These are the slides for the 2020 Academic Integrity and Referencing session for CJBS students

1. Cambridge Judge Business School
Academic Integrity &
Referencing
Andrew Alexander @MrAndrew_A
Katie Hughes @KatherineAnneH
Information & Library Services

2. Cambridge Judge Business School
today’s session
• define plagiarism at Cambridge
• real plagiarism examples from CJBS
• Harvard Referencing Style
• reference management support
• what might happen
• questions
Information & Library Services

3. Ed Sheeran
$20m
plagiarism
lawsuit for the
song
Photograph

4. Melania Trump
speech bore
startling
similarity to
Michelle
Obama’s

5. definition of plagiarism
Plagiarism: using someone else’s ideas,
words, data, or other material produced by
them without acknowledgement
Irrespective of intent to deceive

6. seven deadly sins of plagiarism

7. #1 quoting verbatim another person’s work
without acknowledging the source

8. paraphrasing another person’s work by
changing some of the words, or the order of the
words, without acknowledging the source
#2

9. #3 using ideas without reference to the person
who had the ideas in the first place

10. contract cheating - submitting work created
by someone else without acknowledgment#4

11. self-plagiarism - submitting material
that you have already used before#5

12. colluding with a classmate on a piece of work, when
that work is not a permitted joint or team project#6

13. law & ethics –including fabrication,
impersonation and bringing the university into
disrepute
#7

14. intentional and unintentional
plagiarism @ Judge

15. This is a real-life example of plagiarism at the Judge by a former student. The
text that is highlighted in red is a market research report from one of our
databases that was copied & pasted. This is an obvious example of deliberate
plagiarism. It was easily detected as the essay is written like a market
research report and not like a student essay with references in the text.

16. This is another essay submitted by a student. Again, the sentences
highlighted in red have been plagiarised. Click to the next slide for a
breakdown of what happened:

17. In the first paragraph, the sentences highlighted in red are paraphrased sections
from a Heifetz article. There was an attempt at referencing as the author’s name is
mentioned at the beginning of the sentence. However, it is an incomplete
reference as the date of publication is missing. Without the date there is no way to
trace which Heifetz article the student was reading. Because this is an incomplete
reference, this would be considered plagiarism.

18. In the second paragraph, the sentences highlighted in red are direct quotes from
an article. No attempt has been made to reference the resource that the quotes
have come from. The writer has also failed to include quotation marks indicating a
direct quote. This is another example of plagiarism.

19. As for the final paragraph, there are two ideas that are highlighted in red and surrounded
by single quotes. Part of referencing is giving people credit for the work and ideas they
have created. General knowledge such as the earth is round doesn’t need to be
referenced; however, if the ideas that you refer to in your papers are subject specific,
there is a good chance that a reader outside of the discipline will not know them, so
these need to be referenced. Again, no attempt has been made to reference the resource
or author that created the ideas. For more information on General Knowledge, visit Cite
Them Right: https://www-citethemrightonline-com.proxy.jbs.cam.ac.uk/Basics/what-is-
common-knowledge

20. Unlike the first essay, these are examples of unintentional plagiarism. Perhaps
this was due to poor note taking or the student ran out of time and failed to go
back and insert their citations. Whatever the reason, the university views
intentional and unintentional plagiarism as a violation of academic integrity.

21. Harvard Referencing Style
To avoid plagiarising another person’s work, you must reference the
resources that you are using in your research. At CJBS you will be required to
use the Harvard Referencing style. If there is another style that you prefer,
please be sure to speak to your supervisor or course team before
submitting your essay as you may be marked down for using another style
without prior approval.

22. Harvard Referencing Style
Example for a book:
Direct quote in your text:
“When in doubt, go to the library” (Rowling, 1998, p. 189).
Reference:
Rowling, J.K. (1998) Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets.
London: Bloomsbury.

23. In-text citation for a direct quote:
(Rowling, 1998, p. 189).
Author Date Page
Number
Harvard Referencing Style
The full
stop comes after
the in-text
citation.

