Changing food consumption patterns/dietary energy balance - Presentation by Yves Martin Prevel and Agnes Cartner, Nutripass. This presentation was given as part of the 'Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems Workshop co-organized by Bioversity International and CIHEAM-IAMM, November 4th -5th 2014, Agropolis International, Montpellier Visit 'Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems' Workshop webpage. http://www.bioversityinternational.org/metrics-sustainable-diets-workshop/

1. Changing food consumption patterns/Dietary energy balance
Illustrative indicator: Prevalence of overweight and obesity
Yves Martin-Prével & Agnès Gartner
UMR 204 ‘Nutripass’
Metrics of Sustainable Diets and
Food Systems – Expert Workshop

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Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
Outline
• Why do we care about overweight/obesity?
• How do we assess overweight/obesity?
• Where do we find data on overweight/obesity?

3. Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
Why do we care about overweight/obesity?

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Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
Because overweight/obesity:
• Is globally the 1st risk factor associated to mortality
• Accounts for (among others):
• 44% of the global burden of diabetes
• 23% of the global burden of ischemic heart diseases
• 7-41% of the global burden of some cancers
(++ colorectal cancer)
• Has been growing very rapidly over the past 30
years, firstly in developed countries, then in middle-
income countries, now in low-income countries

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Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
Overweight/obesity:
- at the centre of chronic diseases models
- but not related to the food system only
Dietary energy balance

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Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
Total adults: 1,000,000,000 overweight
+ 500,000,000 obese
(+ 43,000,000 overweight children <5y)

7. Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
How do we assess overweight/obesity?

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Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
Body Mass Index (BMI):
BMI (kg/m²) =
weight (kg) / height (m) ²
The same index
defines both under-
and over- weight
The same thresholds
apply for all adults
(≥20y)

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Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
Body Mass Index (BMI):
BMI is a crude measure of corpulence
meant to represent a condition of excess fat
BMI (kg/m²) =
weight (kg) / height (m) ²
Age
Gender
Body shape
Ethnic
group
Physical activity
Body
composition

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Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
BMI cut-off points
Asian
populations

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Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
BMI has a poor individual predictive value
Same BMI different adiposity levels different health risks
Because of:
-Different ethnic groups
-Different body shapes
-Different physical activity levels
-Different places for excess fat in the body

12. Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
Where do we find data on overweight/obesity?

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Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
Data sources
• Population-level surveillance
• Repeated cross-sectional surveys
• Some middle- and high-income countries
• Demographic and Health Surveys (and others)
• Preschool age children + mothers
• All women of reproductive age (and sometimes men)
• Middle- and low-income countries
• Self-reported data

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Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
WHO Global data base

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Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
Data trends and analysis
• Mainly model-based estimates
• Some differences between data published by WHO
and by IHME (Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation)

16. Metrics of Sustainable Diets and Food Systems – Expert Workshop November 4-5, 2014
Thank you for your attention