ecological succesion

1. ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
Presented by: SUMAN MEENA under supervision Mrs. Anju Singh

2. CONTENTS
1. Ecological succession
2. Steps of succession
• Nudation
• Invasion
• Competition and Coreaction
• Reaction
• Climax
3. Example of Succession

3. ECOLOGICAL SUCCESSION
 The replacement of one
community by another
until a stable stage is
reached is called
ecological succession.
 Ecosystems tend to
change with time until a
stable system is formed.

4. Primary Succession
 Primary succession
occurs where there
was no previous
community, such as
on bare rock or sand.
 Primary succession
begins with pioneer
organisms.

5. Secondary Succession
 When a community is
disrupted and
succession occurs
again, it is called
secondary
succession.
 Disruption may be
from fire, farming,
wind, foresting

6. STEPS OF SUCCESSION
 Nudation
 Invasion
 Competition and co action
 Reaction
 Stabilization (Climax)

7. This is development of bare area without any
form of species.
nudation may occur due to-
Topographic
Climatic
Biotic
Nudation

8. Invasion is the successful establishment of a
species (Pioneer organisms) in a bare area.
Invasion include the following three steps:
Migration
Ecesis (establishment)
Aggregation
Invasion

9. Competition and coaction
Due to aggregation of a large no. of the species
at the limited place, there develops competition
for space and nutrition.
Individuals of a species affect each other’s life
in various way this is called Coaction.

10. Reaction
Reaction includes mechanism of the modification
of the environment through the influence of living
organisms on it. Due to this very significant stage,
changes take place in soil, water, light conditions,
temperature, etc., of the environment. As a result of
reaction, the environment is modified and become
unsuitable for the existing community which sooner
or later is replaced by another community (seral
community).

11. Stabilization (Climax)
The final stage of succession is called the
climax community.
The final community is not replaced and is
known as climax community and the stage as
climax stage.

12. Example of ecological Succession

13. THANK YOU