Adry Salom, Magister en Ingeniería Civil en Delft University, fue convocado por CTAgua para dictar un seminario sobre la gestión de aguas y lodos municipales. Está es la presentación mediante la que compartió la experiencia holandesa.

1. 1
Municipal/Industrial Sludge Management/Treatment
Succesful Experiences from
the Netherlands
Uruguay 14 september 2018 Ir. .A.A. SaloméUnesco-IHE Sludge Management

2. Topics
1. History of Durch Water Management
2. Facts of the Dutch Waterboards
3. Regulations & Finances
4. Wastewater and Sludge Treatment
5. Management & Finances at HHSK
6. Energy & Recovery
7. Future developments
Uruguay 14 september 2018 2Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management

3. Uruguay 14 september 2018 3
Uruguay: Netherlands:
4,2 x 176.215 km2 41.550 km2
(1,5 % water) (18 % water)
0,2 x 3.370.000 inhabitants 17.000.000 inhabitants
Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management

4. Argentina 17 - 20 september 2018 4
History of Dutch Water Management
Unesco-IHE - Dutch Water Management
Water Management = Safe Living No Water Management = 60% flooded
Ir. .A.A. Salomé

5. Argentina 17 - 20 september 2018 5
History of Dutch Water Management
Unesco-IHE - Dutch Water Management
11th century: first organisation
12th - 15th century: growth water boards
15th century: floods and reorganisation
16th century: new generation
19th century: 3.500 water boards
20th century: 2.000 water boards
1969: 1.000 water boards
1995: 88 water boards
2009: 26 water boards
2013: 24 water boards
2018: 22 water boards
Ir. .A.A. Salomé

6. Argentina 17 - 20 september 2018 6
Organisation of Dutch Water Management
Unesco-IHE - Dutch Water Management
The unavoidable Water and Sludge Chain
Drinking Water Production
Drinking Water Consumption
Wastewater Production
Wastewater Treatment
Sludge Production
Sludge Treatment
Ir. .A.A. Salomé

7. Argentina 17 - 20 september 2018 7
Organization of Drinking water supply and Sanitation
in the Netherlands
Unesco-IHE - Dutch Water Management
Ministry of
Agriculture
Ministry of Public
Works
Ministry of
Environment
12 Provincial
Governments
10 Water Supply
Companies
(drinking water
supply)
22 Water Boards
(water security,
wastewater
treatment)
388 Municipalities
(wastewater
collection)
Direct Public
management
Public Water PLC
1
32
Ir. .A.A. Salomé

8. Argentina 17 - 20 september 2018 8
Facts of the Dutch Waterboards
Unesco-IHE - Dutch Water Management Ir. .A.A. Salomé
Calculation Example
(average 2018)
Family with 2 children (total of 4 persons):
• Pollution Taks € 145,--
• Water System Tax Residence € 41,--
• Water System Levy Building € 53,--
Total waterboard € 239,--
Drinking Water (120 liter/per person per day) € 236,--
Sewage Tax (Municipality) € 343,--
Total costs € 800,-- / year ARS 28.560,--
per year

9. Facts of the Dutch Waterboards
Uruguay 14 september 2018 9
Sewerage > 97%
Wastewater treatment > 99%
Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management

10. Uruguay 14 september 2018 10
Number of Waterboards (2018):
22
Number of employees:
11.000
Taks revenues:
€ 2,6 billion/year =
UYU 96,2 billion/year
Number of treatment plants:
333
Treatment capacity:
2.000.000.000 m3/year
Facts of the Dutch Waterboards
Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management

11. Uruguay 14 september 2018 11
Facts of the Dutch Waterboards
Investment costs/year
2009: € 330.000.000 (UYU 12.200.000.000)
2015: € 240.000.000 (UYU 8.880.000.000)
Taks revenues
€ 2,6 billion/year
UYU 96,2 billion/year
Means
€ 153 per person per year
UYU 5.659 per person per year
Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management

12. Uruguay 14 september 2018 12
Environmental standards
• 1970: Regulation of Oxygen Demand:
Pollution of Surface Water Act: WVO
1970
• 1980’s: Regulation of N and P.
Eutrofication of surface and
groundwaters:
- European Council Directive on
Nutrients
- Northsea Action Plan
• 1990’s: Regulation on ecological
function of water bodies.
European Water Framework Directive
of 2001
Regional efficiency per water board:
• 75% Nitrogen removal
• 75% Phosphate removal
Specific effluent requirements:
• N = 10 mg/l
• P = 1 mg/l (2 mg/l)
• Future:
• N = 2,2 mg/l
• P = 0,15 mg/l
• medicine and hormone residues, micro
pollutants, pesticides and heavy metals
Facts of the Dutch Waterboards
Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management

