NISO Two Part Webinar: Is Granularity the Next Discovery Frontier? Part 1: Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content

1. NISO Two Part Webinar: Is Granularity the Next Discovery Frontier? Part 1: Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content Wednesday, March 11, 2015 Speakers: Myung-Ja (MJ) Han, Metadata Librarian, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Tito Sierra, Director of Product Management, EBSCO Information Services Daniel Mayer, Vice President of Product & Marketing, TEMIS http://www.niso.org/news/events/2015/webinars/granularity_pt1/

2. Metadata with Levels of Description Myung-Ja (MJ) Han Metadata Librarian University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 23/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content

3. Metadata is … Prime sources of information to: • Organize • Manage • Provide access to resources • Preserve library resources Access and Management 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 3

4. 00667cam a2200229Ii 450000100080000000500170000800800410002503500230006604 000230008903500130011203500160012509000220014104900090 016310000350017224501080020726000380031530000190035350 000320037291000120040499400120041691000090042826241082 0030807121329.0900530s1841 enk 000 1 eng d a(OCoLC)ocm03535290 aSUCcSUCdOCLdUIU 9ARY-4606 9UC 12037257 aPR4058b.S65 1841 aUIUU1 aIngoldsby, Thomas,d1788-1845.10aSome account of my cousin Nicholas /cby Tomas Igoldsby, esq. ; to which is added, The rubber of life. aLondon :bRichard Bentley,c1841. a3 v. ;c19 cm. aFirst edition. Sadleir 157. arcp3356 a02bUIU aMARS Localized card cataloging Library of Congress’ card service MARC 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 4

5. MARC • MARC Format Record - has been a cataloging tool in the library community since the 1960’s - has more than 1,900 fields - has made libraries move towards the Computer Age (Tennant, 2004) 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 5

6. Changes - Environments • Libraries have lost their place as primary information providers (Coyle & Hillmann, 2007) • Users’ search behaviors have changed • Printed book is no longer the only major vehicle for scholarly communication (Sandler, 2005) • Increase in diverse formats/web-based information resources 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 6

7. Changes - Metadata • Metadata - contains more than descriptive information - is harvested and converted - is provided by vendors and others - is enhanced by users - should support discovery service 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 7

8. “Virtually any content we digitize and make available to our clientele requires metadata for discovery and access.” (Tennant, 2002, p. 32) 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 8

9. Metadata Should be created in different levels of granularity to support granular levels of access! 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 9

10. Different Levels of Access • Volume on a shelf • Chapter of a book • Article of a journal issue • Special unit of a book 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 10

11. Different Levels of Metadata • Book/Journal title • Chapter • Article • Special unit of a book • And more… 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 11

12. Granularity of Metadata I • Emerging needs –Meet users’ needs to find and use resources –Support the library’s discovery services –Increase interest and development of digital humanities Need granular levels of metadata! 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 12

13. 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 13 ?

14. 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 14 Riley, Jennifer. (2010).“Seeing Standards: A Visualization of the Metadata Universe.” http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/~jenlrile/metadatamap/

15. Granularity of Elements • MARC 100 1 _ $a Last name, First name. $d 1111-1222, $e role. • TEI <name type="person">First name and Last name</name> or, <author>Last name, First name.</author> • Dublin Core <dc:creator>Last name, First name. Date. </dc:creator> • MODS <name type=”personal”> <namePart type=”given”>Last name</namePart> <namePart type=”family”>First name </namePart> <role> <roleTerm type=”code” authority=”marcrelator”>aut</roleTerm> <roleTerm type=”text” authority=”marcrelator”>author</roleTerm> </role> </name> 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 15

16. <dc:title>1818-1918, a hundred years of Sunday school history in Illinois; a mosaic.</dc:title> <dc:creator>Mills, Andrew H.,1851- </dc:creator> <dc:type>text</dc:type> <dc:publisher>Decatur, Ill., The author</dc:publisher> <dc:date>[1918?]</dc:date> <dc:language>eng</dc:language> <dc:subject>International Sunday school association.</dc:subject> <dc:subject>Sunday schools</dc:subject> <dc:relation/> <dc:identifier>http://www.archive.org/details/18181918hundredy00mill</dc:identifier> <mods:mods> <mods:titleInfo> <mods:title>1818-1918, a hundred years of Sunday school history in Illinois..</mods:title> </mods:titleInfo> <mods:name><namePart type="given">Andrew H.</namePart> <namePart type="family">Mills</namePart> <namePart type="date">1851- </namePart> <mods:role> <mods:roleTerm mods:type="text">author</mods:roleTerm> </mods:role> </mods:name> ….. </mods:mods> 3/11/2015 16 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content

17. Extensibility of Element “Schemas allow users to extend the elements set to meet the local use.” 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 17

