The document summarizes the lymphatic drainage of major organs. It describes how the lymphatic vessels from the gastrointestinal tract drain into lymph nodes along blood vessels and ultimately into the cisterna chyli and thoracic duct. It also outlines the lymphatic drainage patterns of the liver, spleen, male and female genital tracts, and mediastinum.
3. lymphatic drainage
lymphatic capillaries in the
interstitial space, organized into
lymphatic vessels and lymph
nodes [located along the course of
the blood vessels and are named
accordingly. e.g. left gastric
nodes, splenic nodes, paraaortic
nodes, coeliac nodes etc.]
All lymph of GIT drains into the
cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, finally
drains into the left subclavian vein.
4. lymphatic drainage of the oesophagus
cervical oesophagus drains into deep cervical
nodes
thoracicoesophagus drains into posterior
mediastinal nodes
abdominal oesophagus drains into preaortic
and coeliac nodes
5. lymphatic drainage of the stomach
Area I
superior 2/3 rd drains along Lt. and Rt. gastric
vessels to aortic nodes
Area II
drains along Rt. gastroepiploic vessel to
subpyloric nodes then into aortic nodes
Area III
drains along short gastric, splenic
vessels, superior pancreatic nodes then into
aortic nodes
6. Lt. gastric nodes
cisterna chyli
Rt. Gastric nodes III
aortic nodes I splenic nodes
superior pancreatic nodes
Subpyloric nodes
II
8. lymphatic drainage of the large
intestine
drains into the central nodes located at
the origin of the superior and inferior
mesenteric arteries
through epicolic, paracolic, intermediate
nodes
10. lymphatic drainage of the rectum
drain into
pararectal nodes
nodes along vessels supplying the rectum and then into
para-aortic nodes at the origin of the IMA
drainage is mainly upwards
upper half
along superior rectal vessels to inferior mesenteric
nodes
lower half
along middle rectal vessels to internal iliac nodes
11. lymphatic drainage of the anal canal
upper canal drains into internal iliac nodes
lower part drains into superficial inguinal nodes
13. clinical relevance
Drainage area of particular group of lymph
nodes
Primary site of pathology
Spread of infection
Spread of malignant tumours (lymphatic
spread)
Stagingof disease ( TNM classification )
Treatment
Prognosis
15. Lymphatic Drainage
50 tracheobronchial lymph nodes :
Some of the largest lymph nodes in the
body.
Include:
Paratracheal
Superior tracheobronchial
Inferior tracheobroncial
Bronchopulmonary
Pulmonary
16. Lymph Drainage of Thoracic Cavity
Parasternal nodes:
- Lie behind sternum along course of internal
thoracic artery.
- Receive lymph from thoracic wall, upper
anterior abdominal wall, and diaphragm.
- Also receive significant amount of lymph from
mammary gland.
-Drain into parasternal lymph channel.
17. Posterior intercostal nodes:
-Lie in posterior intercostal space between
heads of ribs.
-Receive lymph from thoracic wall and
paravertebral regions.
-Drain into thoracic duct:
From left and lower right.
-Drain into right lymphatic duct:
From upper right.
18. Diaphragmatic nodes:
-Lie on upper surface of diaphragm.
-Receive lymph from
diaphragm, pericardium, upper surface of liver.
-Drain to parasternal and posterior
mediastinal nodes.
19. Posterior mediastinal nodes:
Lie along esophagus and descending
thoracic aorta.
Brachiocephalic nodes:
Lie along brachiocephalic veins.
21. Thoracic Duct
-Begins in abdomen on right side of midline.
-Receives most of lymph from body below
diaphragm.
-Drains left side of thoracic cavity and part of
right.
-Receives lymph from left internal jugular lymph
CONTD
trunk. …
22. -Receives lymph from left subclavian lymph
trunk.
-Empties into venous system at junction of:
Left internal jugular vein.
Left subclavian vein.
23. Right Lymphatic Duct:
-Drains upper right thoracic cavity, right upper
extremity, and right side of head and neck.
-Empties into venous system at junction of:
Right internal jugular vein.
Right subclavian vein.
25. Liver
Superficial
and most deep lymph vessels
converge at the porta and end in the hepatic
lymph nodes (eg. Cystic LN near GB neck or
LN of omental foramen)
Hepatic LN’s drain into coeliac LN’s around
the coeliac trunk, then thoracic duct
Some deep lymph vessels follow hepatic
veins to IVC foramen in diaphragm and end in
middle phrenic LN’s
31. Lymphatics of The Prostate
Lymph vessels terminate in internal iliac and
sacral lymph nodes
Some vessels from posterior surface pass
with lymph vessels from bladder to external
iliac LN’s
32. Lymphatics of The Penis
The skin of the penis is drained into the medial
group of superficial inguinal nodes.
The deep structures of the penis are drained
into the internal iliac nodes.