Tale of fail

1. ISD Software Aids:
Ghosts from a Distant Past
Jacques LeCavalier

2. 1. Top CAID* systems from the
'90's
2. Types and goals of CAID
systems
3. Why did CAID die? Can it be
resurrected?
Scary Agenda
*CAID: Computer Assisted

4. ID Expert - Guts

5. ID Expert - Screens

6. ID Expert - Screens

8. IDE - $6 million…

10. IDioM /
IDEAL

12. Transform

13. Types and Goals of Systems
Jonassen & Wilson, 1990
“CAD/CAM” tools Expert Systems
• Very flexible
• Don’t replace user expertise
• Problem-solving space; may
use cases
• Target experienced
designers
• Manage information and
production
• Rule-based knowledge
base(s)
• “Consults” with user
• Used for specific design
tasks (e.g., media selection)
• Target more novice
designers
“CASE” Tools Hybrid tools
• Automation of ISD process
• Based on user-entered data,
produce an ISD
specification or learning
• Bring together best
elements of all approaches
• Rule bases
• Case libraries,

14. Types and Goals of Systems
LeCavalier & Robert, 1991
Tools that DIRECT Tools that SUPPORT
• Novice users
• System exercises control
• Rule-based knowledge
• More experienced users
• Information management
platform
• Rapid prototyping
• User exercises control
Tools that TEACH Tools that help
COMMUNICATION
• Formal knowledge
(definitions, procedures,
research evidence, etc .)
• Informal knowledge
(previous designs,
discussions, ideas)
• Because ISD happens in
teams
• Expertise is often
distributed
• Facilitates reviews,
revisions, re-designs

15. Why did CAID die?

16. Why did it die?

17. • Systems too expensive to
build?
• ISD too complex? …too
undefined?
• Quality education/training too
unimportant?
Why did CAID die?