18. Granularity of Values How to add subject headings? •20% rule •Rule of three •Rule of four Does this serve well in resource discovery and retrieval in the digital age? 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 18

19. Granularity of Metadata II • Creating/extending metadata schemas –*Assess the granularity of access points –*Develop a new set of elements (Application profile) –Identify available semantics –Create a new metadata schema • (Application Profile) *Metadata record creation 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 19

20. 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 20

21. 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 21 Book Emblem Pictura

24. 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 24 <biblioDesc> <mods> <mods:titleInfo> <mods:title>XL [i.e. Quadraginta] emblemata miscella nova </mods:title> </mods:titleInfo> <mods:physicalDescription> <mods:digitalOrigin>reformatted digital</mods:digitalOrigin> <mods:form authority="marcform">print</mods:form> <mods:extent>[8], xxxx p. : 41 ill. ; 20 cm.</mods:extent> </mods:physicalDescription> ... </mods>

25. 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 25 <copyDesc> <copyID>uiu2895515</copyID> <owner countryCode="US">University of Illinois</owner> <digDesc comp="complete" scope="all" xml:id="xliequadragintae00mure" globalID=http://hdl.handle.net/10111/UIUCOCA:xliequadragintae00 mure> <copyID>10111/UIUCOCA:xliequadragintae00mure </copyID> <owner countryCode="US">University of Illinois</owner> </digDesc> … </copyDesc>

26. 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 26 <emblem xmlns:rdf=http://… xmlns:skos=http://… xml:id="E000944" citeNo="I." globalID="http://... :E000944"> <motto> <transcription xml:lang="de"> Alchimisterey: <normalisation>xml:lang="de">Alchemie:</normalisation> </transcription> </motto> <pictura xml:id="E000944_P1"> <iconclass rdf:about="http://www.iconclass.org/rkd/31A247"> <skos:notation>31A247</skos:notation> <skos:prefLabel>looking over the shoulder</skos:prefLabel> </iconclass> … </picture> </emblem> </biblioDesc>

28. Metadata • Involves designing data model • Is a highly collaborative effort –Scholars/users –Domain specialists –Metadata/Cataloging librarian (Cole, Han, and Vannoy, 2012) 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 28

29. 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 29 New Metadata Schema Catalogers/ Metadata Librarians Users Domain Specialists New discovery services

30. Images • Building Blocks (Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic (CC BY-SA 2.0)) http://www.flickr.com/photos/bdesham/2432400623/ • Lego Parts (Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)) http://www.flickr.com/photos/starstreak007/3882987034/in/ph otostream/ • Lego Pencil and Notebook (Attribution-NonCommercial- NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0)) http://www.flickr.com/photos/starstreak007/3882191947/in/ph otostream/ 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 30

31. References • Coyle, K., & Hillmann, D. (2007). Resource Description and Access (RDA). D-Lib Magazine, 13(1/2). doi:10.1045/january2007-coyle • Cole, T. W., Han, M-J, & Vannoy, J. (2012). Descriptive Metadata, Iconclass, and Digitized Emblem Literature." Proceedings of the12th Annual Joint Conference on Digital Libraries. New York: Association for Computing Machinery. 111-120. • Sandler, M. (2005). Disruptive Beneficence, Internet Reference Services Quarterly, 10(3-4), 5-22. • Tennant, R. (2002). The Importance of Being Granular. Library Journal, 127(9), 32. • Tennant, R. (2004). A Bibliographic Metadata Infrastructure for the Twenty-First Century. Library Hi Tech, 22(2), 175-181. 3/11/2015 NISO Webinar on Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content 31

32. Is Granularity the Next Discovery Frontier? Granular Discovery: User Challenges and Opportunities Tito Sierra Director of Product Management, Search EBSCO Information Services

33. EBSCO Discovery Service Agenda • The Evolution of Library Discovery • Discovery in the Age of Google • Metadata and Granular Discovery – Metadata-centered approaches – User-centered approaches • Concluding Thoughts

34. EBSCO Discovery Service The Evolution of Library Discovery

35. EBSCO Discovery Service The Evolution of Library Discovery Library search has come a long way • OPACs • Online Research Databases • Federated Search • Next Generation Catalogs • Web-scale Discovery Services

36. EBSCO Discovery Service The Evolution of Library Discovery From siloed discovery to unified discovery • Articles / e-journal content • Print collection (catalog) • E-books • Magazines / trade publications / news sources • General reference / specialized reference • Multimedia (images, audio, videos)

37. EBSCO Discovery Service The Evolution of Library Discovery Supporting a variety of discovery needs • Known-item book and article citation search • Exploratory search / topic exploration • Discipline-specific research / literature reviews • Curriculum support / course assignments • General reference / specialized reference • Specialized content discovery

