"О некоторых особенностях Objective-C++" Влад Михайленко (Maps.Me)

Objective-C++
Vlad Mihaylenko. AvitoTech. Moscow. March 2016

Why Objective-C++
1. Compile time
2. Efficiency
3. Aggregate initialization
4. Type safety
5. Powerful standard library
6. A lot of 3rdparty libraries1
1. https://github.com/fffaraz/awesome-cpp

std::vector<T>
• Continuos block in memory
• Strong typing
• nullptr safety
• Stack or heap

std::vector<T>
std::vector<CGPoint> v = …;
// C++98
for (std::vector<CGPoint>::const_iterator i = v.begin(); i != v.end(); ++i)
{
// do something with p
}
// C++11
for (auto const & p : v)
{
// do something with p
}

std::vector<T>
// Warning: Incompatible pointer types sending 'NSNumber *' to parameter of type
'NSString * _Nonnull'
NSMutableArray<NSString *> * a = [@[@""] mutableCopy];
[a addObject:@0];

std::vector<T>
[a addObject:@0];
// Compile time error
std::vector<NSString *> v = {@""};
v.push_back(@0);

std::vector<T>
[a addObject:@0];
// Compile time error
std::vector<NSString *> v = {@""};
v.push_back(@0);
// In .mm file: compile time error!
// Cannot initialize a parameter of type 'NSString * _Nonnull' with an rvalue of
type 'NSNumber *'
[a addObject:@0];

std::array<T, size_t>
• Fixed size
• Strong typing
• Compile time

static const NSArray<NSString *> * const kTypes = @[@"Fast Food", @"Pizza",
@"Italian", @"Beer", @"Sushi"];

static const NSArray<NSString *> * const kTypes = @[@"Fast Food", @"Pizza",
@"Italian", @"Beer", @«Sushi"];
static const std::array<NSString *, 5> kTypes = {{@«Fast Food", @"Pizza",
@"Italian", @"Beer", @«Sushi"}};

Dictionary-like
• std::map<Key, Value> // RB-Tree
• std::unordered_map<Key, Value> // Hash Table (like NSDictionary)
• std::multimap<Key, Value>
• std::unordered_multimap<Key, Value>
• boost::container::flat_map<Key, Value>2
2. http://scottmeyers.blogspot.com.by/2015/09/should-you-be-using-something-instead.html

std::pair<T, T> & std::tuple<T>
- (void)getLat:(double &)lat lon:(double &)lon;
double lat, lon = 0;
[self getLat:lat lon:lon];

- (void)getLat:(double &)lat lon:(double &)lon azimut:(double &)azimut;
double lat, lon, azimut = 0;
[self getLat:lat lon:lon azimut:azimut];

- (void)getLat:(double &)lat lon:(double &)lon;
double lat, lon = 0;
[self getLat:lat lon:lon];
- (std::pair<double, double>)getLatLon
{
return std::make_pair(lat, lon);
}
const auto latLon = [self getLatLon];
const auto lat = latLon.first;
const auto lon = latLon.second;

- (void)getLat:(double &)lat lon:(double &)lon azimut:(double &)azimut;
double lat, lon, azimut = 0;
[self getLat:lat lon:lon azimut:azimut];
- (std::tuple<double, double, double>)getCoordinateAndAzimut
{
return std::make_tuple(lat, lon, azimut);
}
const auto locationInfo = [self getCoordinateAndAzimut];
const auto lat = std::get<0>(locationInfo);
const auto lon = std::get<1>(locationInfo);
const auto azimut = std::get<2>(locationInfo);

smart pointers
vector<Dog *> v {droopy, goofy, pluto};
for (const auto & d : v)
{
d->bark();
delete d;
}

smart pointers
vector<shared_ptr<Dog>> v {make_shared<Dog>(droopy),
make_shared<Dog>(goofy),
make_shared<Dog>(pluto)};
{
d->bark();
}

smart pointers
vector<shared_ptr<Dog>> v {make_shared<Dog>(droopy),
make_shared<Dog>(goofy),
make_shared<Dog>(pluto)};
{
d->bark();
}
auto p1 = make_shared<Dog>(droopy);
auto p2 = p1;

smart pointers
vector<unique_ptr<Dog>> v {make_unique<Dog>(droopy),
make_unique<Dog>(goofy),
make_unique<Dog>(pluto)};
{
d->bark();
}

smart pointers
{
d->bark();
}
auto p1 = make_unique<Dog>(droopy);
auto p2 = p1; // Compile time error!

