Wi-Fi is the new 4G
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Brough’s keynote address at the October 2010 4G Wireless Evolution Conference. In it, he argues: 1. All key 4G technologies are pioneered by Wi-Fi (3-5 year lead!). 2. Wi-Fi will be the dominant solution for mobile data offload. 3. 4G technologies represent a wireless tipping point with the result they will revolutionize backhaul and eventually the first mile (via wireless ISPs). He closes with two slides on his new wireless ISP, netBlazr.
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Wi-Fi is the new 4G
- 1. Wi-‐Fi: the Real 4G! Brough Turner netBlazr brough@netblazr.com
- 2. Wi-‐Fi Mobile • Local, products • Ubiquitous service • Data centric • Voice centric • Sta@onary or • Mobile at auto pedestrian speeds speeds 2
- 3. Wi-‐Fi Mobile • Local, products • Ubiquitous service • Data centric • Voice centric • Sta@onary or • Mobile at auto pedestrian speeds speeds • Many vendors, many • 4-‐6 vendors, market segments, ~300 customers, billions of customers 1 applica@on 3
- 4. Wi-‐Fi • Technology leadership • Off-‐load solu@on • Backhaul & fixed wireless 4 October 2010 4
- 5. Spectrum history • 1920s: Primi@ve radio receivers – Needed to restrict who transmits 5
- 6. Spectrum history • 1920s: Primi@ve radio receivers – Needed to restrict who transmits • 1927-‐ 1934: Origin of FCC, spectrum licensing – Ensuing decades -‐ almost all spectrum assigned – Three bands reserved for “junk” uses 6
- 7. Spectrum history • 1920s: Primi@ve radio receivers – Needed to restrict who transmits • 1927-‐ 1934: Origin of FCC, spectrum licensing – Ensuing decades -‐ almost all spectrum assigned – Three bands reserved for “junk” uses • 1985: FCC authorizes spread spectrum communica@ons in the ISM, or “junk” bands, i.e. – 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz 7
- 8. Spectrum history • 1920s: Primi@ve radio receivers – Needed to restrict who transmits • 1927-‐ 1934: Origin of FCC, spectrum licensing – Ensuing decades -‐ almost all spectrum assigned – Three bands reserved for “junk” uses • 1985: FCC authorizes spread spectrum communica@ons in the ISM, or “junk” bands, i.e. – 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 5.8 GHz 8
- 9. Wi-‐Fi History 1985 FCC permits communica@ons in “junk bands” at 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz IEEE bodies iterate; eventually publish first 802.11 spec 1988 -‐ 1997 Three alternate solu@ons for 1 Mbps opera@on with a 2 Mbps op@on 1999 802.11a – 54 Mbps at 5.8 GHz using OFDM modula@on 1999 802.11b – 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using DSSS modula@on Wireless Ethernet Compa@bility Alliance (WECA) formed 1999 – Focuses on interoperability and a cer@fica@on program 2001 802.11d – extends the spec for other regulatory domains (EU, Japan, etc.) 2003 802.11g – 54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using OFDM modula@on 2003 WECA adopts new name: Wi-‐Fi Alliance 9
- 10. Wi-‐Fi History 1985 FCC permits communica@ons in “junk bands” at 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz & 5.8 GHz IEEE bodies iterate; eventually publish first 802.11 spec 1988 -‐ 1997 Three alternate solu@ons for 1 Mbps opera@on with a 2 Mbps op@on 1999 802.11a – 54 Mbps at 5.8 GHz using OFDM modula@on 1999 802.11b – 11 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using DSSS modula@on Wireless Ethernet Compa@bility Alliance (WECA) formed 1999 – Focuses on interoperability and a cer@fica@on program 2001 802.11d – extends the spec for other regulatory domains (EU, Japan, etc.) 2003 802.11g – 54 Mbps at 2.4 GHz using OFDM modula@on 2003 WECA adopts new name: Wi-‐Fi Alliance 10
- 11. Addi@onal highlights • 1997: FCC authorizes Unlicensed Na@onal Informa@on Infrastructure (U-‐NII) adding 200 MHz in 5 GHz band • 2003: FCC adds 255 MHz more @ 5 GHZ; total now 555 MHz • 2003-‐2009: Task Group n works to drama@cally improve Wi-‐Fi performance, in part via MIMO and Beam forming • 2007: 802.11n drak 2 products cer@fied by the Wi-‐Fi Alliance; Products shipping! • 2009: 802.11n spec approved 11
