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on risk / chance 
and the office betting pool
risk profiles
risk profiles 
risk-aversive 
risk-neutral 
risk-loving
risk profiles 
risk-aversive 
risk-neutral 
risk-loving individuals are aversive to risk, but 
we are also attracted to it
risk profiles 
risk-aversive 
risk-neutral 
risk-loving it is part of human nature to be 
attracted to risk...
risk profiles 
risk-aversive 
risk-neutral 
risk-loving it is part of human nature to be 
attracted to risk...even if there is no rational 
payoff
risk profiles 
they change 
with age, events, people, wealth, and situations
risk premium 
the difference between the return on a risky asset and 
less risky asset, which serves as compensation for 
investors to hold riskier securities.
risk premium 
“ as the risk aversion increases, 
so does the risk premium ” 
the duality of risk
risk premium 
“ It is precisely because investors are risk averse that they care about risk, 
and the choices they make will reflect their risk aversion. ” 
the duality of risk
risk premium 
“ As the risk aversion of an individual increases, the risk premium demanded 
for any given risky gamble (that they will take) will also increase. ” 
the duality of risk
risk premium 
risk premium = expected value - certainty equivalent increases, the risk 
premium demanded for any given risky gamble will also increase. ” 
the duality of risk
risk premium 
risk premium = expected value - certainty equivalent increases, the risk 
premium demanded for any given risky gamble will also increase. ” 
the duality of risk
The simultaneous purchase and sale of an 
asset in order to profit from a difference in the 
price. 
arbitrage
Arbitrage exists as a result of market 
inefficiencies; it provides a mechanism to 
ensure prices do not deviate substantially 
from fair value for long periods of time. 
arbitrage
Contingencies by definition depend on 
chance, and therefore can’t ever be perfectly 
thought out. 
arbitrage
“...First, the crime would need to be obscure and confusing, making it 
difficult to detect. 
...Second, the crime should involve many people engaging in the same type 
of crime so that no one can point a finger at you. 
...Third, your crime will need to fall under the shady umbrella of plausible 
deniability so that if you do get caught, you can always say you didn’t know 
it was wrong in the first place 
...If you really want to go all out, do something you can spin in a positive 
light, and maybe even create an ideology around it… You can also resort to 
opaque and promising-sounding language to make your case; you’re 
“restoring equilibrium,” “eliminating arbitrage” and creating “opportunity” and 
“efficiency” across the board. 
...Crimes like burglaries are the least ideal crime: they’re simple, detectable, 
perpetrated by a single or just a few people.” 
-- Dan Ariely 
arbitrage
Speculative trading strategy of providing liquidity to owners 
of a stock that is currently the target of an announced 
acquisition. One of several event-driven strategies that 
seeks to identify and exploit relative mispricings of 
securities whose issuers are involved in mergers or other 
corporate events. 
They are implemented to be market neutral. 
risk arbitrage 
(M&A arbitrage)
- The acquiring company offers to buy the target’s 
stock at a premium offer price > current market price. 
- Upon announcement of the acquisition, the target’s 
stock price generally rises to a level just below the 
offer price (just below, due to uncertainty about the 
merger actually taking place). 
- There are many things that can block the merger from 
happening. If and when a merger fails to go through, 
the target’s stock price will immediately fall, often to a 
level below where it was before the merger was 
announced. 
- The mere possibility of this is called deal risk 
risk arbitrage 
(M&A arbitrage)
- Many shareholders choose to sell. It is risk 
arbitragers who choose to buy. 
- Risk arbitragers are experts in assessing deal risk. 
- Such event-driven speculative trading strategies are 
widely employed by certain hedge funds and 
proprietary traders. 
risk arbitrage 
(M&A arbitrage) 
http://riskencyclopedia.com/articles/event_driven_strategy/
Experts understand the duality of risk and 
they are experts at assessing risk, 
so they arbitrage against market 
inefficiencies 
Where many sell (buy), they buy (sell) 
http://riskencyclopedia.com/articles/event_driven_strategy/
Office Betting Pool 
Before...
