Presented by Nguyễn Hoàng Tiệp on 9 November 2020 at "National workshop: Mangrove environmental services payments"

1. BIODIVERSITY AND CARBON STOCK OF MANGROVE
ALONG PORTS IN HAI PHONG PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Nguyen Hoang Tiep
Vietnamese Academy of Forest Sciences

2. Rational
• Understanding biodiversity
and carbon stock of
mangrove along ports in Hai
Phong
• Examining the interaction
between mangrove
ecosystem and port
• Potential PFES for mangrove
ecosystem

3. Plots for measurement of mangrove close to industry
port along Da Bach river, Thuy Nguyen district
Site
selection

4. Plots for measurement of mangrove close to industry port along Cam
River and plots close to Lap Le fish port along Ruot Lon River
Site
selection

5. No
Name
of plot
Plot size
(m2)
Location River Port Note
1 Plot 1 500 Pha Le
commune, Thuy
Nguyen District
Da
Bac
River
Nam trieu shipyard
port; Chinfon port
Control plot
2 Plot 15 500
Control plot
3 Plot 16
500
4 Plot 2 500
Gia Duc
commune, Thuy
Nguyen District
Gia Duc Port (for
mineral)
5 Plot 3 500
6 Plot 4 500
7 Plot 25
500 Gia Duc Port, Dien
Cong Port
Control plot
8 Plot 26
500 Chinfon port; Gia
Duc port
9 Plot 5 500 Minh Duc
commune, Thuy
Nguyen District
Chinfon Crement
Port 1 and Port 2
10 Plot 6 500
11 Plot 7 500
12 Plot 8 500
13 Plot 22
500 HP power port, Pha
Rung shipyar port,
14 Plot 23
500 PH power port;
Chinfon Port 2
15 Plot 24
500 Tam Hung
commune, Thuy
Nguyen District
HP power port;
Chinfon Port
16 Plot 17 500 Vu Yen Island
Cam
River
Opposite to bunch of
port: Navy port 128,
189 port,…
17 Plot 18
500 Vu Yen Island,
close to golf
yard
18 Plot 20
500 Duong Quan
commune, Thuy
Nguyen District
(close to Hoang
Van Thu bridge)
19 Plot 21
500 Dong Hai
commune, Hai
An District

6. Plots for measurement of mangrove close to fish port close
to Quan Chanh and Ngoc Hai fish port
Site
selection

7. No
Name of
plot
Plot size
(m2
)
Location
Beach/
River
Port Note
20 Plot 9 500
Lap Le commune Thuy
Nguyen District
Ruot Lon
River
Mat
Rong fish
port
21 Plot 10 500
Plot 13 500
Plot 14 500
22 Plot 11 500 Thuy Trieu commune Thuy
Nguyen District23 Plot 12 500
26 Plot 19 500
An Lu commune Thuy
Nguyen District
Control
plot
27 Plot 27 500
Ngoc Hai commune, Do Son
district
Do Son
coast
Ngoc Hai
fish port
28 Plot 28 100
29
Plot 29 100
30 Plot 30 10
31 Plot 31 100
32 Plot 32 500
33 Plot 33 200
34 Plot 34 10
35 Plot 35 10
36 Plot 36 500
Dai Hop commune, Kien
Thuy district Kien Thuy
coast
Quan
Chanh
fish port
37 Plot 37 500
38 Plot 38 500
39 Plot 39 10
40 Plot 40 500
Bang La commune, Do Son
district
Control
plot

8. Forest inventory
• Tree measurement: plot (20x25m):
Name, DBH, Height, health
• Understory vegetation: 5 sub-plot
(3mx3m) name, diameter of canopy,
tree height, root collar diameter and
DBH; plant health;
• Lianas: Name of species and count
number of lianas.
• Grass: name of species, height, cover
of grass and number of bunches.
• Dead wood and downed wood
biomass collection: 1 sub-plot
(5x25m)

