4. 1A.
To work onany circuitthe systemmustbe dead.Thiscomplieswithregulation13 whichisthere to
protectthe contractor from electrocutionfromlive conductors.Thisisdone byacompetentperson
witha voltage indicatormetertomake sure nolive currentispresent. Undercertaincircumstances
a contractor is requiredtoworkwiththe circuitlive.Regulation14 is there toensure youare safe
workingwiththe circuitlive.Adequate protection.I.e.insulatedglovesandtoolsanda rubbermat
to helpreduce electrocution. Regulation15is for the safetyof the contractor while workingat
heightsorin confineddarkareas.Onsite lightingshouldbe usedtoensure the contractorcan see
whathe isdoing.Laddersor scaffoldingplatformsshouldbe usedto make workeasieratheightsto
reduce strainsandotherinjuries. A contractormust be competentinwhathe is doingtoreduce
injuryor death.Thisisshownonregulation16. If the personisnotknowledgeableabouttestings/he
may missproblemsthata competentpersonwouldhave noticed.
1B.
Wheninspectingandtestinganewbuildeverythingmustbe testedtoensure all live conductorsare
terminatedcorrectlyandthatall systemsare safe to be usedby the customer. Ina buildingthat
neededretestingall circuitsmustbe safe and similartowhenitwasfirstput into make sure the
customerissafe to use the circuit.This isall statedinRegulation 4.An example tothisinstallation
couldbe that the lightinthe communal roomare securelyfittedandinworkingordersothat the
customerisable to use them.
2A.
While testinginsulation several sensesare used,one beingsight.Whileinspectingthe circuityoucan
use sightto see if cableshave adequate insulationandare not melted.Youcanalsosee if plug
socketsor switchesare lose onthe wall whichcouldleadtoa short circuit.
2B.
Touch isa useful sense;asyoucouldcheckto see if cablesare lose inthe terminalsviapullingon
them.You can alsofeel anyhightemperaturesdue tolose cablingorhighcurrent overload.
3A.
To ensure the correct cables,trunkingand/orconduitisusedforthe rightinstallation.Use of the
rightcircuit breakerandRCD isusedto protectthe circuitfromovercurrent. Alsotocheckall
exposedandextraneouspartsare correctlybondedorearthedandto ensure nocablesare lose,
meltedormissing.Itisdone toprove everythingisconnectedcorrectlyandissafe toturnon. On the
initial verificationeverythinghastobe 100% safe.
3B.
The initial inspectionandtestingrequiresyoutocheckeverycircuitandensure everythingis100%
safe.Thisisthe firstinspectionof the buildingandmustbe carriedout withnolimitations.A periodic
inspectionistobe carriedout aftera setperiodof time to ensure itissimilartothe firstinitial
inspection.An agreedsamplemade betweenthe customerandthe electrician ischose andtested.If

5. there are any faultsmore testscouldbe carried out. A periodicinspectionisdone toensure itisstill
safe and hasnot beendamagedordegraded.
4A.
Basic protectionisinplace toreduce the chance of electricshockunderworkingconditions.These
usuallyconsistof beinginsulationaroundthe conductorsandsome formof barrierenclosingthe
cablesforexample,trunking.
4B.
Faultprotectionisinplace to reduce systemdamage andelectricshockunderfaultconditions. This
isdone by usingMiniature CircuitBreakers(MCB), Residual CurrentDevice (RCB),andMainearth
BondingConductor.
5.
Before anyworkis to commence,the clientmustbe askedif itisokayto turn the poweroff.If it isn’t
possible toisolate the supplyatthatverymomentan agreedtime mustbe agreedgivingthe client
enoughtime towarn his/heremployees.Alsoalengthof time the supplywill be deadwillneedtobe
agreedwith the client.Employeesworkingonthe jobneedtohave safetyequipmenttobe fitted.An
example wouldbe onsite lightingtoensure itissafe toworkwitha reducedchance of accidence.
6.
To ensure all equipmentissafe touse to reduce chance of electrocution.Probesmustbe shrouded
lessthan4mm and must have fingerguardsanda fuse.Thisprotectsthe device frombeingdamaged
and stopsthe tester’sfingersslippingintolive cables.Testleadsandequipmentneedstoalsobe
maintainedtoensure the resultsgatheredwhile testingare correcttoreduce chancesof false
readings.
7.
The testsare carriedout inthe followingorder;
1. Continuityof Circuitprotective conductor(CPC) andthe main bondingconductor
2. Ringcontinuitytest
3. Insulationresistance test
4. Polarity(Dead)
5. Polarity(Live)
6. Earth faultloopimpedance
7. Residual currentdevice (RCB)
Thisis done toensure the circuitis safe andworkingcorrectly.Continuityof CPCisdone firstto
make sure the basic protective device isinplace toprotectyou andthe customerfromelectric
shock.The CPCis alsousedinseveral otherteststohelptoreduce wasted time.The CPCisthere to
keepthe potential difference betweenextraneousandexposedconductors.If youdidandinsulation
resistance withthe waterpipe notbondedthere isachance the water pipescouldrise toa
dangerouspotential astheyare notbonded.

