1. Alternative Energy Sources And
Their Future Prospects In India
By- Pearl Monteiro (23), Lara Dsouza (46),
Akansha Ganguly (49) and Karl Pereira (57)

2. What do we mean by Alternative Sources Of
Energy?
• Natural resources such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, and
geothermal heat, which are renewable (naturally
replenished).
• Energy sources that have no undesired consequences on
the environment.
• Renewable, “free’’ sources.
• Have lower carbon emissions, compared to conventional
energy sources.

4. Energy Facts : A Focus On India
• Generating power through coal causes
nearly 70% of greenhouse gasses
produced in India. Coal and lignite
account for about 52% of India's installed
energy capacity.
• India’s carbon footprint is
approximately 1.275 billion tons annually,
making it the 4th biggest in producing
greenhouse gasses worldwide.

5. • We produce only 25% fuel of our total
requirement. The rest is all imported.
• The loss of power in transmission &
distribution is about 40% of total Energy
Production.
• Nearly 40% of the country’s total population
(urban and rural) lives without access to
electricity.
Energy Facts : A Focus On India

6. Renewable Power Potential Achieved
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Wind Power 20,000 MW 1,000 MW
Small Hydro Power 10,000 MW 172 MW
Biomass 20,000 MW 141 MW
Solar photo- voltaic Power 20 MW/sq.km 810 KW

7. SOLAR ENERGY
AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCE OF ENERGY

8. APPLICATIONS OF
SOLAR TECHNOLOGY.
1.) Solar power.
2.) Solar thermal.
3.) Solar lighting.
4.)Solar vehicles.

9. SOLAR POWER.
• Solar power is conversion of sunlight into electricity.
• Photovoltaic's (PV) or Concentrated solar power(CSP)
are used for conversion of light into electricity using
photoelectric effect.
• Solar power runs a wide range of devices, its suitable
for running homes, industries , and even for powering
satellite.
• Some solar powers plants in India:
i) Charanka solar park, Patan Gujarat.
ii) Mahindra solar park, Rajasthan.
iii) Thyagaraj stadium plant, Delhi.

10. SOLAR THERMAL
• Solar thermal consist of:
1.) Water heating:- Solar hot water systems use
sunlight to heat water. Temperatures up to 60◦C
can be provided by solar heating systems,
generally used for domestic purposes. Use of
solar heaters is well developed in India.
2.) Water treatment:- Solar distillation can be used
to make saline water potable. Solar energy may
be used in water stabilization pond to treat waste
water without chemicals.

11. Energy usage for domestic purposes

12. .
3.) Cooking:- Solar cookers use sunlight for
cooking , drying and pasteurization. The
worlds largest is located in Abu Road,
Rajasthan is capable to cook 35000 meals a
day.

13. SOLAR LIGHTING
• Solar lighting also works on photovoltaic cells
which convert light energy into electric energy.
• Solar lighting systems are suitable for both
domestic and commercial lighting application.
• Solar panels get charged during day time, at night
a photo cell sensor is used to turn on light.
• Solar lighting is easy and fast to install and also
economical.

14. SOLAR VEHICLES
•A solar vehicle is an electric vehicle powered
completely or significantly by direct solar energy.
• Usually, photovoltaic (PV) cells contained in solar
panels convert the sun's energy directly into electric
energy.
• The term "solar vehicle" usually implies that solar
energy is used to power all or part of a
vehicle's propulsion.

15. SOLAR ENERGY DISTRIBUTION

16. REASONS TO USE SOLAR ENERGY.....!!!
• GREEN
• RENEWABLE
• AVALIABLE ANYWHERE
• DURABLE
• ECO-FRIENDLY
• COST SAVINGS
• EASY INSTALLATION
• RELIABLE

17. Biomass Energy
•The term "biomass" refers to organic
matter that has stored energy through the
process of photosynthesis.
• It exists in one form as plants and may be
transferred through the food chain to
animals' bodies and their wastes, all of
which can be converted for everyday
human use through processes like
combustion .

19. Sources of Biomass
• Many of the biomass fuels used
today come in the form of wood
products, dried vegetation, crop
residues, and aquatic plants.

20. Various sources of biomass

21. Biomass projects
• India has been promoting biomass gasifier
technologies in its rural areas, to utilize
surplus biomass resources such as rice husk,
crop stalks, small wood chips .
• The goal was to produce electricity for villages
up to 2 MW capacities.