smart pointers
{
d->bark();
}
auto p1 = make_unique<Dog>(droopy);
auto p2 = move(p1); // Ok

move
class Pasteboard
{
public:
Pasteboard() = default;
Pasteboard(const string t) : text(t) {}
private:
string text;
};

move
class Pasteboard
{
public:
Pasteboard() = default;
Pasteboard(const string t) : text(t) {}
Pasteboard(string && t) : text(move(t)) {}
private:
string text;
};

move
vector<unique_ptr<Dog>> getDogs()
{
// Create and return vector
return v;
}
auto v = getDogs();

auto
int x;
- (CGFloat)getY
{
// determine y
return y;
}
float y = self.getY;

auto
auto x; // Compile time error!
- (CGFloat)getY
{
// determine y
return y;
}
float y = self.getY;

auto
auto x = 0; // Compile time error!
- (CGFloat)getY
{
// determine y
return y;
}
auto y = self.getY; // y is CGFloat

auto
^ UIImage * (NSData * result, NSUInteger resultCode, NSDictionary * info)
{
// do something with data
// return image
return image;
};

auto
UIImage * (^b)(NSData * result, NSUInteger resultCode, NSDictionary * info) = ^
UIImage * (NSData * result, NSUInteger resultCode, NSDictionary * info)
{
// return image
return image;
};

auto
id b = ^ UIImage * (NSData * result, NSUInteger resultCode, NSDictionary * info)
{
// return image
return image;
};

auto
id b = ^ UIImage * (NSData * result, NSUInteger resultCode, NSDictionary * info)
{
// return image
return image;
};
b(result, code, info); // compile time error!

auto
auto b = ^ UIImage * (NSData * result, NSUInteger resultCode, NSDictionary * info)
{
// return image
return image;
};
b(result, code, info); // everything is fine :)

Lambdas
NSString * s;
const vector<pair<NSString *, NSString *>> v;

Lambdas
NSString * s;
auto it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), [s](const pair<NSString *, NSString *> & p)
{
return [p.first isEqualToString:s];
});

Lambdas
NSString * s;
auto it = find_if(v.begin(), v.end(), [s](const auto & p)
{
return [p.first isEqualToString:s];
});

Lambdas :: map
vector<NSUInteger> v {1, 2, 3};
vector<NSUInteger> v2 (3);
transform(v.begin(), v.end(), v2.begin(), [](auto i)
{
return ++i;
});
// v2 : 2, 3, 4

Lambdas :: ﬁlter
vector<NSUInteger> v {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
auto const end = remove_if(v.begin(), v.end(), [](auto i)
{
return i % 2 == 0;
});
for (auto i = v.begin(); i != end; ++i)
{
NSLog(@"%@", @(*i));
}
// 1 3 5 7 9

Lambdas
[ capture ] ( params ) -> ret { body }
[] - capture nothing
[&] - capture all by reference
[=] - capture all by making copy
[&a] - capture a by reference
[a] - capture a by copy

Lambdas
typedef void (^Block) ();
@interface B : NSObject
@property (copy) Block b;
@end
@implementation B
- (void)foo
{
self.b = ^{
// do something with self
NSLog(@"%@", self);
};
}
@end

Lambdas
@end
@implementation B
- (void)foo
{
__weak typeof(self) wself = self;
self.b = ^{
// do something with wself
NSLog(@"%@", wself);
};
}
@end

Lambdas
@end
@implementation B
- (void)foo
{
self.b = ^{
__strong typeof(self) sself = wself;
// do something with sself
NSLog(@"%@", sself);
};
}
@end

Lambdas
@end
@implementation B
- (void)foo
{
self.b = ^{
__strong typeof(self) self = wself;
// do something with self
NSLog(@"%@", self);
};
}
@end

Lambdas
using Lambda = std::function<void()>;
@property (assign) Lambda l;
@end
@implementation B
- (void)foo
{
self.l = [self] {
//do something with self
NSLog(@"%@", self);
};
}
@end

