The document summarizes the Haitian Revolution from 1791-1803. It provides background on Haiti, including that it was a French colony called Saint Domingue that was the richest in the world due to its production of sugar and coffee. The revolution was sparked by growing discontent among slaves and free black people influenced by the ideals of the French Revolution. After numerous slave revolts, Haiti gained independence from France under the leadership of Toussaint Louverture, becoming the first black-led republic. However, Haiti struggled economically after being required to pay a large indemnity to France.
2. 1)General information about Haiti
2)Historical background
3)The revolution :
A) Causes of revolution
B) During the revolution
C) Result of revolution
4) A note on statistics in Haiti
3. According to one week of
research, I could say that
Hattian revolution win to
declare the independent
only. However, Hattians
failed to control this
territory among all sectors
… France, Spain & Britain
shaped this failure.
4. • Capital : Port-au-Prince
• Languages : French, Spanish& Haitian
• Religion : Christen& catholic
• Unitary semi-presidential republic
• Legislature : Parliament
Upper House: Senate
Lower House: Chamber of Deputies
CIA FACTBOOK,2015
5. - Haiti was called Ayti
- Columbus discovered Ayti in 1492, re-
named to Hispaniola.
- In 1697 Spain share ceded the western
part of Hispaniola to France.
- France re-named the part to Domingue.
6. The starting point of the Haitian Revolution started
with the beginning of the enlightenment period
Over 20 slaves revolts had happened throughout
the Caribbean during this time
France, in 1789, declared the Declaration of Rights
of Man (proclaimed all men as free)
The French Revolution itself inspired many people in
the colonies to revolt and try to gain freedom
Rivalries between different sectors of the island
7. The Declaration of the Rights of
Man (August 27, 1789)
• How would the Declaration of the Rights of
Man influence a revolt in Haiti?
“Article 1. Men are born and remain free and equal
in rights. Social distinctions may only be founded
upon the general good.”
“ The aim of all political association is the
preservation of the natural and imprescriptibly
rights of man. These rights are liberty, property,
security and resistance to oppression”
8. • The Haitian Revolution took place on the Caribbean island of Saint
Domingue
• Saint Domingue, during this time period, was the richest colony in
the world and under French control
• Saint Domingue produced 40% of France’s foreign trade and
supplied two fifths of the world’s sugar and half of the world’s coffee
• The island was centered around a complex and rigid caste system
comprising of whites, free Africans, and slaves
9. Pierre Domingue Toussaint Louverture
• Leader of forces against Napoleon
and the French and expelled all
invading forces
• Became the first governor of Haiti
• Was well loved and respected by
both whites and Africans
10. Charles Leclerc
• Napoleon’s brother in law
• Sent to restore St. Domingue
to France and instill slavery
again
• Led a troop of mulatto
soldiers who had previously
been defeated (40,000 men)
• They were defeated and he
died of Yellow fever
11. • Haiti became the first independent non-European
state to be cared out of the European empire.
• Created a physiological blow to Europe by
calling themselves Haitians which means “black”.
12. The lowest members of society (slaves) became free, equal, independent
citizens
Haiti agreed to pay 65 million Francs in damages giving them no means by
which to become prosperous
13. Statistics from Haiti
1) Economy
• 59% of the population lives on less than US$2 per day (World Bank, 2012)
• 24.7% lives in extreme poverty on less than US$1.25 per day. (UNDP,2013)
• Poverty is mainly rural, at 75.2%, vs. 40.8% in urban areas. (MDG rpt ,2013)
• Over two-thirds of the labour force do not have formal jobs. (CIA Factbook ,2014)
14. 2) Education
• 50 percent of children do not attend school. (World Bank 2013)
• Approximately 30% of children attending primary school will not make
it to third grade; 60% will abandon school before sixth grade. (UNICEF
2008)
• Only 29 percent of Haitians 25 and above attended secondary
school. (USAID 2015)
• Almost 80 percent of teachers have not received any pre-service
training. (USAID 2015)
15. 3) Health & Nutrition
• 30% of the population is considered food insecure. (World Food Programme
2015)
• Infant mortality: 55 per 1000 births (UNICEF 2015)
• 59 per 1,000 born in Haiti die before reaching their first birthday (Ministry of
Health 2012)
• Under five mortality rate: 88 per 1000 live births (Ministry of Health 2012)
• “An estimated 1 in 285 births will result in a woman’s death, a ratio about 16
times higher than in the United States.” (Partners in Health 2014)
18. • Akamefula, Tiye, Camille Newsom, Burgey Marcos, and Jong Ho. "Causes of the
Haitian Revolution." Haitian Revolution. September 1, 2012. Accessed March 25,
2015. http://haitianrevolutionfblock.weebly.com/causes-of-the-haitian-
revolution.html.
• Ashli White, Encountering Revolution: Haiti and the Making of the Early Republic
(2010) p 139
• Baur, John. "International Repercussions of the Haitian Revolution." The Americas
26, no. 4 (1970).
• John E. Baur (1970). International Repercussions of the Haitian Revolution. The
Americas, 26, pp 394-418. doi:10.2307/980183.
• Newman, Simon P. "American Political Culture and the French and Haitian
Revolutions: Nathaniel Cutting and the Jeffersonian Republicans." The Impact of
the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World. Ed. David P. Geggus. (University of
South Carolina Press 2001).