Office Betting Pool 
After...
Office Betting Pool 
“My bet [City A] (I 
hope [City B])” 
“I would like to stay 
in [City A], but will 
bet on [City B], so it 
will be a happy 
ending.” 
Motives
Office Betting Pool 
I think inherently, I want the office to be in 
[City A], cuz I like how the office is right 
now. I think [City A] helps us capture the 
office environment, which would be 
maintained if we moved to a [City A] office. 
Eventually when we grow to a much larger 
scale, [City B] is inevitable. 
Motives 
Because I flipped a coin 
Because I want our office to be in 
Berkeley but chose [City B] so that 
at least I'll get some compensation 
for the outcome 
I think we'll probably move, 
based on conversations, etc. 
1) I want the office to be in [City 
B] 2) don't want to anger the 
gods by hedging 3) I think it's in 
our long term interests to be in 
[City B] 
because I'm going to be sad if 
we stay in [City A] either 
regardless if I win and if we 
move to [City B] I'll be happy so 
I should try for extra happy 
pandas 
I think that is 
the choice 
Ion will 
make 
Because I want our office to be 
in [City A] but chose [City B] so 
that at least I'll get some 
compensation for the outcome
Office Betting Pool 
After... 
1 person will earn $140 
or... 
7 people will earn $2.86

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On risk or chance (the office betting pool) slides

  • 1. on risk / chance and the office betting pool
  • 3. risk profiles risk-aversive risk-neutral risk-loving
  • 4. risk profiles risk-aversive risk-neutral risk-loving individuals are aversive to risk, but we are also attracted to it
  • 5. risk profiles risk-aversive risk-neutral risk-loving it is part of human nature to be attracted to risk...
  • 6. risk profiles risk-aversive risk-neutral risk-loving it is part of human nature to be attracted to risk...even if there is no rational payoff
  • 7. risk profiles they change with age, events, people, wealth, and situations
  • 8. risk premium the difference between the return on a risky asset and less risky asset, which serves as compensation for investors to hold riskier securities.
  • 9. risk premium “ as the risk aversion increases, so does the risk premium ” the duality of risk
  • 10. risk premium “ It is precisely because investors are risk averse that they care about risk, and the choices they make will reflect their risk aversion. ” the duality of risk
  • 11. risk premium “ As the risk aversion of an individual increases, the risk premium demanded for any given risky gamble (that they will take) will also increase. ” the duality of risk
  • 12. risk premium risk premium = expected value - certainty equivalent increases, the risk premium demanded for any given risky gamble will also increase. ” the duality of risk
  • 13. risk premium risk premium = expected value - certainty equivalent increases, the risk premium demanded for any given risky gamble will also increase. ” the duality of risk
  • 14. The simultaneous purchase and sale of an asset in order to profit from a difference in the price. arbitrage
  • 15. Arbitrage exists as a result of market inefficiencies; it provides a mechanism to ensure prices do not deviate substantially from fair value for long periods of time. arbitrage
  • 16. Contingencies by definition depend on chance, and therefore can’t ever be perfectly thought out. arbitrage
  • 17. “...First, the crime would need to be obscure and confusing, making it difficult to detect. ...Second, the crime should involve many people engaging in the same type of crime so that no one can point a finger at you. ...Third, your crime will need to fall under the shady umbrella of plausible deniability so that if you do get caught, you can always say you didn’t know it was wrong in the first place ...If you really want to go all out, do something you can spin in a positive light, and maybe even create an ideology around it… You can also resort to opaque and promising-sounding language to make your case; you’re “restoring equilibrium,” “eliminating arbitrage” and creating “opportunity” and “efficiency” across the board. ...Crimes like burglaries are the least ideal crime: they’re simple, detectable, perpetrated by a single or just a few people.” -- Dan Ariely arbitrage
  • 18. Speculative trading strategy of providing liquidity to owners of a stock that is currently the target of an announced acquisition. One of several event-driven strategies that seeks to identify and exploit relative mispricings of securities whose issuers are involved in mergers or other corporate events. They are implemented to be market neutral. risk arbitrage (M&A arbitrage)