24. Harvard Referencing Style
Reference:
Rowling, J.K. (1998) Harry Potter and the Chamber of
Secrets. London: Bloomsbury.
Author Date Title
Place of
publication
Publisher
Only the first word
and any proper
nouns should
be capitalized.

25. Harvard Referencing Style
Reference:
Rowling, J.K. (1998) Harry Potter and the Chamber of
Secrets. London: Bloomsbury.
Comma &
Period Parentheses Italics
Period Colon Period
Punctuation is important
in references, so you need
to pay attention to all
the commas, full stops,
and italics.

26. Harvard Referencing Style
Example for a journal article:
Paraphrased in your text:
Crews (2013) highlights the impact of Professor Umbridge
immediately meeting with active resistance from Hogwarts
students in relation to…
Reference:
Crews, J. D. (2013) ‘Harry Potter and the intentional change - a strategic
analysis of intentional culture at Hogwarts’, Organization Development
Journal, 31(3), pp. 17-22. Available at
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1467437336?accountid=9851
(Accessed: 5 June 2018).

27. Harvard Referencing Style
Example for a journal article:
Paraphrased in your text:
Crews (2013) highlights the impact of Professor Umbridge
immediately meeting with active resistance from Hogwarts
students in relation to…
Reference:
Crews, J. D. (2013) ‘Harry Potter and the intentional change - a strategic
analysis of intentional culture at Hogwarts’, Organization Development
Journal, 31(3), pp. 17-22. Available at
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1467437336?accountid=9851
(Accessed: 5 June 2018).
If you decide to use
the author’s name in a
sentence, this will change
the format of the in-
text citation.

28. Harvard Referencing Style
Crews, J. D. (2013) ‘Harry Potter and the intentional change - a
strategic analysis of intentional culture at
Hogwarts’, Organization Development Journal, 31(3), pp. 17-22.
Available at
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1467437336?accountid=9
851 (Accessed: 5 June 2018).
Article title
Date accessed
URL
Journal Title, Volume, issue
number and page range
Reference:

29. one thing to
remember...

30. there are no
footnotes with
the Harvard
Style

31. … and no ibid
with the
Harvard Style
That also means there is no ibid either. Footnotes can be used to
elaborate on a topic (this will be included in your word count), but they
are not to be used for citations.

32. Questions we often hear…
• When should I reference?
• How often should I reference?
• How many references do I need?
• Do I need to keep referencing?

33. Our response:
We aren’t trying to be rude,
but there is no way to answer
these questions. Our advice is
if in doubt, cite!

34. referencing tools
There are a lot of different referencing tools
available. We will show you two resources that
the Library supports. The first is Cite Them Right
which is a referencing database. The second is
a reference management software tool called
Zotero.

35. Cite Them Right is a referencing database used to answer any referencing
questions. This is the best place to go to find out how to reference a resource in
the Harvard style. There is a link to Cite Them Right on the CJBS database page.

36. There are a number of software management tools out there such as
EndNote, Papers, and Mendeley. The CJBS Library offers support for
Zotero. Choose the one that works best for you.
Zotero is a free open source referencing management tool available to
download online at Zotero.org. It can help you manage your resources
and your in-text citations and reference list. Zotero works on both PCs
and macs using FireFox and Chrome. It does not work with the
Safari browser. Contact the Library team if you want any help using
Zotero at infolib@jbs.cam.ac.uk.

37. 1. Zotero Desktop
2. Chrome or Firefox Connector
3. Word Plugin
There are three items that you need to download to use Zotero:

38. This is a screenshot of the Zotero desktop.

39. The ‘My Library’ has all of your papers saved in a list.
You can create collections or folders to organize your
resources.

40. The middle window is a list of all the resources you saved in alphabetical
order. Zotero will save the PDF (if one is available) as well as a screenshot of
the website that you are on. This can be valuable in case the site is down, has
changed, or is no longer available. When you highlight one of the resources,
the metadata will appear in the right-hand window.