13. Facts of the Dutch Water & Sludge Treatment
Uruguay 14 september 2018 13Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management
40.000.000 p.e.
Capacity Wastewater Treatment Plants
Municipal Wastewater
Treatment Plants
Industrial Wastewater
Treatment Plants

14. Facts of the Dutch Water & Sludge Treatment
Uruguay 14 september 2018 14Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management
Nitrogen
Phosphate
Capacity and Nutrient Removal Wastewater Treatment Plants
Total capacity
Phosphate removal capacity
Nitrogen removal capacity

15. Facts of the Dutch Water & sludge treatment
Uruguay 14 september 2018 15
Nutrient removal
• Nitrogen: 1995 11 %
2016 84 %
• Phosphate: 1995 10 %
2016 85 %
80 % (biological)
Sludge treatment incineration
cement industry
powerplants (electricity)
agriculture
disposal
Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management

16. Facts of the Dutch Water & sludge treatment
Uruguay 14 september 2018 16Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management
Disposal/destination Sludge from Wastewater Treatment Plants
Other
Power/plants (electricity)
Cement industry
Incineration
Landfill
Compsting (fertilizer)
Wet Oxidatrion
Agriculture

17. Facts of the Dutch Water & sludge treatment
Uruguay 14 september 2018 17
Sludge production domestic wastewater treatment
325 million kg ds/year
Sludge production industrial wastewater treatment
210 million kg ds/year
Total Sludge Production: 535 million kg ds/year
Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management
Disposal routes:
• Ocean?
• Spreading on soil?
• Landfill?
• Lagoons?
• Agriculture?
• . . . . . . . . . .?

18. Sludge amounts without treatment
Uruguay 14 september 2018 18Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management
Average Domestic Sludge production on a WWTP:
• 60-70 g ds per person per day
• 6 liter sludge per person per day
• 2.500 Liter sludge per person per year
• 3.5 million people 8.000.000 m3/year !!!
270.000 x
- - -

19. Treatment at Wastewater Department
Schieland en de Krimpenerwaard (HHSK)

20. Treatment at Wastewater Department
Schieland en de Krimpenerwaard (HHSK)

21. Treatment at Wastewater Department
Schieland en de Krimpenerwaard (HHSK)

22. Treatment at Wastewater Department
Schieland en de Krimpenerwaard (HHSK)

23. Treatment at Wastewater Department
Schieland en de Krimpenerwaard (HHSK)

24. Treatment at Wastewater Department
Schieland en de Krimpenerwaard (HHSK)

25. Treatment cost at Wastewater Department
Schieland en de Krimpenerwaard (HHSK)
Uruguay 14 september 2018 25Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management
Cost: € 34.000.000/year (UYU 1.260.000.000)
1. Treatment by other Water Boards
2. Capitial costs
3. Exploitation costs:
- management, operation, control,
- maintanance, research, administration
Division:
• external treatment: € 11.000.000/year
• Transportation € 5.000.000/year
• wastewater treatment € 13.000.000/year
• Sludgetreatment € 5.000.000/year
32 %
15 %
38 %
15 %
- - -
22 %
56 %
22 %

26. Management and organisation HHSK
Uruguay 14 september 2018 26Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management
Characteristics:
• Centralized WWT in dense areas
• Local WWTP’s in rural areas
• Centralized Sludge Treatment
• Local thickening
• Anaerobic Sludge Digestion
• Centralized Dewatering
Organisation: from task to process driven (strategy-processes- PDCA)
Continues operation: 24 hours/day, 365 days/year!
• operation
• maintanance
- - -

27. Management and organisation HHSK
Uruguay 14 september 2018 27Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management
50 employees
• Technical specialists:
o Proces control/automization
o mechanical
o electrical
o civil/construction
• Technology specialists:
o proces technology
o information- and data management
o licenses and sampling/analyses
- - -
Structural
Organised
Interaction

28. Sludge treatment at HHSK
Uruguay 14 september 2018 28Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management
Operation & Maintanance
• Procescontrol
• Automatic (distance) control
• Sampling and analyses
• Inspections
• Service group (outside working hours)

29. Sludge treatment at HHSK
Uruguay 14 september 2018 29Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management
- - -
 23 Wastewater Pumping Stations
 79 km pressure mains (transportion pipes
wastewater)
 9 Wastewater Treatment Plants (610.000 p.e.)
Cetralized sludge treatment for 9 wwtp’s
• thickening, anaerobic digestion, mechanical
dewatering
Biogasproduction (2.100.000 m3/year)
• Electricity production (4.000.000 kWh/year)

