3. The initiation phase
It can be divided into six steps:
Establish the
Develop a Undertake a
Terms of
Business Case Feasibility Study
Reference
Appoint the Set up a Perform
Project Team Project Office Phase Review
4. Develop a business case: A business case is created to define a
business problem or opportunity in detail and identify a preferred
solution for implementation.
Undertake feasibility study: The purpose of a feasibility study is
to assess the likelihood of each alternative solution option
achieving the benefits outlined in the business case.
Establish the terms of reference: After the previous steps, a new
project is formed and at this point terms of reference are created.
They define the vision, objectives, scope and deliverables.
Appoint the project team: a project manager is generally
appointed before this stage and with his help, the team is formed.
Set up a project office: defining the physical environment – the
place, the equipment, communication infrastructure, tools, etc.
Perform a phase review: This is a checkpoint to ensure that the
project has achieved its objectives. (at the initiation’s phase end)
5. The planning phase
Create a Create a Create a
Project Plan Resource Plan Financial Plan
Create a Create a Create an
Quality Plan Risk Plan Acceptance Plan
Create a Create a Contract the
Communication Plan Procurement Plan Suppliers
Perform
Phase Review
6. Create a project plan: A 'work breakdown structure' (WBS) is
identified which includes a hierarchical set of phases, activities
and tasks to be undertaken to complete the project, then . This
project plan is the key tool used by the project manager to assess
the progress of the project throughout the project life cycle.
Create a resource plan: After the project plan is formed, the level
of resource required to undertake each of the activities and tasks
listed within the project plan will need to be allocated. A schedule
is assembled for each type of resource so that the project
manager can review the resource allocation at each stage in the
project.
Create a financial plan: is made to identify the total quantity of
money required to undertake each phase in the project (in other
words, the budget).
7. Create a quality plan: This is made to ensure the quality
expectations of the customer. It defines the term quality, some
precise targets, a quality assurance plan, and it identifies the
techniques that control the actual quality level of each
deliverable.
Create a risk plan: The next step is to document all foreseeable
project risks within a risk plan, and also define the actions that
will prevent each risk from occurring or reduce it’s impact.
Create a acceptance plan: we need the customer’s acceptance
that the deliverables produced by the project meet or exceed
requirements. This plan has to clarify the completion criteria for
each deliverable and provide a schedule of acceptance reviews.
Create a communications plan: Prior to the execution phase, it is
required to identify how each of the stakeholders will be kept in
touch. (means of communication, frequency, and responsibilities)
8. Create a procurement plan: The procurement plan provides a
detailed description of the products (that is, goods and services)
to be acquired from suppliers, the justification for acquiring each
product externally as opposed to from within the business, and
the schedule for product delivery.
Contract the suppliers: Although external suppliers may be
appointed at any stage of the project, it is usual to appoint
suppliers after the project plans have been documented but prior
to the execution phase of the project.
Perform a phase review: At the end of the planning phase, a
phase review is performed. This is a checkpoint to ensure that the
project has achieved its objectives as planned.
10. Build the deliverables:This phase involves physically constructing
each deliverable for acceptance by the customer. The activities
undertaken to construct each deliverable will vary depending on
the type of project being undertaken.
Monitor and control: While the project team are physically
producing each deliverable, the project manager implements a
series of management processes to monitor and control the
activities being undertaken by the project team.
Time management: Time management is the process of recording
and controlling time spent by staff on the project. As time is a
scarce resource within projects, each team member should record
time spent undertaking project activities on a timesheet form.
Cost management: Cost management is the process by which
costs/expenses incurred on the project are formally identified,
approved and paid.
11. Quality management: Quality management is the process by
which quality is assured and controlled for the project, using
quality assurance and quality control techniques.
Change management: Change management is the process by
which changes to the project scope, deliverables, timescales or
resources are formally requested, evaluated and approved prior
to implementation.
Risk management: is the process by which risks to the project are
formally identified, quantified and managed.
Issue management: the method by which issues currently
affecting the ability of the project to produce the required
deliverable are formally managed.
Procurement management: the process of sourcing products
from an external supplier.
12. Acceptance management: is the process of gaining customer
acceptance for deliverables produced by the project.
Communications management: Communications management is
the process by which formal communications messages are
identified, created, reviewed and communicated within a project.
Perform a phase review: At the end of the planning phase, a
phase review is performed. This is a checkpoint to ensure that the
project has achieved its objectives as planned.
Project closure
Perform Review
Project Project
Closure Completion
13. Perform project closure: involves winding up the project.
This includes:
• Determining whether all of the project completion criteria
have been met;
• Identifying any outstanding project activities, risks or
issues;
• Handing over all project deliverables and documentation to
the customer;
• Cancelling supplier contracts and releasing project
resources to the business;
• Communicating the closure of the project to all
stakeholders and interested parties.
14. Review project completion: The final activity within a project is
the review of its success by an independent party. Success is
determined by how well it performed against the defined
objectives and conformed to the management processes outlined
in the planning phase. To determine how well it performed, the
following types of questions are answered:
• Did it result in the benefits defined in the business case?
• Did it achieve the objectives outlined in the terms of reference?
• Did it operate within the scope of the terms of reference? 0 Did
the deliverables meet the criteria defined in the quality plan?
• Was it delivered within the schedule outlined in the project
plan?
• Was it delivered within the budget outlined in the financial
plan?
