The document discusses pathways to decarbonization through energy technologies and innovation. It makes three key points: 1. Technological change in energy is influenced by market failures like environmental externalities and credit constraints, requiring policy guidance. Policies can accelerate innovation by addressing these failures. 2. Adoption of new technologies is a social process influenced by information sharing and social interactions, which campaigns can leverage. Understanding local adoption drivers is crucial for equitable infrastructure planning. 3. Path dependencies form as technologies diffuse due to learning effects and spillovers. Infrastructure investments made today will influence future costs, so understanding innovation processes is important for long-term decarbonization.