30. Energy facts at HHSK
Uruguay 14 september 2018 30Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management
Sludge treatment
• disposal = 34.000 ton/year at 25% d.s.
Energy consumption:
• HHSK total: 29.000.000 kWh/y
• WWTP’s: 21.000.000 kWh/y (€ 2.500.000/y)
• E-Production: 4.000.000 kWh/y (saves € 500.000/y)
UYU 92 million/y
UYU 19 million/y
- - -

31. Ranking HHSK
Droge voeten en schoon water 31
Monitor report 2016
Energy consumption: Wastewater treatment: 72%
Water systems: 24%
Water protection: 4%
Disitribution of business units in total energy consumption (2016)
24%
4%
Wastewater treatment
Water systems
Water safety
72%

32. Future developments sludge management
• Decrease of landfill options
• Decrease of agricultural purposes
• Decreaes of soil improvement
• Increase of incineration techniques
• Reduction of volume
• Energy savings
• Energy recovery
• From waste product to valuable material
• Upgrade of biogas to high multi purpose quality
• Reuse of ashes
Uruguay 14 september 2018 32Unesco-IHE - Sludge Management

33. Legal Note Durability, established 2017
Droge voeten en schoon water 33
Energy
Yearly 2% energy savings
In 2020 min. 40% sustainable
energy production
In 2025 100% sustainable
energy production = energy
neutral
Climate
Yearly 1% less emission of
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
[ In 2020 30% less CO2
emission related to 1990 ]
In 2050 (netto) zero emission
of greenhouse gases
(+ energy neutral)
Raw materials
In 2020 10% of tenders
“circular economy”
[re-use of raw materials
and/or no waste products]
In 2030 50% “circular
economy”
In 2050 full “circular
economy”
Sharing/exchanging knowledge = multiplying knowledge

34. Ranking HHSK
Droge voeten en schoon water 34
Monitor report 2016
Sustainable energy production in 2016 for Waterboard
Hoogheemraadschap van Schieland en de Krimpenerwaard (HHSK)
Total sustainable energy production in 2016 for all Dutch Waterboards
50 %
33 %

35. Droge voeten en schoon water 35
Extra energy production and energy savings up to 2017
• Centralisation sludge treatment:
increase biogas + 40 %
• Replacing surface aeration by bubble
aeration:
decreasing energy use - 15%
• Facilitation windturbine on
wwtp Kralingseveer
• Formal participation in HVC
(part ownership) for sludge treatment
Initiatives and successes

36. Droge voeten en schoon water
|
36
2016 in ratio of 2011: -/- 20%
16,000,000
17,000,000
18,000,000
19,000,000
20,000,000
21,000,000
22,000,000
2011 2013 2015 2016
Totaal Elektriciteitsverbruik HHSK (kWh)
Decrease energy consumption HHSK
Total energy consumption HHSK (kWH)

37. Droge voeten en schoon water 37
Energie Efficiency Plan MJA-3
• Themista; innovative proces sludge
• Replacing aeration systems at 2 wwtp’s
• Measurements on RWF (Rain Weather Flow) to wwtp’s
• Smart pumping (at DWF (Dry Weather Flow),
weather forecast, low price)
Initiatives up to 2020

38. Droge voeten en schoon water
|
38
Consumption and production in 2020
Consuption
Production

39. Thermista at a wwtp
Thermista: from innovation to full scale
WWTP
Primary clarifier Aeration tank Final clarifier
Primary
sludge
Secondairy sludge
External sludge
Digester
CH4
Sludge to
incineration
Dewatering
Bypass
Proces ControlOther wwtp’s
Upgrading
biogas to
electricity or
fuel gas

40. Secondairy
sludgeExternal
sludge
Primairy
sludge
Digester
Sludge Feed bij Smart
Proces Control
Bypass
Thermista: from innovation to full scale

41. Droge voeten en schoon water 41
• Increasing digester capacity (max, load + 20%)
• Possibilities treatment of extra external sludge
• Increased biogas production (+ 17%)
• Extra electriciy production (+1.2 mln kWh per year)
• Lowering CO2 footprint (- 700 ton per year)
• Better dewaterability of sludge (+1%)
• Decrerase of sludge disposal of 4000 ton per year (- 13%)
• Lower viscosity sludge resuts in better mixing
• Better mixing results in increasing gas production
Effects & Contributions Environmental Goals
Thermista: from innovation to full scale

