Colonialism refers to the conquest and control of other people's lands and goods. Postcolonialism examines the cultural legacy and human consequences of colonialism, including its effects on colonized peoples' languages, identities, and literatures. Key thinkers who established postcolonialism include Frantz Fanon, Edward Said, Gayatri Spivak, Homi Bhabha, and Dipesh Chakrabarty. They rejected Western cultural dominance and provided new perspectives for understanding the experiences and voices of colonized populations.

2. Index :
1. What is colonialism ?
2. What is post colonialism ?
3. Importance of this term
4. Thinkers
5. Foundational Works
6. Examples

3. Colonialism :
• The word colonialism comes from the Roman word "Colonia" which
means "farm" or "Settlement " and referred to Romans who settled in other
lands but still retained their citizenship.
Accordingly the Oxford English Dictionary ....
A settlement in a new country.......A body of
people who settle in a new locality , forming a
community subjects to or connected with
their parent state; the community so formed
,consisting of the original settlers and their
descendants and successors , as long as the
connection with parent state is kept up.

4. • Colonialism and Imperialism are often used interchangeably.
• It creates the most complex and traumatic relationships in human
society.
• Colonialism can be defined as conquest and control of other
people's lands and goods.
 Effect of Colonialism :

5. Postcolonialism :
Postcolonialism is an academic discipline
and theoretical structure that analyzes,
explains, and responds to the cultural legacy
of colonialism and imperialism.
It speaks about the human consequences of
external control and economic exploitation of
native people and their lands.
 New perspective to look
 Rejects the dominant western way of seeing
and superiority of western culture.

6. The reality through is that world today is a world of
inequality and much of different falls across the broad division
between people of the waste and those of the non-waste.
 Postcolonialism is about changing world .
 A world that has been changed by struggle .
 It disturbs the order of the world .
 It is all about language and power and identity crisis.
 It threatens , privilege and power re-forces to acknowledge
the superiority of the western culture. Its radical agenda is to
demand equality and well being for all human beings on this earth.

7. Postcolonialism also examines the effects of colonial rule on
the cultural aspects of the colony and its treatment of .......
Women
Language
Humanity
Literature

8. .
• Postcolonialism address the politics of knowledge.
The postcolonial identity of a decolonised people, which derives from:
(1) The coloniser's generation of cultural knowledge about the colonised
people.
(2) How that Western cultural knowledge was applied to subjugate a non–
European people. Non western lost their language , identity and culture.
"The Third World" is seen as world define entirely by its relations to
colonialisation.

9. Frantz Fanon
• The psychiatrist and philosopher
• Imposition of a subjugating colonial identity—are
harmful to the mental health of the native peoples who
were subjugated into colonies.
• Dehumanization is achieved with physical and mental
violence, by which the colonist means to inculcate a
servile mentality upon the natives.

10. Edward Said
Born: November 1, 1935, Jerusalem, Palestine
[now Israel]
Died: September 24, 2003, New York City, New
York, USA
• Was a professor of literature at Columbia
University
• A public intellectual, and a founder of the
academic field of postcolonial studies.
• The Most famous ideas about
Occidentalism, Orientalism, the Other are given by
him.

11. “You cannot continue to victimize someone else just because you
yourself were a victim once—there has to be a limit”
- Edward Said
-

12. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak :
• An Indian scholar, literary theorist, and feminist
critic.
• Spivak also introduced the
terms essentialism and strategic essentialism to
describe the social functions of Postcolonialism.
• “Can Subaltern Speak ??” is the
prominent work to study
Postcolonialism.

13. In establishing the Postcolonial definition of the term Subaltern,
the philosopher and theoretician Gayatri Chakravorty
Spivak cautioned against assigning an over-broad connotation;
that:
“ . . . subaltern is not just a classy word for "oppressed", for The
Other, for somebody who's not getting a piece of the pie. . . . In
postcolonial terms, everything that has limited or no access to
the cultural imperialism is subaltern—a space of difference.
Now, who would say that's just the oppressed? The working
class is oppressed. It's not subaltern. . . . Many people want to
claim subalternity. They are the least interesting and the most
dangerous. I mean, just by being a discriminated-against
minority on the university campus; they don't need the word
'subaltern' . . . They should see what the mechanics of the
discrimination are. They're within the hegemonic discourse,
wanting a piece of the pie, and not being allowed, so let them
speak, use the hegemonic discourse. They should not call
themselves subaltern.”
(— Interview with Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak: New Nation
Writers Conference in South Africa (1992) )

15. Homi K. Bhabha
Born: 1949 Mumbai
Nationality: American, Indian
• Professor of English and American Literature and
Language, and the Director of the Humanities Centre
at Harvard University.
•Nation and narration

17. Dipesh Chakrabarty
In Provincializing
Europe (2000), Dipesh
Chakrabarty charted the
subaltern history of the Indian
struggle for independence,
and countered Eurocentric,
Western scholarship about
non-Western peoples and
cultures, by proposing that
Western Europe simply be
considered as culturally equal
to the other cultures of the
world, that is, as "one region
among many" in human
geography.

18. Foundational works :

19. Examples of Texts :

20. Other Examples :

21. Gayatri Spivak telescopes this
dynamic into a pitchy sentence :
"White men are saving brown
women from brown man."

22. Thus, Postcolonialism establishes intellectual
spaces for subaltern peoples to speak for themselves, in their
own voices, and thus produce cultural discourses of philosophy,
language, society and economy, balancing the imbalanced us-
and-them binary power-relationship between the colonist and
the colonial subjects.

23. Works Cited
AniaLoomba. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. New York: (Bohehmer)
Bohehmer, Elleke. "Postcolonialism." Waugh, Patricia. Literary Theory and Criticism. Oxford UNiversity
Press, n.d. 341-355.
Said, Edward. www.goodread.com. 18 Jan 2017 <http://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/postcolonialism>.
Wikipedia contributors. "Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The
Free Encyclopedia, 15 Jan. 2017. Web. 25 Jan. 2017
Wikipedia contributors. "Edward Said." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia, 21 Jan. 2017. Web. 25 Jan. 2017.
Wikipedia contributors. "Frantz Fanon." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia, 19 Jan. 2017. Web. 25 Jan. 2017.
Wikipedia contributors. "Homi K. Bhabha." Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free
Encyclopedia, 27 Sep. 2016. Web. 25 Jan. 2017