Examples
CGPoint addPoints(CGPoint lhs, CGPoint rhs)
{
return CGPointMake(lhs.x + rhs.x, lhs.y + rhs.y);
}
CGPoint substractPoints(CGPoint lhs, CGPoint rhs)
{
return CGPointMake(lhs.x - rhs.x, lhs.y - rhs.y);
}
CGPoint multiplyPoints(CGPoint lhs, CGPoint rhs)
{
return CGPointMake(lhs.x * rhs.x, lhs.y * rhs.y);
}
CGPoint addValueToPoint(CGPoint lhs, CGFloat rhs)
{
return CGPointMake(lhs.x + rhs, lhs.y + rhs);
}
CGPoint multiplyPointAndValue(CGPoint lhs, CGFloat rhs)
{
return CGPointMake(lhs.x * rhs, lhs.y * rhs);
}

Examples
CGSize addSizes(CGSize lhs, CGSize rhs)
{
return CGSizeMake(lhs.width + rhs.width, lhs.height + rhs.height);
}
CGSize substractSizes(CGSize lhs, CGSize rhs)
{
return CGSizeMake(lhs.width - rhs.width, lhs.height - rhs.height);
}
CGSize addValueToSize(CGSize lhs, CGFloat rhs)
{
return CGSizeMake(lhs.width + rhs, lhs.height + rhs);
}
CGSize multiplySizes(CGSize lhs, CGSize rhs)
{
return CGSizeMake(lhs.width * rhs.width, lhs.height * rhs.height);
}
CGSize multiplySizeAndValue(CGSize lhs, CGFloat rhs)
{
return CGSizeMake(lhs.width * rhs, lhs.height * rhs);
}

Examples
const CGPoint p3 = multiplyPointAndValue(addValueToPoint(addPoints(p1, p2), 4), 2);

Examples
inline CGPoint operator+(const CGPoint & lhs, const CGPoint & rhs)
{
return {lhs.x + rhs.x, lhs.y + rhs.y};
}
inline CGPoint operator-(const CGPoint & lhs, const CGPoint & rhs)
{
return {lhs.x - rhs.x, lhs.y - rhs.y};
}
inline CGPoint operator*(const CGPoint & lhs, const CGPoint & rhs)
{
return {lhs.x * rhs.x, lhs.y * rhs.y};
}
template<class T>
inline CGPoint operator*(const CGPoint & lhs, const T rhs)
{
return {lhs.x * rhs, lhs.y * rhs};
}
template<class T>
inline CGPoint operator+(const CGPoint & lhs, const T rhs)
{
return {lhs.x + rhs, lhs.y + rhs};
}

Examples
const CGPoint p3 = ((p1 + p2) + 4) * 2;

Examples
[CKStackLayoutComponent newWithStyle:
[[CKStackLayoutComponentStyle alloc]
initWithDirection:CKStackLayoutComponentDirectionVertical
justifyContent:CKStackLayoutComponentJustifyContentStart
alignItems:CKStackLayoutComponentAlignItemsStart
spacing:0]
children:
@[[CKStackLayoutComponentChild childWithComponent:[HeaderComponent
newWithArticle:article]
topPadding:0
leftPadding:0
bottomPadding:0],
[CKStackLayoutComponentChild childWithComponent:[MessageComponent
topPadding:0
leftPadding:0
bottomPadding:0],
[CKStackLayoutComponentChild childWithComponent:[FooterComponent
topPadding:0
leftPadding:0
bottomPadding:0]
]];

Examples
[CKStackLayoutComponent
newWithStyle:{
.direction = CKStackLayoutComponentDirectionVertical,
}
children:{
{[HeaderComponent newWithArticle:article]},
{[MessageComponent newWithArticle:article]},
{[FooterComponent newWithArticle:article]},
}];

Examples
@interface Point : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, readonly) CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString * identifier;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL isMyPosition;
- (instancetype)initWithCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate
identifier:(NSString *)identifier
isMyPosition:(BOOL)isMyPosition;
- (instancetype)initWithCoordinate(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate;
- (BOOL)isEqual:(Point *)object;
+ (Point *)zeroPoint;
@end
@protocol RoutingProtocol <NSObject>
- (void)buildRouteFrom:(Point *)from to:(Point *)to;
@end

