1. 3D Profile Structure
Submitted to- Prof. B.K. Behera
Submitted by- Ashutosh Shukla

2. INTRODUCTION
•The 3D weaving technology is used for
the production of only specially
industrial fabrics. Keeping high level of
security in mind for protective clothing,
3D fabric play important role.

3. A single-fabric system, the constituent
yarns of which are supposedly disposed in
a three mutually perpendicular plane
relationship
3-D Woven Construction
X
Y
Z
3:34 PM

4. Drawbacks of 2D Construction
• Anisotropic
• Poor in-plane shear resistance
• Less modulus than the fiber material
due to presence of crimp

5. 3D Structure
Yarns are arranged
perpendicular to each
other in X, Y and Z
directions
No interlacing or crimp
exists between yarn
Thickness can be increased
High Fibre Volume Fraction

6. Classification of 3D Structures
I) Based on type of 3D
Structures
 3D Solid:
 3D Hollow:
Flat surface
Uneven surface
 3D Shell:
By weave combination
By differential take-up
By moulding
 3D Nodal
II) Based on type of
mechanism
 3D Woven
 3D Knitted
 3D Nonwoven
 3D Jacquard
design
 Braided structure
III) Based on type of
weaving process
 2D weaving – 3D
fabrics
 3D weaving – 3D
fabrics
 NOOBING
Orthogonal
Warp Interlock
Angle Interlock

7. 3D Solid structure
Orthogonal
 It is characterized by straight yarns in warp, weft and
thickness directions
 This structure can provide a greater volume fraction
than Warp interlock structures

8. 3D Solid Structure
It is a multilayer fabric
Used for flat panel
reinforcement
Normally woven on a shuttle
loom
Warp Interlock

9. 3D Solid structure
Structures are distinguished by the
individual layers
 Each layer may be of different weave
 Stitching of layers
 Structure ranges from 2 to 4 layers
Angle Interlock

10. 3D profiled Structure
 Profiled textile preforms are like beams
 Common shapes include I, L, T, U, H, π
 These beams have at least one web (vertical part) and one flange
(horizontal part)
 Profiled preforms are 3D fabrics as they satisfy the definition :
“A single fabric system the constituent yarns of which are
supposedly disposed in three mutually perpendicular plane
relationship”

11. Profiled structures
Image courtesy : Khokar, N Developing a Family of Generic Profiled 3D Textile Pre-forms for Modular Construction

12. Enlarged profiled structures
Pi-profile L-profile
U-profile T-profile

13. Single blade joint structure
Double blade joint structure
cruciform structure

14. Different Methods to Produced Profiled
Structure

15. Manufacturing By True 3D Weaving

16. Front Section of 3D loom

17. ‘T’ Profile
Warp arrangement for ‘T’ formation in
the folded manner
Line sketch of ‘T’ joint with insert
 Warp arrangement will be in folded form
 In the case of ‘T’ profile, weft path cycle constitutes of 4 steps
Warp cross-section and Weft path for developing the ‘T’ profile
3D profile Manufactured on 2D Handloom

18. • Weave design plan for ‘T’ developed using warp cross-section
• It serves as the input for the weaver to develop the profile.
‘T’ Profile Contd..
Weave design Sample woven on handloom
"Recent trends in textile technology and material science“ Technical university of Liberec., 21/06/2012

19. Architectural features of 3D preform
No Fillers/Noodles at web-flange junctions
No stitching/pinning to suppress delamination
Strengthened corner- rounded corner of web-flange prevents stress
concentration, improve performance
Space saving; Create compact structure
no structural looseness and distortion
Easy handling and matrix infusion

20. Overall Advantage of 3D Profiled
3D weaving process uniquely engineers;
High resistance to delamination
High interconnectivity of through-thickness yarns at web-flange junction
High stability of web-flange junction
Efficient production
Cost effective production
Most reliable web-flange junction

21. Applications

22. Application of profiled structures
 Stiffeners
 Construction elements
 Integrated seamless machine components
 Working components
 Load bearing elements and their web-
flange junctions

23. Profiled structures in assembly
Image courtesy : Second-Generation Woven Profiled 3D Fabrics from 3D-Weaving

24. In Automobile

25. IN AEROSPACE MANUFACTURING
LEAP Fan Blade
LEAP Fan Casing
Gear Brace Lift fan

26. REFERENCES
 Khokar N., Differentiating architectural features of 3D woven profiles for structural application.
 Tserpes KI, Cinquin Jacques, and Pantelakis sp., On the mechanical performance of Non-crimp fabric H-shaped adhesively bonded joints, LTSM
university Patras 26500, Greece.
 Dr. Islam, M. Amirul, 3D Woen Structures and overview of Manufacturing Technologies, 4th world conference on 3D fabric, Germany,
12/10/2012.
 Tserpes, KI, Pantelakis, Sp and Kappatos, V., The effect of imperfect bonding on the pull-out behavior of non-crimp fabric Pi-shaped joints, Comput
Mater Sci 2009; doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2010.05.012.
 Crawford, J. A., Recent developments in multidirectional weaving, NASA Publication No. 2420, pp. 259-269 (1985).
 Llopart, P.L., Tserpes, K.I. and Labeas, G.N., Experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of imperfect bonding on the strength of NCF
double-lap shear joints, Compos Struct 2009; 92: 1673–1682.
 Khokar, N., Differentiating architectural features of 3D woven profiled for structural application, Proceedings of the fourth world conference on 3D
fabrics, 2012.
 http://www.aero-mag.com/features/24/20117/942/
 www.sigmatex.com
 http://www.albint.com/businesses/aec/IndustryApplications/SampleApplications/Pages/LEAP-Fan-Blade.aspx
 http://www.albint.com/businesses/aec/IndustryApplications/SampleApplications/Pages/LEAP-Fan-Casing.aspx
 http://www.albint.com/businesses/aec/IndustryApplications/SampleApplications/Pages/787-Dreamliner-Main-Landing-Gear-Brace.aspx
 US7712488
 Unal, P. G. 3D Woven Fabrics, Namık Kemal University Department of Textile Engineering Turkey