- 12. Addi@onal highlights • 1997: FCC authorizes Unlicensed Na@onal Informa@on Infrastructure (U-‐NII) adding 200 MHz in 5 GHz band • 2003: FCC adds 255 MHz more @ 5 GHZ; total now 555 MHz • 2003-‐2009: Task Group n works to drama@cally improve Wi-‐Fi performance, in part via MIMO and Beam forming • 2007: 802.11n drak 2 products cer@fied by the Wi-‐Fi Alliance; Products shipping! • 2009: 802.11n spec approved 12
- 13. Addi@onal highlights • 1997: FCC authorizes Unlicensed Na@onal Informa@on Infrastructure (U-‐NII) adding 200 MHz in 5 GHz band • 2003: FCC adds 255 MHz more @ 5 GHZ; total now 555 MHz • 2003-‐2009: Task Group n works to drama@cally improve Wi-‐Fi performance, in part via MIMO and Beam forming • 2007: 802.11n drak 2 products cer@fied by the Wi-‐Fi Alliance; Products shipping! • 2009: 802.11n spec approved 13
- 14. 4 October 2010 14
- 15. Wi-‐Fi Mobile • Local, products • Ubiquitous service • Data centric • Voice centric • Sta@onary or • Mobile at auto pedestrian speeds speeds • Many vendors, many • 4-‐6 vendors, market segments, ~300 customers, billions of customers 1 applica@on 15
- 16. ITU’s Vision for 3G (late 90s) Global Satellite Suburban Urban In-‐Building Picocell Microcell Macrocell Basic Terminal PDA Terminal Audio/Visual Terminal 16
- 17. “3G” Services • Video telephony • Loca@on-‐based services • Push-‐to-‐Talk (VoIP w/o QoS) • Rich presence (instant messaging) • Fixed-‐mobile convergence (FMC) • IP Mul@media Services (w/ QoS) – Video sharing (conversa@onal video on IP) • Converged “All IP” networks – the Vision 17
- 18. “3G” Services • Video telephony Limited adop+on • Loca@on-‐based services Bypassed ! • Push-‐to-‐Talk (VoIP w/o QoS) Limited adop+on • Rich presence (instant messaging) No trac+on • Fixed-‐mobile convergence (FMC) Limited adop+on • IP Mul@media Services (w/ QoS) Limited adop+on – Video sharing (conversa@onal video on IP) • Converged “All IP” networks – the Vision Too late … 18
- 19. The Internet is the killer plaqorm • Mobile Internet access drives 3G data usage • Walled garden – too late ! 19
- 20. iPhone traffic 20
- 21. US data traffic 21
- 22. US data traffic = 3.3x per year… 22
- 23. Global mobile data traffic • Nearly tripled between 2Q2009 and 2Q2010 TB/month 250000 200000 150000 TB/month 100000 50000 0 2Q2009 2Q2010 Source: Ericsson, Aug 2010 4 October 2010 23
- 24. US 3G performance • Novarum Inc. (1/2010) – Measurements in 36 ci@es (Anaheim, …, Boston, …, Philly, …, Raleigh, …, Tempe) – 12-‐2009: 1.5 Mbps down • Doubles: ~24 months 24
- 25. Increasing capacity 5 Wi-‐Fi 4 2 Femtocell Internet 1 Operator Services 3 1. Add Cellsites ($$$$) 2. Newer radios ($$$) 4. Femtocells ($$) 3. More backhaul ($$$$) 5. Wi-‐Fi ($) 25
- 26. Femtocells: too livle, too late • Primary users of 3G/4G data also have Wi-‐Fi – Laptops, smart phones • Corporate IT prefers Wi-‐Fi they control • Consumers deploying Wi-‐Fi anyway – For PCs, for gaming, for home media – Pay extra to help carrier improve their network? • Femtocell’s do have value for voice coverage! 26
- 27. Public Wi-‐Fi • Retail business giveaway – Coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, retail – Harvard Sq. Business Associa@on 27
- 28. Public Wi-‐Fi • Retail business giveaway – Coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, retail – Harvard Sq. Business Associa@on • Sponsorship – loca@ons, events By kumasawa 28
- 29. Public Wi-‐Fi • Retail business giveaway – Coffee shops, restaurants, hotels, retail – Harvard Sq. Business Associa@on • Sponsorship – loca@ons, events By kumasawa • Carrier supported – e.g. Cablevision’s Op@mum Wi-‐Fi 29
- 30. Ad supported Wi-‐Fi • Didn’t work in 2005; working now… – Costs way down; usage and interest up • Freerunr in UK (& NL, RS, ZA) – Splash screens, limited free periods, … • JiWire in US – Ad plaqorm for free Wi-‐Fi – Used by MS Bing na@onwide Wi-‐Fi offer • Sputnik in US – Ad supported model growing 30
