : (as per IS:456-2000, P.44, Cl.26.2.3.3 (c))
Ld should be ≤ 1.3 M 1/ v + Lo
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19. Design Steps:-
 As the coefficient for D.L. and L.L. are different, for D.L. and L.L. are
calculated separately.
 In one way continuous slab, negative bending moment will be produced at the top of
intermediate supports. Thus, negative reinforcement is provided over intermediate supports.
 For B.M. calculations, coefficient gives in IS: 456, table-12 is multiplied by wl2.
 For S.F. calculations, coefficient gives in IS: 456, table-13 is multiplied by wl.
 Maximum shear occur at the support next to the end support. Therefore, slab must be
checked for shear at this support.
 The slab must be checked for deflection at the locations of maximum positive
B.M.
 The slab must be checked for development length at the end support.
 For calculation of S.F. and B.M., IS: 456-2000, P.36. 19

20. FOOTING
Foundations are structural elements that transfer loads from the building or individual
column to the earth .If these loads are to be properly transmitted, foundations must be
designed to prevent excessive settlement or rotation, to minimize differential settlement and
to provide adequate safety against sliding and overturning.
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21. COLUMN
A column may be defined as an element used primary to support axial
compressive loads and with a height of a least three times its lateral dimension.
The strength of column depends upon the strength of materials, shape and size of cross
section, length and degree of proportional and dedicational restrains at its ends.
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22. Problem definition……
Plan of Residential Building
 Analysis and design of structural components of G+3 Storey building
 Analysis for – Dead Load ,Live Load
 Location – BHU Hostel Varanasi
 Software Name :- Staad Pro v8i (Series 6)
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23. INTRODUCTION OF STAAD PRO SOFTWARE
 STAAD. PRO is a Structural Design Program software.
 It includes a state of the art user interface, visualization tools and
international design codes.
 It is used for 3D model generation, analysis and muiti –material
design.
 The commercial version of STAAD.Pro supports several steel ,
concrete and timber design codes.
 It is one of the software applications created to help structural
engineers to automate their tasks and to remove the tedious and long
procedures of the manual methods.
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24. HISTORY OF STAAD.Pro
 STAAD.Pro was originally developed by Research Engineers
International in Yorba Linda ,CA.
 In late 2005, Research Engineer International was bought by
Bentley Systems.
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25. STRUCURE
 A STRUCTURE can be defined as an assemblage of elements. STAAD is
capable of analyzing and designing structures consisting of both frame, and
Finite element. Almost any type of structure can be analyzed by STAAD .
Frame element – Beam elements- 2 nodes
Finite elements – 1)Plate – 3 or 4 nodes
2) Solid – 4 to 8 nodes
 In case of STAAD
 Node become Joint it has a number and xyz coordinates
 Beam becomes Member it has a number and nodes at its ends
 Plate becomes Element it has a number and node at its corners
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26. TYPES OF STRUCTURE
• A TRUSS structure consist of truss members which can have only axial member forces and no
bending in the member.
• A PLANE structure is bound by a global X-Y coordinate system with load applied in same
plane.
• A SPACE structure, which is a three dimensional framed with load applied in any plane, is the
most general.
• A FLOOR structure is a two or three dimensional structure having no horizontal (global X or Z)
movement of the structure [FX,FZ & MY are restrained at every point ].The floor framing ( in
global X- Z plane) of a building is an ideal example of a FLOOR structure . Columns can also
be modelled with the floor in FLOOR structure as long as the structure has no horizontal
loading . If there is any horizontal load ,it must be analyzed as a SPACE structure.
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27. 27

28. GETTING STARTED
STAAD WINDOW
Data Area
Main Window
Page
Control
Tool Bar
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29. TOOLS USED
All this options is used to see the view of structure from various side.
Rotation can be done by rotating the option.
To zoom the structure and return to previous these are required.
If you want to return the whole structure use this.
To see the 3D render view use 29

30. Various types of cursors
 Various selection: Selection are found for various part such as
node, beam, surface, plate, solid.
Nodes Cursor
Beam Cursor
Plates Cursor
Surface Cursor
Solid Cursor
Geometry Cursor 30

31. PAGE CONTROL IN VARIOUS MODES
Page Control in Page Control in
Modeling Mode Post- processing Mode
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32. STEP TO PROCEED…..
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33. WIZARD
From
geometry
Here various types o
Structures is given under
each Main division for
choice
Here Various types of
division of Structure is
given for choice
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34. ASSIGNING PROPERTY
Assigning a Property means to provide dimensions such as width,
thickness etc. to beams columns slab etc.
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35. SUPPORTS
1.There are three types of
supports provided to a structure
• Fixed Support
• Pinned Support
• Roller Support
2. There are options provided in
Staad for pinned and Fixed
Supports while roller support
has to be created by releasing
the Fx and Mz components
using fixed but.
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36. ASSIGNING LOADS
• Any structure is subjected to basically these types of loads-
1. Dead Load
2. Live Load
• Dead load includes the self weigh of the structure while live load
consists of Superimposed load.
• In addition to a structure is also subjected to wind and seismic or
earthquake forces.
• While designing a structure subjected to wind and earthquake
forces we also have to provide definition along with various load
cases. 36

37. After creating various load cases we have to assign them to the
structure. For this we have to first select that part of the
structure on which load has to be assigned and then assign it to
that part
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38. • Continued….
In case of structure subjected to wind and earthquake forces wind and
seismic definitions need to be provided
• After providing these only the load cases should be entered.
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39. ANALYSIS
After all the above stated steps structure has to be analyzed.
Analysis of a structure means to find out the reactions and displacements and
deflection at various nodes of a structure.
After analysis we are able to see shear moment and deflection for each member.
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40. After performing analysis window which contains a report of
analysis gets opened. This window shows the warning and errors
which might have occurred.
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41. Continued…..
In the post processing mode we are to be see the reactions, displacement
,deflections, shear force and bending moments for various members
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42. 3D-VIEW
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43. DESIGN
 After analysis a structure has to be designed to carry loads acting
on it considering a certain factor of safety.
 In India structures are designed by using various Indian codes for
both concrete and steel structures.
 The design in STAAD.Pro support over 70 international codes
and over 20 U.S. codes in 7 languages.
 After designing the structure it is again analyzed and results of
analysis for each beam and column is shown in output file
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44. Advantages of staad.pro
Following are the advantages of STAAD.Pro:-
1. Cover all aspects of structural engineering
2. Board spectra of design codes
3. International odes
4. Quality assurance
5. Reports and documentation
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45. conclusion
 Staad pro is widely used by most of the organization for their
construction needs.
 Unfortunately , well skilled staad pro engineers are very hard to search.
 If we believe in the prediction of the industry expert then those students
who will getting trained on Staad pro in the current and upcoming two
year will have bright and successful career ahead in the real state and
construction domain’
 By attending this STAAD.Pro we were able to learn various feature of
STAAD.Pro which will be very helpful in the near future.
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