12. Types Of Fibres Adapted from Elvins et al. (1995) ‘Materials Chemistry in Everyday Life’, Heinemann Chemistry in Context, Chemistry One Second Ed. Southbank Books, Port Melbourne. FIBRES Natural Synthetic Plant based (cellulose): Cotton Linen Hemp Jute Mineral Asbestos (rarely used) Animal Based (protein) Wool Silk Cashmere Angora Metal Wires Filaments Lurex Synthetic Nylon Polyester Acrylics Elastomers Polypropylene Regenerated Viscose Rayon Casein Seaweed based Inorganic Glass Carbon Quartz Ceramics
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21. Nano-Textiles: Military Applications Nano-fabrics offer the following possibilities to the military: Image: soldiersmediacenter@flickr - Instant camouflage to environment; - manipulate light to make soldiers invisible; - Change a shirt-sleeve into a splint or cast; - Possess built-in sensors of soldiers’ physical condition and location; - Weave radio communications directly into the uniform's fabric; - Automatically administer medicines & transmit vital signs to distant medics; - Provide impact protection materials and systems; - Provide chemical and biological protection.
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23. Unique Textiles Many companies are currently using nanotechnology to create unique textiles.
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25. What If? What if your clothes could always smell like your favourite fragrance? Image: derek7272@flickr “ Research scientists at Bayer Chemicals have developed a new technology for ‘packaging’ fragrances in an ultra-thin nanofilm to form microcapsules. Leather and textiles sprayed with these microcapsules then release a soothing or exotic fragrance…..when subjected to pressure”.
Image thanks to http://www.flickr.com/photos/9229859@N02/2089981862/ (creative commons license) See http://www.abc.net.au/science/news/stories/2007/2079618.htm for more info.
Image thanks to http://www.flickr.com/photos/decor8/729266672/ (creative commons license)
Figure adapted from Elvins et al. (1995) ‘Materials Chemistry in Everyday Life’, Heinemann Chemistry in Context, Chemistry One Second Ed. Southbank Books, Port Melbourne.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/soldiersmediacenter/2530663861/ Military nanotechnology research may lead to civilian use Nanotechnology is not only getting big in industry, but the military is investing time and money into the field. That is why the U.S. Army just initiated the Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (ISN)?a $50 million and 150-person initiative that will serve as the Army's center of expertise in the application of nanotechnology. The ISN's goal will be to increase the "protection and survivability" of U.S. soldiers with new technologies that target six priorities: threat detection, threat neutralization, automated medical treatment, concealment, enhanced human performance, and reduced logistical footprints. Reducing logistical footprints are especially important to an in-field soldier whose standard-issue gear now weighs upwards of 100 pounds. The goal is reducing the load to about 45 pounds. The high-tech uniforms and gear are the key components of the U.S. Department of Defense's vision for flexible, self-sufficient soldiers who could quickly get into rugged and unpredictable terrain. Although the final version of the U.S. soldier's uniform of the future is still several years away, researchers expect their work at the ISN will pay off sooner for the civilian world. Ferromagnetic materials already reduce vibration in engines; other commercial use will come in stronger materials and novel microphotonic devices. The nanotechnology-based uniforms in development for soldiers may also protect law enforcement officers, firefighters, and other emergency responders in the future, too. One of the partner companies, DuPont, is exploring nanotechnology and developing protective lightweight molecular materials to equip U.S. soldiers with uniforms and gear that help protect them, shield them, and heal them in the field. Researchers are developing nanotechnology-based materials, including protective lightweight uniforms and "smart" gear. A few examples of "smart" functionality are items that can: - Change colors on command to camouflage in changing environments?even manipulate light to make soldiers invisible in the field. - Change a shirtsleeve into a splint or a pant leg into a rigid cast in the field if a soldier is injured. - Possess built-in sensors of each soldier's physical condition and location in the battlefield so command posts can monitor soldiers from a distance. - Weave radio communications materials directly into the uniform's fabric?providing soldiers flexibility and lighter loads. - Automatically administer medicines and transmit vital signs to distant medics?who could then potentially perform medical triage on soldiers in the field. - Provide impact protection materials and systems including ballistic and shrapnel. - Provide chemical and biological protection materials and systems. Other ISN industrial partners are Raytheon, Partners Healthcare, Dow Corning, Triton Systems, Dendritic Nanotechnologies, Nomadics, Carbon Nanotechnologies, and W.L. Gore and Associates.
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