type of local rout

1. LOCAL ROUTE OF
DRUG
ADMINISTRATION
Dr. AJAY SINGH
GSVM medical
college kanpur

2. INTRODUCTION
• the first step in pharmacokinetic is the administration and
absorption of drug
• now day most of the drug can be administreted by
varitey of routs
• choice of appropriate rout in a given situation depends
both on drug as well as patient related factors
-physical and chemical properties of drug.
-site of desired action.
-rate of extent of absorption of the drug from different
routes.
-effect of digestive juices and first pass metabolism on the
drug.
-condition of patient.

3. DEFINITION
• systemic route • local routes
→a routes of drug administration is the path by
which a drug fluid, poision or other substance is
brought into contact with the body.
→on the basis of local and systemic action
routes can be broadly divided into→

4. LOCAL ROUTE
• These routes can only be used for
localized lesions at accessible sites.
• Systemic absorption of the drug from
these routes is minimal or absent.
• Thus high concentrations are attained at
the desired site without exposing the rest
of the body.

6. DIVISION OF LOCAL ROUTE
LOCAL
ROUTS
TOPICAL
DEEPER
TISSUES
ARTERIAL SUPPLY

7. Topical route:
This refers to external
application of the drug to the
surface for localized action.
EXAMPLES
• Ointments, creams ,lotions
and powders used for
Mucous membrane of eye,
ear, nose throat, mouth,
urinary bladder, vagina and
rectum

8. TYPE OF TROPICAL ROUTES
• enepidermic routes
• epidermic routes
• insufflation
• instillation
• irrigation or douching
• painting or swabbing

9. enepidermic route
• when the drug is simply
applied to the outer skin, it is
called enepidermic route of
drug administration.
• Examples → ointment and
antiseptic lotion

10. Epidermic route :
• When the drug is rubbed into
the skin, it is known as
epidermic route. Examples
include different oils

11. insufflation
• the blowing of a powder, vapor,
or gas into a body cavity.
• a drug administered by this
method, especially are powder
or aerosol carried into the
respiratory passages.
example→ salbutamol,
cromolyn sodium

12. Instillation
• the introduction of a
liquid (by pouring or
injection) drop by drop
into the conjunctival sac,
ear, nose and wounds.

13. Irrigation or
Douching
• This method is used for
washing a cavity e.g.
nasal cavity, urinary
bladder, uterus, vagina
and urethra. It is also
used for application of
antiseptic drugs.
example→ lidocane
applied to urethra

14. Painting/Swabbing
• Drugs are simply applied in
the form of lotion on
cutaneous or mucosal
surfaces of buccal, nasal
cavity and other internal
organs.
• example- vancomycine for g.i.
mucosa

15. DEEPER TISSUES
• Certain deep areas can be
approached by using a syringe and
needle, but the drug should be
such that systemic absorption is
slow;
example
• intra-articular
injection(hydrocortisone acetate)
• intra-thecal injection(lidocaine)
• retrobulbar injection(hydrocortisone
acetate)

16. ARTERIAL SUPPLY
• Close intra-arterial injection is used
for contrast media in angiography,
anticancer drug can be use in femoral
or bronchial artery to localise the
effect for limb malignancies.
• In these cases the drug is injected
into the artery that is supplying the
blood to the desired site .

18. advantages
• Convenient and easy to apply.
• For a skin rash or something of the sort, a
topical medication acts locally to where it
is applied, whereas an oral medication
works throughout the entire body.
• There is also a smaller chance of having
an allergic reaction because it only acts
where it has been applied.

19. disadvantages
• Skin irritation of contact dermatitis may
occur due to the drug.
• Drugs of larger particle size not easy to
absorb through the skin.
• Because topicals act locally, they do not
distribute themself throughout the body
and are quite useless as pain relievers.

20. REFERENCE
• KD tripathi
• wikipedia