38. EBSCO Discovery Service Discovery in the Age of Google

39. EBSCO Discovery Service User Expectations for Search

40. EBSCO Discovery Service User Expectations for Search Shaped by popular search engines • Support basic keyword search • Deep content coverage – Diverse content types – Diverse content sources • Predictive relevance ranking • Intelligent search features – Autocomplete, Did-you-mean

41. EBSCO Discovery Service Findings from EDS User Research Observation Implication Keyword search most common Discovery service cannot assume users will pre- coordinate their search. Discovery service needs to anticipate user intent based on limited input. Faceted search used sparingly Discovery service cannot assume users will post- coordinate their search. Discovery service needs to provide more user-friendly narrowing options. Search queries length often short (1-2 words) Discovery service needs to anticipate user intent based on limited input. Search features needed to help users clarity their search intent. Broad and imprecise queries common Discovery service needs to help users narrow their search based on limited input. Many users looking for a topical overview on a subject. User focus on top results Relevance ranking crucial for delivering a quality search experience. Need to optimize search to display most relevant results on first page.

42. EBSCO Discovery Service The Discovery Service Challenge Despite major evolutions in library search, libraries, publishers, and discovery service providers need to work harder to meet evolving user expectations for search.

43. EBSCO Discovery Service The Discovery Service Advantage One advantage that library discovery services have over general purpose search engines is access to high-quality, well structured metadata.

44. EBSCO Discovery Service Metadata and Granular Discovery

45. EBSCO Discovery Service Metadata, Metadata, Metadata

48. EBSCO Discovery Service Metadata, Metadata, Metadata • Citation metadata – Title, Authors, Publication Date, Volume, Issue… • Descriptive metadata – Publication Type, Document Type, Subject Terms, Abstract, Author-supplied keywords, Lexile level… • Source metadata – Publisher, Content Provider, Database… • Identifiers – ISBN, ISSN, LCCN, Call Number…

49. EBSCO Discovery Service Metadata-centered Approaches to Granular Discovery

50. Advanced Search

51. Advanced Search Advanced search options:  Single fielded search  Title  Author  Subject Terms  Multi-fielded search  Search modes  Boolean/Phrase  Find all search terms  Find any search terms  Search limiters  Full Text  Scholarly Journals  Catalog Only  Language

52. Faceted Search

53. Faceted Search

54. EBSCO Discovery Service Faceted Search

55. EBSCO Discovery Service Metadata-centered Approaches Advanced Search and Faceted Search are powerful tools—for those who know how to effectively use them. They require user to translate discovery need into the language of metadata. Consequently they are underutilized.

56. EBSCO Discovery Service User-centered Approaches to Granular Discovery

57. EBSCO Discovery Service User-centered Approaches Anticipate end user intent using clues from the user query and user context. Deliver targeted content at the top of the results list where users expect.

58. Research Starters Topic overviews for broad topical queries.

59. Publication Title Placard (Beta) Journal name searched, exact match found. Publication match based on customer’s holdings.

60. EBSCO Discovery Service Concluding Thoughts

61. EBSCO Discovery Service Metadata Necessary But Insufficient Supporting access to increasingly granular chunks of content will requires capture and management of finer-grained metadata. Metadata needs to be coupled with search intelligence to have a broad impact.

62. EBSCO Discovery Service Areas for Future Investment • Deepen analysis of usage data to better understand user context and expressed granular discovery needs • Develop intelligent bridging between user queries and granular metadata • Build in adaptive learning capabilities to automatically refine intelligent search approaches over time

63. EBSCO Discovery Service Discussion / Q&A

64. From Unstructured Content to Granular Insights Daniel Mayer VP Product & Marketing daniel.mayer@temis.com

67. Copyright © 2012 TEMIS - All Rights Reserved - Slide 67 Textual Big Data Challenge • News • Market Studies • Economic Data • Financial Publications • Scientific Literature • Patents • Books • Conference Proceedings • Clinical Research • Patient Health Records • Regulations • Legal Decisions • Customer Emails • Tweets • Blog posts +50% Per year

68. Copyright © 2012 TEMIS - All Rights Reserved - Slide 68 • Save time with quick & easy access to the most relevant • Improve your insight into your interest area • Take better decisions Textual Big Data Opportunities

69. Copyright © 2012 TEMIS - All Rights Reserved - Slide 69 Textual Big Data How to seize these opportunities ? by adding structure • Save time with quick & easy access to the most relevant • Improve your insight into your interest area • Take better decisions

