The document discusses water pollution in India. It outlines various sources of water pollution including agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and pesticides, industrial and domestic waste, and mining waste. This pollution poses hazards such as increased nutrients causing algal blooms and fish kills, contamination with chemicals and pathogens harming public health. Remedial measures discussed include preventing pollution, treating sewage, reducing agricultural chemical use, maintaining drainage, and scientifically examining water quality and contamination levels. The presentation aims to raise awareness about water pollution impacts and solutions.
WATER POLLUTION - HUMAN IMPACT & REMEDIES (Benz Jr.)
1. The Contamination of water with
undesirable substances which make it
unfit for usage is termed water Pollution .
WATER POLLUTION
HAZARDS & REMEDIAL MEASURES
Presented By :
Aby Benz
Shibi Joy
Dept. Of Physics
2. WATER POLLUTION
GLOBAL IMPACTS
Oceans are polluted by oil spills.
Nuclear wastes disposed from nuclear plants.
Warm water dumping from thermal plant
Oil mining leakage causes fatal damages
coral-reef
Disappearance of crustaceans
Sediments from construction sites...
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3. WATER POLLUTION
DOMESTIC IMPACT
Chalakudy, Periyar, Muvattupuzha, Meenachil, Pamba and
Achenkovil indicacates major bacteriological pollution due to
dumping of waste,bathing & discharge of effluents
Ground water quality is affected by chemical & biological
contaminents . About 60% of population relies on ground water.
Ground water exploitation & contamination by industries &
multi-nation co-operates reported from Kochi, Palakad,
Kollam, Kannur
4. WATER POLLUTION
By Agricultural Sector
HAZARDS
Fertizing or manure spreading – Nutrient run-off, phosphorus
leading to eutrophication, algal growth, fish kills, seepage to
groundwater, nitrate in wells
Pesticides run-off- contamination of surface water and biota,
dysfunction of ecosystems, loss of top predators, public health
impact
Livestock corrals, contamination of surface water with bacteria,
viruses, antibiotics
5. By Agricultural Sector
WATER POLLUTION
HAZARDS
Irrigation- run-off of salts, salinization, fertilizers,
pesticides leading to ecosystem damage
Clear cutting, erosion, high turbidity, siltation, higher rate of run-off
Silviculture, erosion and sedimentation problems
Aquaculture, release of high levels of nutrients,
serious eutrophication
6. WATER POLLUTION
HAZARDS
Industrial sector (400 mill tons per year – 70% not treated
By Industrial sector
in developing countries)
Microbiological contaminants, bacteria, viruses
Chemicals e.g. solvents, organic and inorganic pesticides, PCBs
Metals, lead, mercury, zinc, copper
Nutrients
Particulates and sediments
Warm effluents
Pharmaceuticals
7. WATER POLLUTION
Mining & domestic wastes
HAZARDS
Acid drainage (pH 2-3) – Colorado State 23,000 abandone
mines have polluted 2,300 km of stream
Waste material as by products
Materials used in extraction or processing (e.g. mercury)
House holdwastes such as garbages,sewage ,effuent etc
Septic tank over flows & improper disposal septic wastes
8. WATER POLLUTION
HUMAN IMPACT
Biological hazards :
Cholera , Ameobiasis, Dysentery, Diarrhoea
Hepatitis A
Malaria
Polio
Chemical hazards :
Lead poisoning
Arsenic Posoning
Flurosis
Trachoma
Arsenic poisoning
Severe flouride effects
Trachoma
Schistosomiasis
9. WATER POLLUTION
REMEDIAL MEASURES
Difference b/w evil cycle and good cycle
The Good Circle
The Evil Circle
High Nutrients
Low Nutrients
Manyplanktivors
Few planktivors
Few predators
Many predators
Few zooplankton
Many zooplankton
Murkywater
Clear water
Many planktonic algae
Few planktonic algae
No vegetation
Vegetation
10. WATER POLLUTION
REMEDIAL MEASURES
Remedial measure can be adopted in two steps :
Prevention of water pollution sources & conversion of the
sources to other uses .( Bio-gas, Bio-tec )
2. Reduction of contaminants from the water sources in a
sustainable way
1.
Sewage treatment process
Bore well construction
11. 1. Prevention
WATER POLLUTION
REMEDIAL MEASURES
Drainage systems should be well maintained and disposed .
Medical wastes & hospital sewages should be eco-friendly disposed
Usage of super bugs to reduce the oil contents over oceans
Reduce the bore well usage which exploits ground water
Awareness program should be periodically scheduled .
Scientific usage of chemical fertilizers & pesticides
Adopt scientific methods to destruct nuclear wastes
Mosquito eradication
Sewage treatment plant
12. 2. Reduction
WATER POLLUTION
REMEDIAL MEASURES
For the reduction process water quality & contaminants has to be identified .
HACH TEST KIT - SCIENTIFIC EXAMINATION
Sampling
– Labbakadavu region, Muvattupuzha
Adimali, region ,Idukki
Objectives
Constituents that can be toxic to biota & intense of contamination
Changes in levels of pH
Record Levels of fluoride, Chloride, Nitrate, Iron
Changes in temperature
13. WATER POLLUTION
HAZARDS & REMEDIAL MEASURES
References
Manorama online
Manorama Year book 2013 & 14
State of Environmental and
Related issues (kerenvis.nic.in)
14. WATER POLLUTION
HAZARDS & REMEDIAL MEASURES
Thank You
“Lets do our part and pray for better tomorrow”