3. Why apply manure on land?
3
Method of recycling a natural, organic
byproduct.
Fertilizer for crop production in
sustainable agriculture
. Decrease costs of crop production.
4. What happens when manure is not
properly managed?
4
Damage to crops.
Risk of pollution.
Little benefit from fertilizer property.
Much of a good thing becomes a
problems
5. Value of manure to the soil..
5
Apart from nutrient to plants,
Improve soil tilth
Structure
Aeration and water holding properties
6. Maximize manure nutrient utilization
by crops i
6
sufficient land base for manure
spreading
Test soil and manure for nutrient levels
Determine release rates for nutrients in
manure
Calculate crop nutrient demands
Prevent loss of nutrients through surface
7. Maximize manure nutrient utilization
by crops ii
7
Reduce the loss of nitrogen to the
atmosphere
Minimize soil compaction and problems
with soil structure
Prevent leaching of nitrates into
groundwater
Prevent waterways pollution by manure
8. Application Rates i
8
Determine by overall nutrient
management plan
don’t try to provide all nutrients for a
crop with manure
o may not release nutrients at the right
balance and time.
o inadequate composition to meet crop
9. Application Rates ii
9
Test the macro-nutrient content of
manure.
(nitrogen, phosphorus and
potassium)
Test the soil to determine nutrient
levels
Know the nutrient needs of the crop
being grown
Provide 75% of the required nitrogen
with manure
10. Application Rates iii
10
While the nitrogen requirement determines
the amount of manure to apply,
Applying manure every year. may lead to
excessive levels of phosphorus and other
elements
Long-term benefits increase if manure is
spread over larger areas.
( The need for adequate land)
11. Application Rates iv
11
Unless both soil and manure tests
proves no risk of reaching excessive
nutrient levels
The ability of soil to soak up liquid
determines the rate of liquid manure
application
Tillage before application may help if
12. Spreading Considerations i
12
• Mix manure and soil as soon as possible after
spreading to
minimize odour
pollution from runoff
maximum fertilizer benefits
• 24 hours is recommended for surface applied
manure be
13. Spreading Considerations ii
13
liquid manure injected directly into soils is
recommended and best done
before preparing the seed bed
during the cropping season.
Nutrients are readily available to growing
plants.
Don’t apply manure under wet soil
condition in order to avoid soil compaction
14. Spreading Considerations iii
14
Prevent manure from getting into any
watercourse.
Don’t spread manure within,
30 meters (100 ft) of a watercourse on slopes
less than 5%
60 meters (200 ft) of a watercourse on slopes
greater than 5%
15. Timing Considerations
15
Best to apply manure before, or early in, the
growth stage of any crop
forms of nitrogen are available immediately to
plants
nutrients in organic form may be released
throughout the growing season
• If manure is spread late in the growing period or
after the growing season
reduced benefit to the crop
increased risk of nitrate leaching to groundwater
or surface runoff contaminating watercourses
16. Odour management i
16
• Manure spreading causes nuisance
odour
• The following management practices
minimizes the possibility of complaints
clean and well maintained transport
equipment will ensure that manure is not
deposited on public roads.
do not overload equipment.
if a spill occurs, clean the road
promptly.:
17. Odour management ii
17
avoid transporting manure on public roads
during
o high traffic such as rush hours
o before and after work,
o during lunch break
check the weather conditions before
spreading.
best weather for spreading
o sunny days with windy, cloudy nights.
18. Odour management iii
18
• Rain removes odours from the air
• Worst conditions are,
damp, humid weather with light
winds
• Spread in the morning when air is
warming and rising, rather than late
in the afternoon
• Consider the implications of
spreading on holidays and
weekends when neighbours are
19. Odour management iv
19
Notifying neighbours prior to spreading
on adjacent properties is a “good
neighbour” policy
The first 12 to 48 hours after spreading
are the worst period for odours.
Odours could last up to 10 days, with
very heavy application rates
Spread and till with soil method or
injecting into soil reduce the release of
odours
20. Odour management v
20
With injection, odours are less detectable at 70
meters
(230 ft) than they are at 400 meters (1,300 ft)
from surface
applied manure
• To prevent fly propagation.
apply composted manure to pastures and hay
fields
21. Odour management vi
21
Keep the discharge height of the slurry
as low as possible to reduce odours
during land application.
• Choose discharge methods that are
most effective for odour control.
Dribble bars or booms
- Bottom discharge tanker
- Top discharge tanker
22. Bibliography..
22
Agriculture Canada and Ontario.Ministry
of Agriculture and Food. Best
Management Practices. Livestock and
poultry waste management. Toronto:
OMAF:1994.
