Geothermal energy

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A Presentation on
“GEOTHERMAL ENERGY”
Presented by :-
Amit kumar tarini
Feel free to contact
Amit.tarini9@gmail.com

What is Geothermal Energy?
Geo thermal energy is the heat that lies within the Earth .This heat energy is obtained
from hot rocks present inside the Earth.
Geothermal =Geo(earth)+therm(heat).
This renewable source constantly producing heat,thus ,making it inexustable to man
kind.
Almost 4000 miles beneath the Earth’s surface .This phenomenon known as geothermal
energy gets generated,deep inside the Earth’s core.
Inner core
Slow decay of radio active particle
continously high temprature inside
the earth
Mantle
Magma
1800 thick made of magma and
rock
crust

What is Geothermal Energy Cont’d?
The earth crust broken into several pieces called plates. Magma close comes
to the earth surface near the edges of this plates.
In these place volcano occurs.The lava that erupts from volcanos is partly
magma.
Deep underground the rocks and water absorbed the heat from the magma
the temprature of rocks increasing around the depth.
Volcano eruption
Tectonic Plates

Geothermal resources
Naturally occuring large areas of hydrothermal resources are called geothermal reservoirs.
Most geothermal reservoirs are deep underground which no visible clue showing above the
ground.
Geologist use diffrent method to find Geothermal reservoirs.The only way to be sure there is
a reservoirs is to drill a well and test the temperature deep underground.
Geothermal energy sometimes find its way to the surface in the form of volcanoes and
fumaroles(it’s a hole where volcano gases are realease).
Fumaroles

Active Geothermal resources are usually found along major plate boundry where vocano and
earthquake occurs.
Most geothermal activities in the world occur along the borders of the pacific ocean called the
ring of fire.
The energy produced mainly using water(hydro) and heat(thermal) is called hydrothermal
energy.
Depending upon the temperature of the hydrothermal resource, the heat energy canbe used
for heating ,making electricity or a heat pump.

Different Geothermal Energy Sources
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Hot Water Reservoirs:As the name implies these are reservoirs of hot underground water. There is a
large amount of them in the US, but they are more suited for space heating than for electricity
production.
Natural Stem Reservoirs: In this case a hole dug into the ground can cause steam to come to the
surface. This type of resource is rare in the US.
Geopressured Reservoirs: In this type of reserve, brine completely saturated with natural gas in
stored under pressure from the weight of overlying rock. This type of resource can be used for both heat
and for natural gas.
Natural
steam
reservoirs

Normal Geothermal Gradient:At any place on the planet, there is a normal temperature gradient of +300C
per km dug into the earth. Therefore, if one digs 20,000 feet the temperature will be about 1900C above the
surface temperature. This difference will be enough to produce electricity. However, no useful and
economical technology has been developed to extracted this large source of energy.
Hot Dry Rock: This type of condition exists in 5% of the india. It is similar to Normal Geothermal Gradient,
but the gradient is 400C/km dug underground.
Hot dry rock

How Geothermal Energy Is Captured
The most common current way of capturing the energy from geothermal
sources is to tap into naturally occurring "hydrothermal convection" system.
where cooler water get down into Earth's crust, is heated up, and then rises to
the surface.
When heated water is forced to the surface, it is a relatively simple to capture
that steam and use to drive electric generators.
 Geothermal power plants drill their own holes into the rock to more
effectively capture the steam.

There are three designs for geothermal power plants.
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Dry steam power
plant
Flash steam power
plant
Binary cycle power
plant
The steam goes directly through
the turbine, then into a
condenser where the steam is
condensed into water.
In a second approach, very hot
water is depressurized or "flashed"
into steam which can then be used
to drive the turbine.
In binary system, the hot water is
passed through a heat exchanger,
where it heats a second liquid—such as
isobutane—in a closed loop.
The isobutane boils at a lower
temperature than water, so it is more
easily converted into steam to run the
turbine.

Direct uses of geothermal energy
 Geothermal springs can also be used directly for heating purposes.
 Hot spring water is used to heat greenhouses, to dry out fish and de-ice roads, for
improving oil recovery, and to heat fish farms and spas.
In Iceland, virtually every building in the country is heated with hot spring water. In
fact, Iceland gets more than 50 percent of its energy from geothermal sources.
 In Reykjavik, for example (population 115,000), hot water is piped in from 25
kilometers away, and residents use it for heating and for hot tap water.

Direct uses of geothermal energy is appropriate for
sources below 1500C
air conditioning
industrial processes
Greenhouses
Aquaculture
hot water
resorts and pools
melting snow

Ground source heat pump
A much more conventional way to tap geothermal energy is by using geothermal heat pumps to provide heat
and cooling to buildings.
 Also called ground-source heat pumps, they take advantage of the constant year-round temperature of
about 50°F that is just a few feet below the ground’s surface.
 Either air or antifreeze liquid is pumped through pipes that are buried underground, and re-circulated into
the building. In the summer, the liquid moves heat from the building into the ground.
 In the winter, it does the opposite, providing pre-warmed air and water to the heating system of the building.
However, ground-source heat pumps are catching on in some areas. In rural areas without access to natural
gas pipelines, homes must use propane or electricity for heating and cooling.

Advantage & Disadvantages
Free and renewable.
Virtually pollution free and does little
damage to environment.
Geothermal plant virtually produces no
emissions.(don’t use fuel to burn)
Operating cost is quite low.
Geothermal plants don’t have to
transport fuel.like most power plants.
Unlike solar energy, it is not dependent
on the weather conditions.
Not all area are suitable for production of
electricity ( depends on the structureof
rocks)
The generation of geothermal energy
creates noise pollution and releases noxious
smells.
Even though operating cost are low,cost of
setting up a geothermal plant is high.
Can run out of steam.
Earthquakes(during drilling).
There is always a danger of eruption of
volcano.
Disadvantage
Advantage

Future of Geothermal energy
Geothermal energy has the potential to play a significant role in world toward a cleaner, more sustainable
energy system .
 It is one of the few renewable energy technologies that—like fossil fuels—can supply continuous, baseload
power.
The costs for electricity from geothermal facilities are also declining. Some geothermal facilities have realized
at least 50 percent reductions in the price of electricity since 1980.
There is also a bright future for the direct use of geothermal resources as a heating source for homes and
businesses in any location

Enhanced Geothermal system.
 An approach to capturing the heat in dry areas is known as enhanced
geothermal systems (EGS) or "hot dry rock".
The hot rock reservoirs, typically at greater depths below the earth’s
surface than conventional sources, are first broken up by pumping high-
pressure water through them.
The plants then pump more water through the broken hot rocks, where it
heats up, returns to the surface as steam, and powers turbines to generate
electricity.

VIDEO

Conclusion
The right technology at right time
The global community consumes an incredible amount of energy.
Finding reliable and renewable sources of energy is the key to a sustainable
future.This is where geothermal energy comes into play.
Geothermal energy can be explained simply by its name.
The heat is directly below the Earth's surface, making it a universal resource.
 It can be harnessed cleanly and efficiently.
It deliver high efficient total heat system compare then others
Never purchase oil,gas,propane Again.
Environmentally responsible and Economically compeling.

Geothermal energy

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