Urbanization in pakistan

1. Urbanization in
Pakistan

2. Urbanization
A process of population concentration in an area having better
facilities of life.
• It proceeds in two ways: the multiplication of points of
concentration and the increase in the size of individual
concentrations

3. Pakistan and Other SouthAsian Countries
22
26
7
28
28
12
33
23
78
74
93
72
72
88
66
77
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldev
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Urban Poplation
Rural Population

4. Levels of Urbanization

5. Urbanization level in Pakistan: 1965-2010
6
25
32 3318
39
38 38
76
36 32 31
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1965 1994 2010 2012
Rural Population
Peri-Urban Population
Urban Population

6. Percentage of Urban population at Provinces level: Census of 1998
49.5
31
23 17
65.7
2.7
50.5
69
77 83
34.3
97.3
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Rural Population
Urban Population

7. Some major Urban Centers ,1998, Pakistan
Peshawar: 33 percent of the
urban provincial population.
Quetta :The share of Quetta in
the total urban Baluchistan
population was 37 percent.

8. Approximately three-quarters
of the total urban population
of Sindh are concentrated in
just three urban centers:
Karachi, Hyderabad and
Sukkur. More than half of the total urban
population of Pakistan lived in 2005 in
eight urban places : Karachi, Lahore,
Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Multan,
Hyderabad, Gujranwala and Peshawar.

9. Urban Population,1998,Pakistan
93%
94%
95%
96%
97%
98%
99%
100%
Religion
95.51
2.82
1.22
0.34 Qadiani
Hindu
Christian
s
Muslims
Percentage of urban population on
the basis of language
Urdu 20.22 %
Punjabi 47.56 %
Sindhi 9.20 %
Pushto 9.94 %
Balochi 2.69 %
Siraiki 5.46 %
Others 4.93 %

10. PercentageUrban Population(15Years &Above) by Age
Group, MaritalStatus 1998, Pakistan
Age groups Married Widowed Divorced Never
married
1 15-19 7.9 0.3 0.1 91.8
2 20-24 34.2 0.4 0.2 65.3
3 25-29 64.3 0.7 0.3 34.7
4 30-34 83.3 1.3 0.4 15
5 35-39 90 2.2 0.5 7.3
6 40-44 90.7 4 0.5 4.9
7 45-49 89.4 6.7 0.4 3.5
8 50-54 84.2 11.6 0.4 3.8
9 55-59 80.3 16.1 0.4 3.2
10 60-64 71 23.9 0.4 4.6
11 65-69 66.3 29.3 0.4 4
12 70-74 55.9 37.3 0.4 6.4
13 75 or above 44.8 45.7 0.5 9

11. Major Causes of Urbanization
1. Natural increase in population
High Birth rate ,
2. Migration toward urban centers
• Livelihoods and better basic services.
• To escape from war
• Insecurity
• Natural disasters

12. Merits of Urbanization

13. Merits
Economic opportunities
Educational opportunities
Modernization
Freedom of speech

14. Economic Opportunities
Urbanization come up with a number of economic
opportunities. Urban centers motivated the mass movement
of people away from the countryside in search of livelihoods
and jobs. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which
generate 85% of the country’s non-agricultural jobs, are
urban based in Pakistan.

15. Educational opportunities
Urbanization brings a lot of educational
opportunities. Lahore is the crown jewels of
Pakistan’s educational system. It has a number of
urban institution like University of the Punjab
Lahore, Government College University Lahore,
King Edward Medical University etc.

16. Modernization
Pakistani urban centers enjoy
considerable interconnectivity.
There are hubs of innovation,
technology and communication
in urban centers, in Pakistan.

17. Freedom of Speech
Most of the progressive
minded individuals are urban
based in Pakistan. According
to some analyst, Pakistan’s
urban middle class is deeply
nationalistic and pious and
ready to take part in national
development programs.

18. Demerits
• Unemployment
• Threats to agriculture
• Insufficient provision of services
• Traffic congestion and noise pollution
• Housing deficit
Welfare issues
• Water contamination
• Waste management & sanitation
• Industrial pollution
• Spread of Diseases
Environmental issues

19. Threats to agricultureUrbanization increases the
number of unemployed educated
youth considerably. In urban
centers, more often than not,
youth are educated. However,
gainful employment, even for the
educated youth remains elusive.
Added to this, there is lack of
entrepreneurship which
results in an army of
unemployed educated youth,
who can readily be drafted by
gangs, mafia and other
degenerated groups.

