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Part of Made in India,
Design Innovation
Workshop,2015
A	
  Fresh	
  New	
  Experience	
  in	
  
Project-­‐Making	
  and	
  
Learning
PHYSICSINVESTIGATORY
PROJECTON
ANDGATEUSINGTRANSISTORS
Do	
  you	
  know	
  how	
  the	
  garden	
  floodlights	
  work?	
  For	
  
this,	
  one	
  needs	
  to	
  know	
  the	
  concept	
  of	
  an	
  AND	
  gate	
  
using	
  diodes.	
  The	
  floodlights	
  contain	
  a	
  heat	
  sensor	
  as	
  
well	
  as	
  a	
  dark	
  sensor.	
  The	
  floodlights	
  turn	
  ON	
  only	
  
when	
  both	
  the	
  sensors	
  are	
  triggered	
  and	
  provide	
  a	
  
high	
  input	
  voltage	
  (1)	
  to	
  the	
  AND	
  Gate.
A	
  2-­‐input	
  AND	
  gate	
  has	
  two	
  inputs	
  (A	
  and	
  B)	
  and	
  only	
  
one	
  output	
  (Q).
In	
  this	
  project,	
  you	
  will	
  make	
  an	
  AND	
  gate	
  logic	
  circuit	
  
using	
  two	
  transistors	
  (Q1	
  and	
  Q2),	
  four	
  resistors,	
  an	
  
LED	
  and	
  a	
  few	
  connecQng	
  wires.	
  The	
  emiRer	
  of	
  Q1	
  is	
  
connected	
  to	
  the	
  collector	
  of	
  Q2.	
  The	
  collector	
  of	
  Q1	
  is	
  
connected	
  to	
  Vcc	
  (posiQve/high	
  voltage)	
  while	
  the	
  
emiRer	
  of	
  Q2	
  is	
  connected	
  to	
  ground	
  (negaQve/low	
  
voltage).	
  Two	
  connecQng	
  wires	
  are	
  connected	
  to	
  the	
  
leU	
  leg	
  of	
  the	
  base	
  resistors.	
  Each	
  connecQng	
  wire	
  
represents	
  the	
  input.	
  This	
  input	
  could	
  be	
  either	
  1	
  or	
  0,	
  
where	
  1	
  stands	
  for	
  Vcc	
  and	
  0	
  stands	
  for	
  ground.
To	
  provide	
  the	
  inputs;	
  the	
  truth	
  table	
  of	
  the	
  AND-­‐gate	
  
was	
  followed.
Input	
  A Input	
  B Output	
  Q
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
On	
  providing	
  the	
  inputs,	
  if	
  the	
  LED	
  glows	
  this	
  means	
  
output	
  Q	
  =	
  1	
  or	
  high.	
  If	
  the	
  LED	
  does	
  not	
  glow,	
  the	
  
output	
  Q	
  =	
  0	
  or	
  low.	
  AUer	
  verifying	
  the	
  experimental	
  
outputs	
  in	
  four	
  different	
  cases	
  of	
  the	
  inputs,	
  we	
  do	
  the	
  
‘path	
  of	
  current’	
  analysis	
  and	
  reason	
  out	
  why	
  the	
  LED	
  
glows	
  in	
  each	
  case.
Have	
  a	
  look	
  at	
  our	
  Project	
  Kit!
CoolJunk	
   is	
   India's	
   fastest	
  growing	
  DIY	
  (do-­‐it-­‐yourself)	
   kits	
   company	
   focused	
   on	
   project-­‐based	
   learning	
   in	
  
science,	
  engineering	
  and	
   technology.	
  Having	
   20,000	
   users	
   in	
   India,	
  US,	
   Singapore,	
   Middle	
   East	
   and	
   New	
  
Zealand,	
  the	
  CoolJunk	
  kits	
  are	
  known	
  for	
  quality,	
  innovaQon	
  and	
  high	
  producQon	
  value.	
  CoolJunk	
  has	
  been	
  
featured	
   in	
   naQonal	
   and	
   internaQonal	
   journals	
   including	
   Wallstreet,	
   Yourstory,	
   Hindu	
   Business	
   Line,	
  
NextBigWhat	
  and	
  was	
  tagged	
  as	
  the	
  coolest	
  Indian	
  start-­‐up	
  in	
  IAN	
  Bootcamp-­‐2011.	
  
For	
  more	
  projects	
  visit	
  our	
  website:	
  CoolJunk	
  
Tools	
  and	
  Components	
  in	
  
one	
  box.
Step	
  by	
  step	
  visual	
  
instrucQons
Detailed	
  experiment	
  
theory
CoolJunkCoolJunkCoolJunk
Follow	
  us	
  on:

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Physics Investigatory Project on AND Gate using Transistors.

  • 1. Part of Made in India, Design Innovation Workshop,2015 A  Fresh  New  Experience  in   Project-­‐Making  and   Learning
  • 3. Do  you  know  how  the  garden  floodlights  work?  For   this,  one  needs  to  know  the  concept  of  an  AND  gate   using  diodes.  The  floodlights  contain  a  heat  sensor  as   well  as  a  dark  sensor.  The  floodlights  turn  ON  only   when  both  the  sensors  are  triggered  and  provide  a   high  input  voltage  (1)  to  the  AND  Gate. A  2-­‐input  AND  gate  has  two  inputs  (A  and  B)  and  only   one  output  (Q). In  this  project,  you  will  make  an  AND  gate  logic  circuit   using  two  transistors  (Q1  and  Q2),  four  resistors,  an   LED  and  a  few  connecQng  wires.  The  emiRer  of  Q1  is   connected  to  the  collector  of  Q2.  The  collector  of  Q1  is   connected  to  Vcc  (posiQve/high  voltage)  while  the   emiRer  of  Q2  is  connected  to  ground  (negaQve/low   voltage).  Two  connecQng  wires  are  connected  to  the   leU  leg  of  the  base  resistors.  Each  connecQng  wire   represents  the  input.  This  input  could  be  either  1  or  0,   where  1  stands  for  Vcc  and  0  stands  for  ground. To  provide  the  inputs;  the  truth  table  of  the  AND-­‐gate   was  followed. Input  A Input  B Output  Q 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 On  providing  the  inputs,  if  the  LED  glows  this  means   output  Q  =  1  or  high.  If  the  LED  does  not  glow,  the   output  Q  =  0  or  low.  AUer  verifying  the  experimental   outputs  in  four  different  cases  of  the  inputs,  we  do  the   ‘path  of  current’  analysis  and  reason  out  why  the  LED   glows  in  each  case.
  • 4. Have  a  look  at  our  Project  Kit! CoolJunk   is   India's   fastest  growing  DIY  (do-­‐it-­‐yourself)   kits   company   focused   on   project-­‐based   learning   in   science,  engineering  and   technology.  Having   20,000   users   in   India,  US,   Singapore,   Middle   East   and   New   Zealand,  the  CoolJunk  kits  are  known  for  quality,  innovaQon  and  high  producQon  value.  CoolJunk  has  been   featured   in   naQonal   and   internaQonal   journals   including   Wallstreet,   Yourstory,   Hindu   Business   Line,   NextBigWhat  and  was  tagged  as  the  coolest  Indian  start-­‐up  in  IAN  Bootcamp-­‐2011.   For  more  projects  visit  our  website:  CoolJunk   Tools  and  Components  in   one  box. Step  by  step  visual   instrucQons Detailed  experiment   theory CoolJunkCoolJunkCoolJunk Follow  us  on: