A hernia occurs when an organ or fatty tissue squeezes through a weak spot in a surrounding muscle or connective tissue called fascia. The most common types of hernia are inguinal (inner groin), incisional (resulting from an incision), femoral (outer groin), umbilical (belly button), and hiatal (upper stomach).

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HERNIA

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WHAT IS HERNIA?
Hernia is a general term used to
describe a bulge or protrusion of an
organ through the structure or muscle
that usually contains it.
A hernia occurs when an organ pushes
through an opening in the muscle or
tissue that holds it in place. For
example, the intestines may break
through a weakened area in the
abdominal wall. Hernias are most
common in the abdomen, but they can
also appear in the upper thigh, belly
button, and groin areas.

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TYPES OF HERNIA

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INGUINAL HERNIAS
Inguinal hernias are located in the lower abdomen just above
the leg crease, near or adjacent to the public area.
An inguinal hernia occurs when tissue, such as part of the
intestine, protrudes through a weak spot in the abdominal
muscles. The resulting bulge can be painful, especially when
you cough, bend over or lift a heavy object.

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FEMORAL HERNIAS
Your muscles are usually strong enough to keep your intestines and organs
in their proper place. Sometimes, however, your intra-abdominal tissues
can be pushed through a weakened spot in your muscle when you
overstrain. If a portion of tissue pushes through the wall of the femoral
canal, it’s called a femoral hernia. A femoral hernia will appear as a bulge
near the groin or thigh. The femoral canal houses the femoral artery,
smaller veins, and nerves. It’s located just below the inguinal ligament in
the groin.
A femoral hernia can also be called a femorocele.

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UMBILICAL HERNIA
An umbilical hernia occurs when part of the bowel or fatty
tissue pokes through an area near the belly button, pushing
through a weak spot in the surrounding abdominal wall.

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INCISIONAL HERNIA
Incisional hernia usually is caused when the intestines try to press
their way out through the incision scar of surgery or even the tissues
close to scar, which are under the process of recovery from surgery.

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EPIGASTRIC HERNIAS
An epigastric hernia usually causes a bump to occur in the area below your
sternum, or breastbone, and above your belly button. This bump is caused
by a mass of fat that has pushed through the hernia.
The raised area may be visible all the time or only when you cough, sneeze,
or laugh. This bump, or mass, can grow and become larger in some cases.
You can have more than one epigastric hernia at a time.
An epigastric hernia can also cause tenderness and pain in the epigastric
region. However, it’s common for an epigastric hernia not to show any
symptoms.

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Dr. Ananda Kumar
MBBS, MS, FRCSEd, DLS (France), MD (Liver Transplant),
FSGE (NIMS), FLAGES, FLCS
GI Surgeon @ Ananya Gastroenterology

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Centre For All Sorts Of Gastrointestinal,
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