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2.  Barrier:
Barriers mean all those hurdles which stop or interrupt
the process of communication. Barrier sometimes
become so strong that they can even make the whole
process just a failure.

3. Types of Barriers
 Physical Barriers
 Psychological Barriers

4. Physical Barriers:
Physical barrier is a problem in the way of transmitting
a message from its source to destination. You sent a
letter to your friend but he didn’t get it, this is a
physical barrier; there is a speech of President on TV
but you can’t listen it properly due to some problem in
the transmission(channel noise), also a physical hurdle.
If a student closes a door with noise during lecture then
it would also be a physical hurdle.

5.  Psychological Barrier:
These are the barriers which are directly related to
some internal problem of the destination or the
receiver. The receiver receives the message clearly but
due to some reasons fails to understand & react
properly.

6. Different Psychological Barriers
 Semantic Noise
 Field of Experience
 Cognitive Dissonance
 Frame of Reference
 Poor Understanding
 Expression
 Change in Custom & Tradition

7.  Semantic Noise
This kind of hurdle is the result of using very difficult,
jaw breaking & tongue twisting words by the
communicator/sender, which are out side the frame of
reference of the receiver.

8.  Field of Experience:
This barrier occurs when the field of experience is not
common to both sender
& receiver. For example, if the scientist wants to
communicate the Newton law to the uneducated
people, definitely, there won’t be any communication.
But if the message is delivered to the science students,
the message will be an effective one.

9. Cognitive Dissonance:
Cognition means process of thinking & dissonance
means conflict. So Cognitive Dissonance means
conflict in thinking. It occurs usually when the receiver
accepts the message but due to some reason fails to
react according to the desired response of the receiver.
i.e. the sender tells a chain smoker that smoking is
dangerous for health, receiver accepts the message as a
truth but due to his habit, fails to react accordingly.

10.  Frame of reference:
Every sender & receiver have their own sense of
perceiving the things according to their owl level of
understanding. If sender & receiver do not share the
some what same frame of reference then
communication process might become a failure.

11.  Poor understanding:
If the receiver is poor in understanding the intended
message then it would also be a psychological hurdle.

12.  Expressions:
If the facial expressions, body language & attitude of
the sender do not match with the tone of the message
then it would also become a psychological hurdle for
the receiver.

13.  Change in custom & tradition:
If the communicator wants to talk about some change
in the custom & tradition, definitely his communication
will be a failure.