70. Copyright © 2012 TEMIS - All Rights Reserved - Slide 70 How do you structure ? We report a 52 year-old man presenting an acute hair loss induced by carbamazepine (CBZ) in concentration of 8.6 microg/ml. By extracting granular & domain-specific information Relations We report a 52 year-old man presenting an acute hair loss induced by carbamazepine (CBZ) in concentration of 8.6 microg/ml. Verb Patient Verb Symptom Verb Dosage informationSubj Entities Drug Name Terms Pro Verb NumArt N-P Noun Verb Art Adj Nn Nn Verb Pp PropNn Pp Noun Pp Num UnitAbbr Attributes Roles Adverse Event Side Effect Alopecia Cause Carbamazepine Dosage 8.6 mg/ml Patient 52 year old male

71. Copyright © 2012 TEMIS - All Rights Reserved - Slide 71 A case of hair loss induced by carbamazepine Kohno Y, Ishii A, Shoji S, Department of Clinical Neurology, Tsukuba University. We report a 52 year-old man presenting with an acute considerable hair loss induced by carbamazepine (CBZ). The remarkable scalp hair loss started within a week after CBZ administration. There was no evidence of dermatitis or allergic reaction, or other cause for the hair loss. The serum concentration of CBZ was 8.6 microg/ml therapeutic range 8- 12 microg/ml). CBZ was discontinued, and the hair loss stopped within several days with new hair growth. Medication-induced hair loss is an occasional adverse effect of many drugs used for neuropsychological diseases. CBZ also induces hair loss and its frequency was reported below 2%. Only a limited number of detailed case reports describing CBZ- induced hair loss were available, and we found these cases could divide into two groups with regard to a delay in starting hair loss after administration of CBZ. In one group, the hair loss started within a week suggesting anagen effluvium and in another it started after two or three months suggesting telogen effluvium. This finding suggests the causative mechanism of CBZ-induced hair loss is not unitary. Neuropsychological diseases Diseases 8.6 microg./ml Dosage information 8-12 microg./ml man52 year old Patient information Dept of Clinical Neurology, Tsukuba University Organizations Kohno Y Ishii A Shoji S People Carbamazepine CBZ Drugs Alopecia Dermatitis Allergic reaction Anagen effluvium Telogen effluvium Symptoms How does this help ? Enrich document metadata Side-effect Relationships Drug-induced alopecia A case of hair loss induced by carbamazepine Kohno Y, Ishii A, Shoji S, Department of Clinical Neurology, Tsukuba University. We report a 52 year-old man presenting with an acute considerable hair loss induced by carbamazepine (CBZ). The remarkable scalp hair loss started within a week after CBZ administration. There was no evidence of dermatitis or allergic reaction, or other cause for the hair loss. The serum concentration of CBZ was 8.6 microg/ml therapeutic range 8- 12 microg/ml). CBZ was discontinued, and the hair loss stopped within several days with new hair growth. Medication-induced hair loss is an occasional adverse effect of many drugs used for neuropsychological diseases. CBZ also induces hair loss and its frequency was reported below 2%. Only a limited number of detailed case reports describing CBZ- induced hair loss were available, and we found these cases could divide into two groups with regard to a delay in starting hair loss after administration of CBZ. In one group, the hair loss started within a week suggesting anagen effluvium and in another it started after two or three months suggesting telogen effluvium. This finding suggests the causative mechanism of CBZ-induced hair loss is not unitary.

73. Copyright © 2012 TEMIS - All Rights Reserved - Slide 73 Search Engine Index De Recherche Index IndexingExtraction Luxid® Annotation Server How does this help ? Exploiting enriched metadata Metadata / Triples

74. Copyright © 2012 TEMIS - All Rights Reserved - Slide 74 Applications Search Analysis Visualization Facets Recommendations Portals Topic Pages Decision Support Search Engine Index De Recherche Index IndexingExtraction Luxid® Annotation Server How does this help ? Exploiting enriched metadata Metadata / Triples Linked Data Knowledge Bases

79. Copyright © 2012 TEMIS - All Rights Reserved - Slide 79 Nature of the offense Nature of the sentence Numerical data regarding the sentence Numerical Data regarding the context Facetted search/navigation

90. Thank You Your Questions Daniel Mayer VP Product & Marketing daniel.mayer@temis.com

91. NISO Webinar • March 11, 2015 Questions? All questions will be posted with presenter answers on the NISO website following the webinar: http://www.niso.org/news/events/2015/webinars/granularity_pt1/ NISO Two-Part Webinar Is Granularity the Next Discovery Frontier? Part 1: Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content

92. Thank you for joining us today. Please take a moment to fill out the brief online survey. We look forward to hearing from you! THANK YOU

NISO Two Part Webinar: Is Granularity the Next Discovery Frontier? Part 1: Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content

National Information Standards Organization (NISO)

NISO Two Part Webinar: Is Granularity the Next Discovery Frontier? Part 1: Supporting Direct Access to Increasingly Granular Chunks of Content