@interface Point : NSObject
@property (nonatomic, readonly) CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) NSString * identifier;
@property (nonatomic, readonly) BOOL isMyPosition;
- (instancetype)initWithCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate
identifier:(NSString *)identifier
isMyPosition:(BOOL)isMyPosition;
- (instancetype)initWithCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate;
- (BOOL)isEqual:(Point *)object;
+ (Point *)zeroPoint;
@end
- (void)buildRouteFrom:(Point *)from to:(Point *)to;
@end
Point * myPosition = [[Point alloc] initWithCoordinate:firstCoordinate];
Point * second = [[Point alloc] initWithCoordinate:secondCoordinate
identifier:secondIdentifier isMyPosition:isSecondMyPosition];
[self.delegate buildRouteFrom:myPosition to:second];

After rename ﬁle to .mm
class Point
{
CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
NSString * identifier;
BOOL isMyPosition;
BOOL ArePointsEqual(const Point & rhs)
{
return coordinate.latitude == rhs.coordinate.longitude &&
coordinate.longitude == rhs.coordinate.longitude &&
[identifier isEqualToString:rhs.identifier] &&
isMyPosition == rhs.isMyPosition;
}
static Point zeroPoint()
{
return {{0, 0}, @"", NO};
}
};
- (void)buildRouteFrom:(const Point &)from to:(const Point &)to;
@end
const Point first = {firstCoordinate, firstIdentifier, isFirstMyPosition};
const Point second = {secondCoordinate, secondIdentifier, isSecondMyPosition};
[self.delegate buildRouteFrom:first to:second];

After rename ﬁle to .mm
class Point
{
BOOL isMyPosition;
BOOL operator ==(const Point & rhs)
{
}
BOOL operator !=(const Point & rhs)
{
return !(*this == rhs);
}
{
return {{0, 0}, @"", NO};
}
};

class Point
{
public:
BOOL operator ==(const Point & rhs) const
{
}
BOOL operator !=(const Point & rhs) const
{
}
{
return {{0, 0}, @"", NO};
}
BOOL isMyPosition;
};

class Point
{
public:
{
return _coordinate.latitude == rhs.coordinate().longitude &&
_coordinate.longitude == rhs.coordinate().longitude &&
[_identifier isEqualToString:rhs.identifier()] &&
_isMyPosition == rhs.isMyPosition();
}
{
}
{
return {{0, 0}, @"", NO};
}
CLLocationCoordinate2D const & coordinate() const
{
return _coordinate;
}
NSString * identifier() const
{
return _identifier;
}
BOOL isMyPosition() const
{
return _isMyPosition;
}
private:
CLLocationCoordinate2D _coordinate;
NSString * _identifier;
BOOL _isMyPosition;
};

class Point
{
public:
Point(const CLLocationCoordinate2D & c, NSString * i, BOOL p) : _coordinate(c), _identifier(i),
_isMyPosition(p) {}
{
}
{
}
{
return {{0, 0}, @"", NO};
}
{
return _coordinate;
}
{
return _identifier;
}
{
}
private:
BOOL _isMyPosition;
};

class Point
{
public:
Point(const CLLocationCoordinate2D & c, NSString * i, BOOL p) : _coordinate(c), _identifier(i), _isMyPosition(p) {}
Point(const CLLocationCoordinate2D & c) : _coordinate(c), _identifier(@"My position"), _isMyPosition(YES) {}
{
}
{
}
{
return {{0, 0}, @"", NO};
}
{
return _coordinate;
}
{
return _identifier;
}
{
}
private:
BOOL _isMyPosition;
};

class Point
{
public:
Point(const CLLocationCoordinate2D & c, NSString * i, BOOL p) : _coordinate(c), _identifier(i), _isMyPosition(p) {}
Point(const CLLocationCoordinate2D & c) : _coordinate(c), _identifier(@"My position"), _isMyPosition(YES) {}
Point() = default;
{
}
{
}
{
return Point();
}
{
return _coordinate;
}
{
return _identifier;
}
{
}
private:
BOOL _isMyPosition = false;
};

Before

After
[self.delegate buildRouteFrom:{myPositionCoordinate} to:{secondCoordinate,
secondIdentifier, isSecondMyPosition}];
Before

Shoot yourself in the foot
1. Property
2. Default constructor
3. Сopying
4. Aggregate initialization after reordering

Popular projects
• Objective-C Runtime
• Facebook Pop
• Facebook ComponentKit
• Realm

Popular projects
• Objective-C Runtime
• Facebook Pop
• Facebook ComponentKit
• Realm
And another one…

"О некоторых особенностях Objective-C++" Влад Михайленко (Maps.Me)

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