- 31. Muni Wi-‐Fi, take 2 • Wireless broadband access networks – Dozens of US ci@es now succeeding • Ci@es bring real estate, look to save current $ – Communica@ons for police & other city services • Strong pressure for “free” in some form 31
- 32. Wi-‐Fi will dominate off load • LTE network for coverage, but most data bytes via Wi-‐Fi • Operator take away: Sell ubiquitous service any place, any +me while integra@ng seamless Wi-‐Fi data offload 4 October 2010 32
- 33. Backhaul / Fixed wireless • Middle mile – Cell sites – Fixed wireless hubs • First mile − Homes and businesses 4 October 2010 33
- 34. $220 per Mbps US Today $7 per Mbps
- 35. How could wireless possibly help? • Limited capacity – . • Licensed spectrum expensive – Only par@ally true • Unlicensed unreliable… – Not any more! • Wi-‐Fi doesn’t go far – 20-‐50 km! for < $500! 4 October 2010 35
- 36. How could wireless possibly help? • Limited capacity – 100 Mbps, 300 Mbps, 1 Gbps, … • Licensed spectrum expensive – Only par@ally true • Unlicensed unreliable… – Not any more! • Wi-‐Fi doesn’t go far – 20-‐50 km! for < $500! 4 October 2010 36
- 37. How could wireless possibly help? • Limited capacity – 100 Mbps, 300 Mbps, 1 Gbps, … • Licensed spectrum expensive – Only par@ally true • Unlicensed unreliable… – Not any more! • Wi-‐Fi doesn’t go far – 20-‐50 km! for < $500! 4 October 2010 37
- 38. How could wireless possibly help? • Limited capacity – 100 Mbps, 300 Mbps, 1 Gbps, … • Licensed spectrum expensive – Only par@ally true • Unlicensed unreliable… – Not any more! • Wi-‐Fi doesn’t go far – 20-‐50 km! for < $500! 4 October 2010 38
- 39. How could wireless possibly help? • Limited capacity – 100 Mbps, 300 Mbps, 1 Gbps, … • Licensed spectrum expensive – Only par@ally true • Unlicensed unreliable… – Not any more! • Wi-‐Fi doesn’t go far – 20-‐50 km! for < $500! 4 October 2010 39
- 40. Wireless @pping point • MIMO makes 5 GHz more useful than cellular or TV spectrum • Direc@onal antennas or beam forming → Spa@al reuse → incredible density increments 40
- 41. Wireless @pping point • MIMO makes 5 GHz more useful than cellular or TV spectrum • Direc@onal antennas or beam forming → Spa@al reuse → incredible density increments • Wi-‐Fi leads the way – Moore’s law with exis@ng 802.11n spec. – New specs, e.g. 802.11ac, ~ Dec 2012 41
- 42. Beamforming • Select among mul@ple predefined antenna elements – Widely used (2G, 3G, Wi-‐Fi – Vivato, Ruckus Wireless) 42
- 43. Beamforming • Select among mul@ple predefined antenna elements – Widely used (2G, 3G, Wi-‐Fi – Vivato, Ruckus Wireless) • Adap@ve antenna arrays – Compute phase/amplitude for each antenna element – Adapts for desired signal while also reducing interference 8 antenna elements spread over 3.5 λs, i.e. ~18 cm, or < 7.5” at 5.8 GHz 43
- 44. Beamforming • Select among mul@ple predefined antenna elements – Widely used (2G, 3G, Wi-‐Fi – Vivato, Ruckus Wireless) • Adap@ve antenna arrays – Compute phase/amplitude for each antenna element – Adapts for desired signal while also reducing interference 8 antenna elements spread over 3.5 λs, i.e. ~18 cm, or < 7.5” at 5.8 GHz 44
- 45. Beamforming • Select among mul@ple predefined antenna elements – Widely used (2G, 3G, Wi-‐Fi – Vivato, Ruckus Wireless) • Adap@ve antenna arrays – Compute phase/amplitude for each antenna element – Adapts for desired signal while also reducing interference 8 antenna elements spread over 3.5 λs, i.e. ~18 cm, or < 7.5” at 5.8 GHz 45
- 46. Beamforming • Select among mul@ple predefined antenna elements – Widely used (2G, 3G, Wi-‐Fi – Vivato, Ruckus Wireless) • Adap@ve antenna arrays – Compute phase/amplitude for each antenna element – Adapts for desired signal while also reducing interference 8 antenna elements spread over 3.5 λs, i.e. ~18 cm, or < 7.5” at 5.8 GHz 46