9. Plot desiged

10. Data analysis
Biodiversity
Shannon-Wiener Index (H’):
H’=
)](ln)[(
1
N
n
x
N
n i
i
m
i


Simpson index
Sorensen’s Index (SI)
SI =
2 𝐶
𝐴+𝐵

11. Data analysis
Species Allometric equation R2
Source Data origin Note
Avicennia
marina
(mắm)
AGB =
0.1848xDBH2.3524
0.98 Dharmawan and
Siregar 2008
Indonesia
BGB =
0.1682xDBH1.7939 0.86
Dharmawan and
Siregar 2008
Indonesia
Sonneratia
caseolaris
(Bần)
AGB = 0.251 x
ρx(DBH)2.46 0.98
Komiyama et. al
2005
Asia ρ = 0.340
applied for S.
caseolarisBGB =
0.199xρ0.899
xD2.22 0.95
Komiyama et. al
2008
Kandelia
abovata
(Trang)
AGB = 0.251 x
ρx(DBH)2.46 0.975
Komiyama et. al
2005
Asia
ρ = 0.523 is an
average
density from 4
species in
Kandelia
family
BGB =
0.199xρ0.899
xD2.22
Komiyama et. al
2008
Species Allometric equation R2
Source Data origin Note
Aegiceras
corniculatum
(sú)
AGB=3.1253(CD2
*H)0.9063
0.99
Weiguo and
Yanyou 2011
Quanzhou Bay
Estuarine
Wetland -
China
CD is refers to
canopy diametter
BGB = 0.38xAGB
Bindu et. al
2020
Kannur
District, India
The overall ratio
of BGB to AGB
is 0.38

12. Mangrove management in Hai Phong
No District Mangrove areas (ha)
1 Tien Lang 809.3
2 Cat Hai 496.3
3 Kien Thuy 315
4 Thuy Nguyen 245.1
5 Cat Ba National park 223.4
6 Do Son 178.2
7 Duong Kinh 119.1
8 Hai An 14.5
Total 2400.9

13. Biodiversity (brackish water)
No Scientific name Vietnamese name Plant life form Frequency
True mangrove species
Family: Lythraceae Họ bằng lăng
1 Sonneratia caseolaris Bần chua Tree Dominant
Family:Myrsinaceae Đơn nem
2 Aegiceras corniculatum Sú shrub Dominant
Family:Rhizophoraceae Đước
3 Kandelia abovata Trang Shrub to small tree Not common
Family: Rhizophoraceae Đước
4 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Vẹt dù Shrub to small tree Not common
Family: Acanthaceae Họ ô rô
5 Acanthus ilicifolius Ô rô Herb Dominant understorey
Family: Dennstaedtiaceae Dương xỉ
6 Acrostichum aureum L. Ráng biển Herb Not common
Species adaptive to live in brackish water mangrove ecosystem
Family: Fabaceae Họ đậu
7 Derris trifoliata Cóc kèn 3 lá Lianas Not common to common
Family: Asclepiadaceae Thiên lý
8 Sarcolobus globosus Dây cám Lianas Not common to common
Family: Amaryllidaceae Họ loa kèn
9 Crinum asiaticum L Náng biển Herb Not common
Family: Annonaceae Họ na
10 Annona glabra L. Na Biển shrub Not common

14. Biodiversity (salt water)
No Scientific name Vietnamese name Plant life
form
Frequency
True mangrove species
Family: Lythraceae Họ bằng lăng
1 Sonneratia caseolaris Bần chua Tree Dominant
Family:Myrsinaceae Đơn nem
2 Aegiceras corniculatum Sú shrub Dominant
Family:Rhizophoraceae Đước
3 Kandelia abovata Trang Shrub to small tree Not common
Family: Rhizophoraceae Đước
4 Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Vẹt dù Shrub to small tree Not common
Family: Avicenniaceae Họ mắm
5 Avicennia marina Mắm Shrub Common
Rhizophoraceae Đước
6 Rhizophora stylosa Griff Đước vòi Shrub Not common
Family: Acanthaceae Họ ô rô
7 Acanthus ilicifolius Ô rô Herb Dominant understorey
Species adaptive to live in salt water mangrove ecosystem
Fabaceae Họ đậu
8 Derris trifoliata Cóc kèn 3 lá Lianas Not common to common
Asclepiadaceae Thiên lý
9 Sarcolobus globosus Dây cám Lianas Not common to common

15. Species structure
Areas Tree
dominant
understory Cover
by tree
Cover by
understory
Da
Bach
river
S.
caseolaris
(bần)
Common (4): Aegiceras corniculatum (sú);
Acanthus ilicifolius (ô rô); Derris trifoliata
(cóc kèn 3 lá); Sarcolobus globosus (dây
cám);
Not common (6)
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (vẹt); Acrostichum
aureum L (Ráng biển); Annona glabra (na
biển); Acrostichum aureum (ráng biển);
Kandelia abovata (trang) Phramites karka
(sậy)
55% 0.74
Ruot
Lon
river
S.
caseolaris
(bần) + K
abovata
(Trang)
56% 0.80
Cam
River
S.
caseolaris
(bần) + K
abovata
(Trang)
Common (3): Aegiceras corniculatum (sú);
Derris trifoliata (cóc kèn 3 lá); Sarcolobus
globosus (dây cám);
Not common (4)
Acanthus ilicifolius (ô rô);
Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (vẹt); Annona glabra
(na biển); Kandelia abovata (trang)
68% 0.75