  • 19. - The acquiring company offers to buy the target’s stock at a premium offer price > current market price. - Upon announcement of the acquisition, the target’s stock price generally rises to a level just below the offer price (just below, due to uncertainty about the merger actually taking place). - There are many things that can block the merger from happening. If and when a merger fails to go through, the target’s stock price will immediately fall, often to a level below where it was before the merger was announced. - The mere possibility of this is called deal risk risk arbitrage (M&A arbitrage)
  • 20. - Many shareholders choose to sell. It is risk arbitragers who choose to buy. - Risk arbitragers are experts in assessing deal risk. - Such event-driven speculative trading strategies are widely employed by certain hedge funds and proprietary traders. risk arbitrage (M&A arbitrage) http://riskencyclopedia.com/articles/event_driven_strategy/
  • 21. Experts understand the duality of risk and they are experts at assessing risk, so they arbitrage against market inefficiencies Where many sell (buy), they buy (sell) http://riskencyclopedia.com/articles/event_driven_strategy/
  • 22. Office Betting Pool Before...
  • 24. Office Betting Pool “My bet [City A] (I hope [City B])” “I would like to stay in [City A], but will bet on [City B], so it will be a happy ending.” Motives
  • 25. Office Betting Pool I think inherently, I want the office to be in [City A], cuz I like how the office is right now. I think [City A] helps us capture the office environment, which would be maintained if we moved to a [City A] office. Eventually when we grow to a much larger scale, [City B] is inevitable. Motives Because I flipped a coin Because I want our office to be in Berkeley but chose [City B] so that at least I'll get some compensation for the outcome I think we'll probably move, based on conversations, etc. 1) I want the office to be in [City B] 2) don't want to anger the gods by hedging 3) I think it's in our long term interests to be in [City B] because I'm going to be sad if we stay in [City A] either regardless if I win and if we move to [City B] I'll be happy so I should try for extra happy pandas I think that is the choice Ion will make Because I want our office to be in [City A] but chose [City B] so that at least I'll get some compensation for the outcome
  • 26. Office Betting Pool After... 1 person will earn $140 or... 7 people will earn $2.86

Editor's Notes

  1. Movie jpeg: Ocean’s Eleven. Wonderful movie, I recommend you see it if you haven’t already.
  2. First, the crime would need to be obscure and confusing, making it difficult to detect. Breaking a window and stealing jewelry is too straightforward. Second, the crime should involve many people engaging in the same type of crime so that no one can point a finger at you. This is why looting, though easy to detect, is much more difficult to get a handle on than a single robbery. Third, your crime will need to fall under the shady umbrella of plausible deniability so that if you do get caught, you can always say you didn’t know it was wrong in the first place. With this kind of defense, even if the public cares, the legal system may let you off easy. Moreover, plausible deniability allows you to apologize in the aftermath and ask forgiveness for your “mistake.” If you really want to go all out, do something you can spin in a positive light, and maybe even create an ideology around it. This way you can then explain how you’re actually on the side of progress. Say, for instance, you’re “providing liquidity” and “lubricating the market” and thereby helping the economy – even if it happens to be by taking people’s money. You can also resort to opaque and promising-sounding language to make your case; you’re “restoring equilibrium,” “eliminating arbitrage” and creating “opportunity” and “efficiency” across the board. Crimes like burglaries are the least ideal crime: they’re simple, detectable, perpetrated by a single or just a few people. They create an obvious victim and can’t be cloaked in rhetoric. Instead, what you should aim for is to steal a little bit of money from as many people as possible—little, old or otherwise — it doesn’t matter, as long as you don’t reverse the fortune of any one individual. After all, when lots of individuals suffer just a bit, people won’t mind as much. (ultimately, concludes that in our day and age, ultimate crime is with banks, because of bank over-regulation and the over-conflicts of interest in our american banking system)