presentation about one of the common disease which called brucellosis ,i tried to tell all important points about this infection , so it will be useful for students and teachers to make information about this common infection

1. Brucellosis

2. History
 In 1886 David Bruce (1855-1931), a British army surgeon,
isolated a cocco-bacillus that he named “Micrococcus
melitensis” from the spleen of a man who had died of “Malta
Fever”
 In 1897 a similar microbe was isolated from the
udder of cows

3. Introduction
Brucellosis is a disease caused by a group of bacteria from the
genus Brucella. These bacteria can infect both humans and animals.
Brucellosis is often spread when people eat contaminated food,
which can include raw meat and unpasteurized milk. The bacteria
can also be spread through the air or contact with an open wound.

4.  Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection transmitted to humans contact with
fluids from infected animals (sheep, cattle, goats, pigs, dogs, cow, and
other animals).
 Spread in the body occurs via lymphatics, replication within
lymph nodes, and then wide hematogenous spread to organs
and tissues.

5. Brucellosis, also called Bang's disease, Crimean fever, Gibraltar fever,
Malta fever, Maltese fever, Mediterranean fever, rock fever, or
undulant fever
Other names of this disease

6. Brucella
Brucella spp are small gram-negative , aerobic coccobacilli lacking a
capsule, flagella, endospores, or native plasmids.
Oxidase and catalase tests are positive for most members of
the genus Brucella

7. They are intracellular within the host organism, and show
environmental persistence outside the host. They survive extremes in
temperature, pH, and humidity, and in frozen and aborted materials.
They infect many species, but with some specificity.[1]

8. Species Main animal host Human
Pathogen
Pathoge-
nicity
B. abortus cattle yes Moderate
B. melitensis goats, sheep yes Highest
B. suis pigs yes High
B. canis dogs yes Moderate
Main Causative Species of
Human Brucellosis

9. Pathogenicity
 A and M antigens are common to 3 mains Brucella spp.
 B. melitensis has the highest concentration of M antigen and causes
the most serious infections.
 The difference between species is related to the amount of the two
main antigen:

10. WHO IS AT RISK?
o Occupational Disease:
• Cattle ranchers/dairy farmers.
• Veterinarians.
• Abattoir workers.
• Meat inspectors.
• Lab workers.
o Hunters.
o Travelers.
o Consumers of unpasteurized dairy products.

11. PORTALS OF ENTRY
Oral entry - most common route
 Ingestion of contaminated animal products (often raw
milk or its derivatives)
 contact with contaminated fingers
Aerosols
 Inhalation of bacteria
 Contamination of the conjunctivae
 Percutaneous - infection through skin abrasions or
by accidental inoculation

12. INCUBATION PERIOD
Acute or sub acute disease follows an incubation period
which can vary from 1 week to 6 or more months.
In most patients for whom the time of exposure can be
identified, the incubation period is between 2 and 6
weeks
Dr.T.V.Rao MD 12

13. The length of the incubation period may be influenced by many
factors
 virulence of the infecting strain
 size of the inoculum
 route of infection
 resistance of the host

14. COMPLICATION
 Endocarditis — 1 percent. Most cases of endocarditis are left-
side, and about two-thirds occur on previously damaged
valves.
 Hepatic abscess — 1 percent
 Other less common complications include pneumonitis,
pleural effusion, empyema,, or abscess involving the spleen,
thyroid, or epidural space, uveitis.

15. The symptoms of brucellosis in humans are similar to having the flu. The
symptoms may include:
• appetite loss
• back pain
• chills
• lethargy
• headaches
• pain in the abdomen
• pain in the joints
• fever that comes and goes
• weight loss
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS

16. DIAGNOSIS
 Serology: Brucella agglutinins in the blood.
 Blood or tissue or bone marrow culture.
 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
 BAT detects antibody to B. abortus, B. melitensis and B. suis
but NOT to B. canis.
 Rose Bengal Test is useful for screening
 ELISA
 2-ME-test (mercaptoethanol)

17. TREATMENT
 Tetracycline
 Aminoglycoside
 Streptomycin since 1947
 Gentamicin
 Netilmicin
 Rifampicin
 Quinolones – ciprofloxacin
 3rd generation cephalosporin

18. PREVENTION :
 vaccine:
RB51 and S19 are used to cattle against B. abortus
Rev-1 is used to goat and sheeps against B. melitensis

19. oEducation about risk of transmission.
•Farmer, veterinarian, abattoir worker, butcher, etc.
oWear proper attire if dealing with infected animals/tissues.
•Gloves, masks, goggles.
oAvoid consumption of raw dairy products.

20. REFERENCE
http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/brucellosis-symptoms-treatment#1
https://www.cdc.gov/brucellosis/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis
http://www.medicinenet.com/brucellosis_facts/article.htm
http://www.healthline.com/health/brucellosis