1. Zigbee Based Patient Monitoring System

2. Contents:
 Introduction
 Block diagram of the project
 AT89S52
 Power supply
 Temperature Sensor
 Heart Beat Sensor
 ZIGBEE technology
 Comparison with other technologies
 Zigbee Based Patient Monitoring System
 Advantages
 Applications
 conclusion

3. Introduction:
 The patients in the ICU need a constant monitoring of their Temperature and heart
beat.
 This project incorporates sensors to measure important parameters.
 Any abnormality felt by the patient is indicated by an alarm signal.
 Works even when the patient is in unconscious state.
 The patient-staff ratio is very low, so these kind of advanced equipment is
necessary.

4. POWER SUPPLY
A
T
8
9
S
5
2
LCD DISPLAY
A
D
C
0
8
0
4
HEART BEAT SENSOR
TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
ZIGBEE MODULE
ZIGBEE MODULE MAX 232
PC
BLOCK DIAGRAM

5. AT89S52:
 Manufactured by AMTEL laboratories.
 Standard features like-
1. 8 Kbytes of flash.
2. 256 bytes of RAM.
3. 32 I/O lines.
4. 16-bit timer/counter.
5. Full duplex serial port.
6. On-chip oscillator.

6. AT89S52

7. AT89S52
 VCC: pin 40-power supply.
 GND: pin 20-grounded.
 Port 0,port 1,port 2, port 3 are 8-bit bi-directional I/O ports.
 RST: pin 9 is reset pin. It is active high.
 ALE/prog: It is an output pin and is active high.
 PSEN: Program Store Enable is the read strobe to external program memory.
 EA/VPP: Enables the device to fetch code from external device.
 XTAL1 & XTAL2 are input and output of oscillator amplifier.

8. Power supply

9. Temperature Sensor - LM35

10. Features of LM 35
LM35 is a precision IC temperature sensor with its
output proportional to the temperature.
 You can measure temperature more accurately than a
using thermistors. The sensor circuitry is sealed and
not subject to oxidation, etc.
Possesses a low self-heating capability
The output voltage is converted to temperature by a
simple conversion factor.
The operating temperature range is from -55°C to
150°C.

11. HEART BEAT SENSOR

12. Features of Heart Beat
Sensor
 The sensor consists of a super bright red LED and light
detector
Heat beat indication by LED
 Instant output digital signal for directly connecting to
microcontroller to measure Beats per Minute (BPM)
 Compact Size
 Working Voltage +5V DC
It works on the principle of light modulation by blood flow
through finger at each pulse.

13. ZIGBEE technology
 A very low cost, low power consumption two-way, wireless communications standard for
automation, toys, & PC peripherals.
 Low Power consumption
 6 months to 5 years battery life for most applications
 Low Cost
 At least half the cost of Bluetooth solutions
 High density of nodes per network
 250 nodes per network, multiple co-located networks
 Data rate requirements
 Few bits to 250kbps sufficient
 Simple protocol, Global Implementation
 2.4GHz
 Standard in a fragmented market
 Many proprietary solutions, interoperability issues
 Pent up demand due to lack of standard

14. ZIGBEE technology
 Data rates of 250 kbps with 10-100 meter range.
 Two addressing modes; 16-bit short and 64-bit IEEE addressing.
 CSMA-CA channel access.
 Power management to ensure low power consumption.
 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band.
 Low duty cycle - Provides long battery life.
 Low latency .
 Support for multiple network topologies: Static, dynamic, star and mesh .
 Up to 65,000 nodes on a network.

15. Comparison with other technologies
Standard
ZigBee®
802.15.4
Wi-Fi™
802.11b
Bluetooth™
802.15.1
(meters)
1 – 100* 1 – 100 1 – 10
Life (days)
100 – 1,000 0.5 – 5.0 1 - 7
Network Size (# of nodes)
> 64,000 32 7
Application
Monitoring & Control Web, Email, Video Cable Replacement
Stack Size (KB)
4 – 32 1,000 250
Throughput kb/s)
20 – 250 11,000 720

16. Zigbee Based Patient Monitoring System-Transmitter

17. Receiver

18. Advantages
1. A place in the hospital where very ill patients are monitored very closely.
2. The patients in the ICU need a constant monitoring of their Temperature and heart beat.
This project is a working model, which incorporates sensors to measure important
parameters namely the Temperature, Respiratory temperature and Heart Beat.
3. The patient can be analyzed by doctors in any part of the hospital wherever they are.
4. Even when the patient is in an unconscious condition, all the parameters will be sensed
and doctor will be cautioned, thus it reduces doctor’s workload and also gives more
accurate results.
5. Thus it reduces doctors work load and also gives more accurate results,
6. We have also incorporated saline monitoring system which gives an alarm when the
saline bottle about to empty.

19. Applications
Hospitals it monitoring the Heart Beat and
Temperature continually .
By using this system the patient can be analyzed
by doctors in any part of the hospital .
Used to transfer the information from the
transmitter side to the receiver side wirelessly.

20. Conclusion
As this project is based on micro-controller and zigbee
technology is used to transmit data this can be of great use in the field of medicine
and helps the doctors to keep a keen eye on the patients health.
"To get rich never your risk your health. For it is the truth that
health is the wealth of wealth." Richard Baker

21. Thank you.