This document defines key terms related to ecosystems, including biotic and abiotic factors, producers, consumers, and decomposers. It describes the structure and functions of ecosystems, including energy flow and food chains/webs. Various types of ecosystems are classified, such as terrestrial (forest, grassland, mountain), freshwater (lentic and lotic), and marine. Specific examples like forest, desert, pond/lake, and ocean ecosystems are outlined, defining their biotic and abiotic components.

1. ECOSYSTEMS
K. NIHARIKA, M. Pharm
Asst. Professor

2. ENVIRONMENT
ECOSYSTEM
HABITAT

3. STRUCTURE OF AN
ECOSYSTEM
BIOTIC ABIOTIC
PRODUCERS
CONSUMERS
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
DECOMPOSERS
PHYSICAL FACTORS:
 Light
 Temperature
 Evaporation
 Gravity
 Pressure
 Air & Water Currents
CHEMICAL FACTORS:
 Oxygen
 Carbondioxide
 Minerals
 Macronutrients
 Micronutrients
 Organic Matter

4. PRODUCERS
PRIMARY PRODUCTION
SECONDARY PRODUCTION

5. CONSUMERS
PRIMARY
CONSUMERS
SECONDARY
CONSUMERS
TERTIARY
CONSUMERS

6. DECOMPOSERS
FUNGI BACTERIA

7. FUNCTIONS OF AN ECOSYSTEM
ENERGY FLOW & FOOD CHAIN

8. FOOD WEB

9. ECOLOGICAL PYRAMIDS

10. CLASSIFICATION:

11. TERRESTIAL ECOSYSTEM
FOREST GRASSLAND MOUNTAIN

12. FOREST ECOSYSTEM
BIOTIC
 PRODUCERS : PLANTS, TREES
CONSUMERS : DEER, LION, TIGER
DECOMPOSERS: BACTERIA, FUNGI
ABIOTIC
CLIMATE
TEMPERATURE ETC.,

13. DESERT ECOSYSTEM
BIOTIC
 PRODUCERS : SHRUBS,XEROPHYTES
CONSUMERS : REPTILES
DECOMPOSERS: THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA,
ABIOTIC
CLIMATE
TEMPERATURE ETC.,

14. AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM
FRESH WATER
LENTIC- PONDS, LAKES
LOTIC- RIVERS
MARINE
OCEANS
SEA
EASTURY

15. POND/ RIVER/ LAKE
ECOSYSTEM
BIOTIC
 PRODUCERS : HERBS, FLOATING PLANTS
CONSUMERS : FROGS, FISHES
DECOMPOSERS: BACTERIA, FUNGI
ABIOTIC
CLIMATE
TEMPERATURE ETC.,

17. OCEAN/ SEA ECOSYSTEM
BIOTIC
 PRODUCERS : SMALL PLANTS
CONSUMERS : FISHES, SHARKS
DECOMPOSERS: BACTERIA, FUNGI
ABIOTIC
CLIMATE
TEMPERATURE ETC.,

19. THANK YOU