20. Threats to agricultural sector
“Pakistan is an agricultural country and 70% of its
population is directly or indirectly dependent on
agriculture. Expanding urban centers in Pakistan seems
to be undergoing vertical or horizontal growth, eating
into the rural areas or agricultural land that lies in their
hinterland. Many agricultural lands are converted into
residential area. This is also a reason for low production
which decreases our net national exports. According to
one estimate, over 60,000 acres of agricultural land
have been eaten up by urban sprawl.

21. Insufficient provision of services
• Unplanned urbanization brings inequality issues, which exist almost
in all urban centres in Pakistan. Inequality means extreme
differences in between poverty and wealth, as well as in people's
well-being and access to things like jobs, housing, and education
etc. Inequalities may occur in:
• Housing provision
• Access to services like schooling, health care facilities etc.
• Safety and security issues.
Most of the people who live in Poorly developed urban centers
experiencing a poor quality of life because of increasing rate of poverty
and inflation.

22. Traffic congestion and Noise
pollution
• Urbanization brings technology and innovation. Urban centers
are quipped with complex road networks. These roads then
link up with smaller, older, narrower roads in urban centers in
Pakistan. This causes a severe traffic congestion and
insufficient traffic management leads to the number of traffic
accidents. For example, Lahore; a sprawling metropolis of
seven million, has fewer than 100 traffic lights, which are
insufficient measure of traffic management .
• Traffic congestion and noise pollution are major
environmental impacts urbanization. Noise pollution from
large factory engines and motor vehicle idling, unreasonably
high radio waves in air.

23. Housing deficit
Today, Pakistani urban centers suffers serious
housing deficit. nearly, 50% of urban
Pakistanis living in slums. Pakistan also has
one of the highest single room
accommodation average in the world with
38.11 percent followed by two rooms housing
units at 30.54 percent. In Pakistan, a number
of houses in urban centers, left unrented, as
their landowners settled in abroad and refuse
to rent their properties. Only about 5% of
housing in Pakistani Urban centers, is rented.

24. Water Contamination
• Pakistani urban centers have poor water management
facilities. About 40% water is wasted through water leakages
in pipes. Less than 1% waste water is treated in Pakistan.
Sewage is collected through open drains, and discharge into
rivers, streams, lakes and canals without treatment.
• Some economist argue that the urban centers lacks the ability
to be an urban service provider in Pakistan. In Karachi, about
30 thousands individuals killed due to unavailability of clean
drinking water per year.

25. Solid waste generation
• Poorly developed urban centers in Pakistan, experiencing poor
sanitary conditions. In urban centers, in Pakistan; less than
50% of solid waste is collected by government while the rest is
left to root on the streets.
• There are heaps of garbage, in poorly developed urban
centers in Pakistan increases the disease prevalence rate.

26. Industrial Pollution
• In urban centers, open burning of waste causes air pollution
problems. In addition to this, untreated air from industrial
sector directly release into the air, causes respiratory illness in
urban settlers. Factories emit untreated effluents into
freshwater bodies causes water pollution problem.

27. Spread of Diseases
Urban centers make it easier for the diseases
to be transmitted in the poorly developed
urban centers in Pakistan.
Unhealthy environments & overcrowded
housing exposes the ‘urban poor’ to high rates
of infectious diseases e.g. pneumonia, T.B,
diarrhea, Cholera.

29. Solutions to the urban
problems
• The most effective way to tackle urbanization is to make the
economy of rural areas fully viable.
• Rural economies can be strengthen if the government
undertakes a massive rural development program.
• Surplus rural manpower should be absorbed in the village
themselves so as to reduce rural to urban migration

30. • The most effective way to tackle traffic congestion in urban
centers in Pakistan is to encourage people to use public
transport whish is positive and environmental friendly
attitude.
• Government should provide funds to promote
entrepreneurship so that part of the surplus un employed will
be employed

31. Government of Pakistan should formulate
devolution plan for the effective and efficient
provision of services within urban centers.
Government should formulate a Citizen
Community Boards (CCBs) to engage the urban
community in the decision making process.
Government of Pakistan should move toward
sustainable urbanization.

32. • Government of Pakistan should move toward
sustainable urbanization.
A sustainable Urbanization is a process in which an
urban center grown in a way, which offers a good
quality of life to current residents but doesn’t reduce
the opportunities for future residents to enjoy.
• These changes, accompanied with much-needed
municipal financial reforms, are likely to bring
positive change in urban Pakistan.