6. 8A.
To ensure the safetyof the systemandthe customerfromelectric shock.Whena faultoccurs the
CPC isthe path the faultwill take whichwouldthengobackto the transformercausingthe
transformertosenda highamount of faultcurrentwhichwill thencause automaticdisconnectionof
the supply.
8B.
Usinga ringcircuitreducesdamage to the cablesdue to the currentbeingable totravel through
bothendsof the circuitmeaningitistheoreticallysplittingthe currentevenlybetweenthe two
whichwill reduce the chances of the cable melting.If thisisn’ttesteditcouldleadtothe insulation
meltingandexposingliveconductors.The live conductorsandcpcare testedtoensure theyare ina
ringwithno breaksto reduce damage tocables.Alsothe testsprove there are no bridgesinthe
circuitcausingfalse readingsorhidingbrokenlinks.
9.
Afteraskingthe customerif itis fine toturnpowerof,isolate the supplyandcheckitis deadusinga
voltage indicatorthathasbeenfullytestedtoGS38. Once the circuitis off,connectthe line and
circuitprotective conductor(CPC) withatemporarylinkinthe supplydistributionboard (DB).Now
checkthat your Low Resistance Ohmmeter(LRO) hasadequate charge andis ina workingorder
complyingwithGS38.Using yourLRO testacross the CPCand line conductorinthe new DB which
shouldgive alowresistance value.Thismustthenbe writteninthe R1+R2 columnon the testsheet.
Good answer
10.
If the cableswere terminatedinthe wrongterminalsitcouldcause damage toappliances.An
example couldbe amotorattached withline andneutral the wrongwayround.Thiswouldcause
the motor to turn inthe opposite direction.Alsowrongterminationof the line andneutral could
cause the neutral to be switchedmakingthe line always live. .
11.
Diagram Separate “Diagram_Andrew_Flynn”
12.
 Askthe supplycompanyforthe Ze reading.
 𝑍𝑒 = 𝑍𝑠 − ( 𝑅1+ 𝑅2)
 Testusingan earth faultloopimpedance testerbyputtingthe correctcolourprobesonthe
incomingline,neutral andthe unterminatedearthingcable andpushthe buttononthe
testerwhichwill give areading.
13.
Measuredusing;

7.  𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡 𝐷𝑟𝑜𝑝 =
𝐶𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑥 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑥 (𝑚𝑉 𝐴/𝑚⁄ )
1000
 Or testingwithavoltage meterwhile aloadis on thenoff andcalculate the difference.
14.
Voltage dropcan occur whena cablesisran for a longdistance at a verylow cross-sectional area
than whatit shouldhave been.Itcouldalsobe causedbyhavinglose terminationordamaged
cables.Voltage dropcanoccur whena cable is ran fora longdistance.The higherthe resistance of
the cable the lessvoltage goingthroughit.To stopthisyou wouldhave touse thickercable to
reduce the resistance.
15A.
 Electrical InstallationCertificate(EIC)
 Schedule of Inspection(SOI)
 Schedule of testresults(SOTR)
15B.
EIC – Listsdownthe contractors involvedinthe design,constructionandtestingof the job.Also
includesall the detailsof the consumerunitandthe cablesusedinthe installation,i.e.phasetype
and breakertypes.Certificatesare issuedtoshow whathas beendone andis to be keptfor future
records.
SOI – Listsall itemsinspectedthatare relevanttothe job.
SOTR – resultsforall the teststakenplace onthe consumerunit.
15C.
A copymust be giventothe clientandusuallyyourbosskeepsacopy alsofor several years.
16.
A copyof any manualssuppliedwiththe appliances.Alsothe electricianshouldhave awalkaround
withthe clienttoshowthemhowto use everything.A few examplescouldbe manualsonhow to
use a motor or howto reset securityalarms.
17 & 18.
Separate “Test_Sheet_Andrew_Flynn”
19.

8. The clientshouldbe toldtokeepthe documents safe forfuture reference incase the clienthaswork
done againin the future.Alsothattheyshouldhave the instalmentretestedonasettime period to
ensure itisstill safe.Shouldalsobe keptincase anyproblemsoccurin future.