- 47. Commercial beamforming Wi-‐Fi beams, before silicon support … • Vivato (’02-‐’06) – Technical success, but expensive – Connect with 11g clients up to 2 km – Vivato-‐to-‐Vivato up to 18 km 47
- 48. Commercial beamforming Wi-‐Fi beams, before silicon support … • Vivato (’02-‐’06) – Technical success, but expensive – Connect with 11g clients up to 2 km – Vivato-‐to-‐Vivato up to 18 km • Ruckus Wireless (today) – 12 elements – selec@vely switched to two channels on 2x2 silicon – Drama@cally outperforms conven@onal 2x2 systems 48
- 49. • 11n wireless networking solu@ons in silicon • Founded 2006; customers include Netgear • 4x4 MIMO with beamforming 49
- 50. Beamforming ~2014: >300 Mbps Wi-‐Fi to ~1 Km at mass market prices … 4x4 MIMO with 8 antenna elements 50
- 51. Beamforming ~2014: >300 Mbps Wi-‐Fi to ~1 Km at mass market prices … 4x4 MIMO with 8 antenna elements 51
- 52. Beamforming ~2014: >300 Mbps Wi-‐Fi to ~1 Km at mass market prices … 4x4 MIMO with 8 antenna elements 52
- 53. TVWS – Beach-‐front spectrum? • Ideal antenna element separa@on >= ½ wavelength – 2.1 meters at 70 MHz – 21 cm at 700 MHz • But only – 2.5 cm for 5.8 GHz Wi-‐Fi Ruckus Wireless Wavion Networks D-‐Link DAP-‐2553 53
- 54. ILEC price umbrella • >20x markup fosters wireless bypass – Typical WISPs opera@ng 20%-‐50% under monopolist’s price umbrella 54
- 55. Wireless ISPs • > 2000 WISPs, in fast growing segment – Most use license-‐ exempt spectrum – Mix of pre-‐WiMAX, WiMAX and, increasingly, Wi-‐Fi gear 55
- 56. Wi-‐Fi for wireless broadband • WISPs already use license-‐exempt spectrum • Rapidly migra@ng to 11n technology – Performance advantage is significant • Drama@cally lower cost – 5x or more vs WiMAX or LTE systems – Increasing reliability, similar performance 56
- 57. Ubiqui@ targets Wireless ISPs 57
- 58. Ubiqui@ targets Wireless ISPs Point-‐to-‐point $130-‐$600 58
- 59. Ubiqui@ targets Wireless ISPs Point-‐to-‐point Point-‐to-‐mul@point $130-‐$600 ~$240 & $68 59
- 60. Example Wi-‐Fi Pt-‐2-‐Pt Link UbiquiR BULLET-‐M5-‐HP With 28dbi Grid Antenna 802.11n Purchased through distribu@on: 60
- 61. Community WISP, Inc. 61
- 62. • Wireless broadband Internet access for Brevard County FL • Served from 4 loca@ons • 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz, i.e. all license-‐exempt spectrum • 30/10 Mbps in many areas • Expanding into Volusia and Seminole coun@es 62
- 63. Radically different ISP • Focused radio links – 100 Mbps; 50-‐200 meters per hop • Freemium Model – Customers build our network – Premium services drive revenue
- 64. Summary • 4G Wireless @pping point • Wi-‐Fi deploying key “4G” technologies, first ! • Wi-‐Fi will dominate 3G/4G data offload • Wi-‐Fi fostering resurgence in independent ISPs 64
- 65. Summary • 4G Wireless @pping point • Wi-‐Fi deploying key “4G” technologies, first ! • Wi-‐Fi will dominate 3G/4G data offload • Wi-‐Fi fostering resurgence in independent ISPs opportunity: An end run around the duopoly, the FCC and Congress 65
- 66. Thank You Brough Turner brough@netblazr.com
- 67. Credits, References • Image credits, beyond those noted in-‐line… – Office building facade: hvp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Beek100 – Laptop icon: hvp://www.flickr.com/photos/ichibod/ – Microwave oven: hvp://www.flickr.com/photos/code_mar@al/ • Other useful references – Novarum Inc. measurements: hvp://www.novarum.com/publica@ons.php – NIST Electromagne@c Signal Avenua@on in Construc@on Materials hvp://fire.nist.gov/bfrlpubs/build97/PDF/b97123.pdf 67
- 68. 802.11n in-‐the-‐field • Ken Biba: – The King is Dead, Long Live the King: 802.11n drama@cally improves Wi-‐Fi outdoors – Real world measurements show muni Wi-‐Fi networks outperform WiMAX and cellular • Tom’s Hardware – Reviews Ruckus Wireless 11n access point with beamforming, hvp://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/beamforming-‐wifi-‐ ruckus,2390.html • Net, net – it really works! 68