41. Here is all the metadata listed for the article. Be
aware that if the website you are on doesn’t have the
information recorded then Zotero can’t save it. All
metadata fields are editable, so it is a good idea to go
in and update the information in Zotero to ensure
that your references are correct.
In the top right-hand corner of the screen there is a
green arrow that allows you to sync (and backup)
your Zotero with your online profile. This way you can
work online or offline and sync across different
computers.

42. To automatically save the resources into Zotero you will need to install the
Zotero connector. Zotero works well with Chrome and Firefox, but not Safari.
The little icon will change depending on what kind of resource you are on
e.g. an academic paper, newspaper, video, etc.

43. Finally, you will see a new tab in Microsoft Word so that you can put in your
in-text citations and references in your papers. You will need to select your
reference style before starting. We use the Harvard Style Cite them Right 10th
edition. For more information, check out our blog post:
https://infolib.blog.jbs.cam.ac.uk/2017/09/28/referencing-advice-all-you-
need-to-know-in-one-place/

44. …or the old fashioned way
It doesn’t matter if you use a management tool or not. Find the way that
works best for you. Referencing is something that you need to think about
when you are beginning your research, not when you are writing up. You
want to ensure that you take careful notes, so that when you come to writing
up you don’t need to worry about your references.

45. how will I be found out?
A lot of students wonder how people get caught plagiarising. There are a
number of ways that plagiarism can be detected.

46. different writing style
The people marking your paper do this a
lot and they can pick up on a person’s
writing style. When that style changes
suddenly, that can be a red-flag to a
marker. They may stop and copy and
paste those sentences into Google to see
what comes up.

47. lack of references
It is difficult to imagine that if you have written a carefully researched 5,000
word essay that your reference list will look like this. The markers may
wonder where you got all that information from.

48. text familiarity
Your lecturers have probably read a fair amount of the articles that you
will be citing. They also know other researchers in the field and have read
their papers and attended conferences with them. So, it’s not surprising that
as they read through papers they may begin to recognize someone else’s
work. I would also mention that if you are going to use your lecturer’s work
as part of your research then be sure to cite it because you can bet they
will recognize that!

49. The central university has decided that students cannot access Turnitin to
test their papers.
The university does use the Turnitin software to check student’s essays. This
compares your essay with loads of resources including previous student
essays, online content, and more. Last year, Turnitin discovered five identical
essays from five different universities across the UK submitted by students.
All the essays had come from an essay mill.

50. what are the consequences?
So, what kind of horrible punishments await a student if they are guilty of
plagiarism…

51. investigation
If a marker suspects plagiarism, they will
report it to the school administrators who
will launch an investigation to determine
the severity of the plagiarism.
They will decide if the plagiarised work
is considered a minor or major breach.

52. minor breach
If it is determined that it has been a minor
breach…

53. marks deducted
Your paper may get re-marked with the plagiarised parts removed, so your
grade will be reduced.

54. re-submit for capped mark
You could be asked to re-write the essay and re-submit it for a capped mark
(this is on top of all the other coursework you will be doing).

55. major breach
However, if it is determined
that the plagiarism has been
a major breach, then it is no
longer an internal school
issue and it will be reported
to the central university.

56. discipline committee
A discipline committee will be held and the university administrator (i.e. the
university’s lawyer) will question you regarding your work. We have it on good
authority that this is an extremely unpleasant experience.

57. removal from degree programme
The most serious punishment would be removal from your degree program
without your tuition being refunded.

58. financial penalty
There also might be a financial penalty where you will need to pay for the work
that you plagiarised.
There are different levels of punishment when it comes to a major breach, for
example, one student was asked to write public apologies to all the people that
they plagiarised.

59. why bother?

60. weight to your argument
marks to your score
to the Cambridge story
referencing adds:

61. help is available
blog
refresher sessions
guidance, tips and 1-1 support
While we can’t review your references
for you (as it is evaluated), we can
provide support. If you have
a question about how to reference a
resource or need help with Zotero,
please do get in touch.

62. infolib@jbs.cam.ac.uk