22. Small-scale gasifiers

23. Biomass projects in India
• During 2011, India installed 25 rice husk based
gasifier systems for power generation in 70 remote
villages of Bihar .
• During the year, biomass gasifier projects of 1.20
MW in Gujarat and 0.5 MW in Tamil Nadu were
successfully installed.

24. Biomass projects
• In 2011, India started a new initiative with the
aim to demonstrate medium size mixed feed
biogas-fertilizer pilot plants. This technology
aims for generation, purification,enrichment,
bottling and piped distribution of biogas.

25. Biomass plant

26. Other benefits
• Biomass power generation in India is an
industry that attracts investments of over INR
600 crores every year.
• It generates more than 5000 million units of
electricity and yearly employment of more
than 10 million man-days in the rural areas

27. Other benefits

28. Future of biomass
• Biomass has become one of the most commonly
used renewable sources of energy in the last two
decades, second only to hydropower in the
generation of electricity.
• It is such a widely utilized source of energy, probably
due to its low cost and indigenous nature, that it
accounts for almost 15% of the world's total energy
supply and its use will keep on increasing .

29. Future of biomass
• In particular there is a significant potential in
breweries, textile mills, fertilizer plants, the
paper and pulp industry, solvent extraction
units, rice mills, petrochemical plants and
other industries to harness biomass power.

31. WHY WIND ENERGY?
• IT’S A RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY.
• IT’S FREE
• IT’S A CLEAN RESOURCE AS THERE IS NO
EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH ITS USE.

33. HOW IS WIND ENERGY GENERATED?
THE TERM“WIND ENERGY”DESCRIBES THE
PROCESS BY WHICH WIND IS USED TO
GENERATE MECHANICALPOWEROR
ELECTRICTY.WINDTURBINES CONVERTTHE
KINETICENERGYINTHE WIND INTO
MECHANICAL POWER ANDTHIS POWER CAN
BE USED FOR SPECIFIC TASKS.

35. BENEFITS OF WIND ENERGY
• NO AIR EMISSION
• NO FUEL TO MINE,TRANSPORT OR STORE
• NO COOLING WATER
• NO WATER POLLUTION
• NO WASTES

36. WIND ENERGY FARMS
• A WIND ENERGY FARM IS A GROUP OF WIND
TURBINES IN THE SAME LOCATION FOR PRODUCTION
OF ELECTRICITY.
• A LARGE WIND ENERGY FARM CONSISTS OF SEVERAL
HUNDRED INDIVIDUAL WIND TURBINES AND COVER
AN EXTENDED AREA OF HUNDREDS OF SQUARE
MILES,BUT THE LAND BETWEEN THE TURBINES MAY
BE USED FOR AGRICULTURAL OR OTHER PURPOSES.

37. WIND ENERGY IN INDIA
• INDIA HAS THE FIFTH LARGEST INSTALLED
WIND CAPACITY IN THE WORLD.
• IN 2009-10 INDIA’S GROWTH RATE WAS
HIGHEST AMOUNG THE TOP FOUR
COUNTRIES.

38. • AS OF 31st MARCH 2011 THE INSTALLLED CAPACITY
OF WINDPOWER IN INDIA WAS 16078MW.
• WIND POWER ACCOUNTS FOR 6% OF INDIA’S TOTAL
INSTALLED POWER CAPACITY AND IT GENERATES
1.6% OF COUNTRY’S POWER.
• MAHARASHTRA IS 3rd only TO TAMIL NADU AND
GUJARAT IN TERMS OF GENERATING CAPACITY.
WIND ENERGY IN INDIA

39. WIND FARM IN KAYATHAR,TAMIL NADU

40. WIND FARM IN MUPPANDAL,TAMIL NADU

41. WIND-NATURAL GAS COMPARISION
• WIND
• Low operating cost
• High capital cost
• No fuel supply/cost risk
• No emissions
• NATURAL GAS
• High operating cost
• Low capital cost
• Fuel supply/cost risk
• Smog, greenhouse, gas
emissions.

42. WIND POWER ISN’T PERFECT
• Wind power ouput varies overtime.
• It is location dependent.(rural v/s urban where
it is needed most)
• Has environmental impacts.
• Can only meet part of the electrical load.

43. Conclusion
• Alternative energy sources have no or few
undesired consequences.
• If utilized properly there is no environmental
degradation.
• Alternative energy resources are renewable and
sustainable.