42. Argentina 17 - 20 september 2018 42
The Future in Wastewater Treatment
Unesco-IHE - Dutch Water Management
Examples of all Dutch Waterboards
Energy and Raw Material Production on Sewage treatment Plants
1. Recovery of valuable materials from sewage
2. Increasing Energy Production to high valuable levels using bio-gas
3. Recovery of Phosphate: in Struvite = MagnesiumAmmoniumPhosphate
4. Recovery of Cellulose (remains from toiletpapaper at wwtp’s) for e.g.
isolation material, use in asphalt (roads in Friesland), bio-composite,
bio-plastics e.g. CirTec-Proces
5. Recovery of PHA: basic material for bio-plastics
6. Recovery of NEO-Alginate (bio-glue material): from Nereda-treatment
proces for use in textile, building- and paper/pulp undustry
7. LCA = Life Cycle Analyses
8. WWTP’s with (centralised) Digesting Proces
Ir. .A.A. Salomé
Examples of future technologies and re-use

43. Argentina 17 - 20 september 2018 43
The Future in Wastewater Treatment
Unesco-IHE - Dutch Water Management
Examples of (near) future technologies and re-use
Example Rotterdam (European Union Project)
1. Start: 2018
2. Costs: € 14,5 milion
3. Making bio-diesel from Sludge Sewage breakdown
under additonal pressure)
4. Treatment Plant
5. Technology: pyrolyse (thermical)
6. Cooperation of EU (Horizon 2020)
7. Waterboard Delfland
8. Prvate Company Sludge Handling and Treatment
Ir. .A.A. Salomé

44. Droge voeten en schoon water
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44
Recovery of Phosphate
• Recovery of phosphate from fly ash
• Cooperation of 10 waterboards
• 50.000 ton fly ash per year
• Covering 50% phosphate use in the
Netherlands
• 21.000 ton phosphate per imported by
fertilizers
• 11.000 – 12.000 ton phosphate per year
(fixated in sludge from wwtp’s)
• Recovery of other materials: metals, cast, etc.
Recovery of raw materials

45. Argentina 17 - 20 september 2018 45
The Future in Wastewater Treatment
Unesco-IHE - Dutch Water Management
Examples wwtp’s Land van Cuijck, Apeldoorn,
Amersfoort, Amsterdam
Recovery of Phosphate: in Struvite = MagnesiumAmmoniumPhosphate
1. Production of fertilizer
Ir. .A.A. Salomé
Sustainable Technologies
Recovery of Struvite Clogging of pipes
Equilibrium
Phosphate
Examples of future technologies and re-use

46. Argentina 17 - 20 september 2018 46
The Future in Wastewater Treatment
Unesco-IHE - Dutch Water Management Ir. .A.A. Salomé
Dewatering
Dewatering
Rejection
Water treatment
Struvite
Recovery
Struvite
Recovery
Water line treatment
Water line treatment
Buffer Capacity (mol HCO3
-/mol NH4
+-N
NH4
+-Nremoval(%)
1
2
Examples of future technologies and re-use

47. Argentina 17 - 20 september 2018 47
The Future in Wastewater Treatment
Unesco-IHE - Dutch Water Management
Example wwtp Bath
(Waterboard Brabantse Delta)
Recovery of PHA from sewage sludge
1. basic material for bio-plastics
2. high quality PHA-plastic
3. 100% bio-degradable
4. Pilot 4 Waterboards: Brabantse Delta, De Dommel, Scheldestromen and
Fryslân
5. Succesful Test Products
6. Business Feasability Plan (market, economics) +
7. Investors and commercial businesses
8. Next phase: production up to 100.000 kg/week
Ir. .A.A. Salomé
Sustainable Technologies
Examples of future technologies and re-use

48. Argentina 17 - 20 september 2018 48
The Future in Wastewater Treatment
Unesco-IHE - Dutch Water Management
Example wwtp Tollebeek
EPHYRA Technology Proces
1. Innovative Digesting Technology
2. Multi Stage Technology
3. Separation of hydraulic and sludge retention time
4. Plug flow
5. Higher concentration; smaller reactors
6. Full scale
7. Since 2017
8. 20 – 30 % increase of decomposition/degradability (into bio-gas!)
9. Decrease of remaining solids (lower discharge costs)
10. Improved dewatering
11. Waterboard Zuiderzeeland
12. Consultant RHDHV
Ir. .A.A. Salomé
Examples of future technologies and re-use

49. Waste Water Department of Hoogheemraadschap van
Schieland en de Krimpenerwaard
THE END
Presentation Uruguay
14 september 2018
Adry A. Salomé
Director Waste Water Department Droge voeten en schoon water