This document discusses tower cranes used in construction. It begins by introducing tower cranes and their main components, including the mast, slewing unit, operating cabin, jib, hook, and counterweights. It then describes the functions of tower cranes in lifting building materials. The document goes on to provide more detail on specific types of tower cranes like luffing jib and self-erecting cranes. It concludes by covering regulations, safety considerations, and factors to consider when selecting a tower crane for a project.

1. BDH 202
Building Construction 3
Tower Crane
Group Members :
Dafer Sief 00
Mohamed Amman 00
Boey Ying Yan 00

2. Introduction
• Tower cranes are a common fixture at
any major construction site.
• A crane with a fixed vertical mast that is
topped by a rotating boom and
equipped with a winch for hoisting and
lowering loads. The winch canbe
moved along the boom so that any
location within the diameter of the
boom can be reached.
• Its often rise hundreds of feet into the
air, and can reach out just as far.

3. Function
• The construction crew uses the tower crane to lift
the building materials :
• steel, concrete, large tools like acetylene torches
and generators, and a wide variety of other
building materials.

6. • Mast:
the main supporting tower of the
crane. It is made of steel trussed
sections that are connected together
during installation.
• Slewing Unit:
the slewing unit sits at the top of the
mast. This is the engine that enables
the crane to rotate.

7. • Operating Cabin:
the operating cabin sits just
above the slewing unit. It
contains the operating controls.
• Jib:
the jib, or operating arm,
extends horizontally from the
crane.
"luffing" jib is able to move up
and down; a fixed jib has a
rolling trolley that runs along the
underside to move goods
horizontally.

8. • Hook:
the hook (or hooks) is used
to connect the material to
the crane. It hangs at the
end of thick steel cables that
run along the jib to the
motor.
• Weights:
Large concrete
counterweights are mounted
toward the rear of the mast,
to compensate for the
weight of the goods lifted

9. MATERIAL &
FUNCTION

10. TYPES OF TOWER CRANE
LUFFING JIB TOWER CRANE SELF ERECTING TOWER CRANE

11. • The most important substance used to manufacture
cranes is steel. Steel is an alloy of iron and a small
amount of carbon. For structures that do not require
very high strength, a common form of steel known
as carbon steel is used. By definition, carbon steel
contains less than 2% of elements other than iron
and carbon. Carbon steel exists in a wide variety of
forms. The most important factor in determining the
properties of carbon steel is the amount of carbon
present, which ranges from less than 0.015% to more
than 0.5%
REFERANCE : Read more: http://www.madehow.com/Volume-5/Crane.html#ixzz3K36K3WKe

13. DESCRIPTION OF LUFFING JIB TOWER CRANE

14. Base installation of LUFFING JIB TOWER CRANE

15. SELF ERECTING TOWER
CRANE

17. Tower Cranes
Regulations

18. A tower crane should only be erected or
dismantled and tested by competent
persons,
i.e. an engineer and erection crew trained
in the erection and dismantling of that
type of tower crane.

19. A tower crane should only be operated by a
trained and competent operator who is
physically fit, including eyesight and hearing,
conversant with the type of crane, and able to
cope with the conditions existing on site.

20. Where the driver is required to move loads
under the control of another person, a suitable
slinger/signaller should be provided who is
conversant with the lifting capabilities of the
tower crane and able to communicate clearly
with the driver via hand or radio signals.

21. Any method of lifting other than the
recommended vertical lifting of loads should be
actively discouraged, as damage may be caused
to the crane..

22. The tower crane driver must be capable of
carrying out a weekly inspection of his crane and
should be given sufficient time in which to do
this. A report of such an inspection must be made
in an appropriate document.

23. The tower crane will have a maximum service
wind speed, usually about 72 kph (45mph)and
would have
to be substantially reduced according to the area
and weight of the load being handled by the crane.
The crane operator must be given sufficient
authority to decide when the crane should be put
out of service，because of high winds and his
inability to control the load.

24. The tower crane must always be in a position to
rotate (slew freely) when it is placed into the out
of service? condition. The slew brake should not
be left on under normal conditions.

25. When the selection of a tower crane is being made
against particular environmental considerations, the
following are an example of what might have to be taken
into account.
1. Overall area to be covered;
2. The height of the building;
3. The required speed of the lift;
4. Weight of critical loads;
5. The type of base or mounting;
6. Existing ground conditions;
7. All proximity hazards;
8. Types of jib;
9. Erection;
10. Dismantling.

26. When two or more tower cranes are employed on a site,
each should be erected to a different working height to
prevent the possibility of collision between the jibs.
Although the jibs may over slew? the load may still
contact the lower crane. Rail track should be placed
strategically to prevent the jib of one crane hitting the
tower of another.

27. Smaller tower cranes with lighter lifting capacity are
usually more suitable on projects where traditional
methods of building in brick, concrete etc. are employed.
In these situations the
lorry or crawler mounted tower crane may be the right
one for the job.

28. The bigger cranes, with their greater lifting capacities,
are more suitable for projects where constant off-loading
and placing of heavy prefabricated units occur. Here,
speed may have to be sacrificed in the interests of
precision lowering and placing.

29. On some projects it may be more economical to use a
rail-mounted crane. On others a static or climbing crane
may be
the answer.
On some sites, the proximity of high obstructions will
prevent the use of an horizon-jib tower crane, and
a luffing (erricking)
jib tower crane will have to be employed. The luffing-jibbed
tower cranes have all three base variations; free-travelling,
static and climbing.

30. Points to consider for operating a tower crane safely
- Have all of the specific hazards associated with the work in progress been
analyzed?
- Has specific training with respect to the hazards of operating a tower crane been
provided (authorized crane operator, fall protection, material handling, rigging,
signalling)
- Are rescue procedures in place?
- Has the tower crane been properly maintained (maintenance record, log books)?
- Has the tower crane been properly inspected before erection (non-destructive
testing
report, components identified and tracked to ensure all structural components
inspected)?
- Has the tower crane been properly inspected after erection (engineering reports
for
the foundation, shoring and bracing, structural integrity of the building,
drawings and
reports to be approved and signed by a professional engineer)

31. HAND SIGN