16. Species structure
Areas Tree dominant Understory Cover by
tree
Cover by
understory
Do
Son
S. caseolaris
(bần),
K. abovata
(Trang),
A. marina
(mắm)
Common (1): Aegiceras corniculatum
(sú);
Not common (3)
Derris trifoliata (cóc kèn 3 lá);
Acanthus ilicifolius (ô rô); Aegiceras
corniculatum (đước)
68% 0.75
Kien
Thuy
S. caseolaris
(bần),
K. abovata
(Trang)
Common (1): Aegiceras corniculatum
(sú);
Not common (4)
Derris trifoliata (cóc kèn 3 lá);
Acanthus ilicifolius (ô rô); Sarcolobus
globosus (dây cám)
Cyperus malaccensis (cói)
65% 0.73

17. Biodiversity index
Location N/ha S. caseolaris (bần) K abovata (Trang)
N/ha DBH Height Basal N/ha DBH Height Basal
Da Bach
river
460-
1000
738 17.6 12.2 23.86 2 6.3 5 0.06
Ruot Lon
river
380-
780
618 20.4 12.5 24.33 17 13.8 9.3 0.53
Cam River 620-
1040
840 17.52 11.01 28.72 220 8.9 7.3 1.45
Location N/ha Cd
SH
General
S. caseolaris
(bần)
K abovata
(Trang)
Da Bach
river
460-
1000
1 0.01317
0.0018 0.01137
Ruot Lon
river
380-
780
0.94
0.13954 0.03089 0.10865
Cam
River
620-
1040
0.79
0.37098
0.11428 0.25671

18. Character of plantation in Do Son district
Plot Species Year
Density
(tree/ha)
DBD
(cm)
H (m)
Basal
areas (m2)
OTC27 S. caseolaris (Bần) 4-5 year 1,720 7.1 4.0 7.54
OTC28 K. abovata (Trang) 4-5 year 5,300 3.8 1.8 9.98
OTC29 A. marina (mắm) 4-5 year 4,500 3.1 2.3 11.50
OTC30 K. abovata (Trang) 4-5 year 13,000 3.5 4.1 29.03
OTC31 A. marina (mắm) 4-5 year 3,000 5.8 4.6 15.53
OTC32
S. caseolaris (Bần)+
A. marina (mắm)
4-5 year 1,540 6.7 4.1 8.91
OTC33 S. caseolaris (Bần) 5-10 year 1,750 9.8 8.3 16.93
OTC34 A. marina (mắm) 4-5 year 9,000 2.8 2.1 12.93
OTC35 K. abovata (Trang) 3-5 year 30,000 2.3 3.5 13.79
OTC36 S. caseolaris (Bần) >20 year 560 17.2 9.9 15.20
OTC37 S. caseolaris (Bần) >15 year 700 18.1 12.0 23.05
OTC38 S. caseolaris (Bần) > 10 year 1,220 11.3 6.6 15.57
OTC39 K. abovata (Trang) 4-5 year 17,000 3.6 3.9 51.29
OTC40 S. caseolaris (Bần) 5-10 year 780 11.5 9.4 9.97

19. Carbon stock in mangrove
95.1
103.2 108.1
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
Da Bach river Ruot Lon river Cam River
TonCarbon/ha
Location
85.54
1.55 12.90
0.00
Carbon structure in mangrove
Living tree
dead tree
shurb
dead wood

20. 0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
16.3
28.0 29.9
22.2
41.9
34.2 29.5
54.9
75.4
49.7
26.1
TonCarbon/ha
species
Carbon stock in mangrove
(Do Son and Kien Thuy district)

21. Impact, service and payment to mangrove
Shrimp and fish farming
• Benefits from mangrove
• But
Reduce mangrove areas
Lost biodiversity
Forest belt: 50-200m
Modified from Waycott
et. al 2006

22. Impact, service and payment to mangrove
Tylorrhynchus (rươi) exploiter and
Sesarmidae (cáy) collection
- Benefits from mangrove
• But clear understory for
Tylorrhynchus collection;
Negative impact to seedling

23. Impact, service and payment to mangrove
Fish port:
- Benefits from mangrove:
Coastal protection for port; .
Providing spawning grounds
• But negative effect to
mangrove;
 Oil negative impact to
seedling, forest health
 Waste from port to
mangrove: cover 5-80%

24. Impact, service and payment to mangrove
Industry port
• Benefits from Sedimentation and
sludge reduction service
• But negative impact to mangrove:
 sediment dredging led to erosion
(Cam River, Cat Ba port)
Oil negative impact to seedling,
forest health

25. • Carbon absorb service:
95.1-108.1 ton C/ha for S.
caseolaris (bần) in Thuy
Nguyen district
16.3-75.4 ton C/ha for
plantation from 5->15 year
in Do Don and Kien Thuy
district
• Local industry: Hai Phong
power, Chinfon Crement,…
Impact, service and payment to mangrove

26. Thanks you for
your attention!