2. THE HISTORY OF TANNING
Cosmetic tanning is a 20th
century fashion craze.
Crimson White Ad
3. Before the 20th century, upper-
class men and women alike
powdered their skin to get a
paler complexion.
From Wikipedia
4. During the Industrial Revolution, working-class laborers moved
from farms to factories and grew pale, while the upper-class
spent their leisure time outdoors and became tanned.
From the Guardian.co.uk
21. In the defense industry
during World War II, it was
thought that workers could
be kept healthier while
working longer hours if they
were given several extra
minutes of sunlight with
sunlamps.
1940’s ad
22. A late 1940’s advertisement
for the “ultra-violet ray
lamp” in the Medical
Journal of Australia.
1948 ad
23. Tanning for health remained a
trend through the 1950’s.
However, beauty was
gradually eclipsing health as
the main reason to tan.
1950 ad
40. 1. Indoor tanning is as safe, or safer, than sun-bathing
Myth Fact
From Palm Beach Tan: From the Skin Cancer Foundation:
“…Regular exposure to sunlight “When compared to people who
can: strengthen bones regulate blood have never tanned indoors, indoor
pressure reduce stress and tension tanners have a higher risk of all
keep hair, skin and nails strong and forms of skin cancer. A controlled
healthy.” dose of tanning lamp radiation is a
high dose: Frequent tanners using
“Tan Fact: Our state-of-the-art
new high-pressure sunlamps may
tanning equipment is designed to
receive as much as 12 times the
replicate the UVA and UVB produced
annual ultraviolet A (UVA) dose they
by the sun, while allowing you to
receive from sun exposure.”
control your exposure.”
41. Tanning and sun-bathing cause
the same kind of harm to your
skin, but tanning beds allow for a
deeper tan (and thus, more
harm) in a shorter time-span:
20 minutes in a tanning bed =
4 minutes of indoor tanning
Every time you tan, the
epidermis (outer layer of the
skin) breaks, allowing UVA rays
-- which causes melanoma and
premature aging of the skin –
to get down deeper into the skin.
From there, it shakes up the
secretion and activation of
melanin, which is necessary for
tanning.
42. 2. Indoor tanning is a safe way to tan without sunburns
or sunscreens
Myth Fact
From the Indoor Tanning Association: From the Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention:
“Indoor tanning, for individuals who can
develop a tan, is a smart way to minimize “Indoor tanning and tanning
the risk of contracting sunburn while outside are both dangerous.
maximizing the enjoyment and benefit of Although tanning beds operate on a
having a tan…By taking into account the timer, the exposure to ultraviolet
tanner’s skin type and the intensity of the (UV) rays can vary based on the age
equipment, this schedule helps to deliver a and type of light bulbs. You can still
dosage of UV light that is designed to get a burn from tanning indoors,
minimize the risk of sunburn. .. This kind of and even a tan indicates damage to
control is impossible outdoors, where your skin.”
variables including seasonality, time of day,
weather conditions, reflective surfaces and
altitude all make sunburn prevention more
difficult.”
43. From Health Made Easy:
“In a news release issued by the
Cancer Institute of New Jersey,
study author Jerod Stapleton, a
behavioral scientist at the institute,
said their findings reveal that indoor
tanning, which is promoted as a
‘controlled’ exposure to ultraviolet
radiation “resulting in minimal risk
of burn, results in quite the
opposite.” He said that in spite of
these claims, the findings of their
study suggest that sunburn
commonly occurs as a result of
using a tanning bed. “This is
particularly worrisome given data
that suggest sunburns increase
future skin cancer risk,” he added.”
44. 3. Indoor tanning is a safe way to get Vitamin D
Myth Fact
From VitaminDTanning.com: From the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention:
“…tanning lamps that emit some
UVB light - and most of them do - “Vitamin D is important for bone
have been shown by peer-reviewed health, but studies showing links
research to stimulate vitamin D between vitamin D and other health
production in the skin and elevate conditions are inconsistent. Although
blood levels of vitamin D in the it is important to get enough vitamin
body. While it may not be necessary D, the safest way is through diet or
to develop a tan to produce supplements. Tanning harms your skin,
sufficient amounts of vitamin D, and and the amount of time spent tanning
while dietary supplements are an to get enough vitamin D varies from
alternative, UVB exposure is the person to person.”
body's natural way to produce
vitamin D.”
45. INDOOR TANNING AND SKIN CANCER
Each year, there are 160,000 cases of melanoma worldwide and
48, 000 deaths occurring from melanoma.
In the United States alone, there will be 27,000 cases of melanoma
this years and 8,900 deaths occurring from melanoma.
One third of those who contract melanoma will die of the disease.
But some of these melanoma cases could have been easily prevented
from ever happening.
46. INDOOR TANNING AND SKIN CANCER
Studies have shown that an individual’s melanoma risk
increases by 75% just by going to the tanning bed more than
ten times each year.
Indoor tanning beds are listed as a Group 1 carcinogen (cancer
causing substance) by the International Agency for Research on
Cancer. To put this ranking in perspective, cigarettes are also
listed as a Group 1 carcinogen.
47. INDOOR TANNING AND SKIN CANCER
Key Risk Factors:
- Light skin
- Family history
- Childhood sunburns
- Sensitive skin, including freckles
- Blue/green eyes
- Red/blonde hair
- Moles
48. A-B-C’s of Melanoma
- Asymmetry
- Border irregularity
- Color bleaching at
lesion’s borders
- Diameter: ¼ inch
- Elevation
57. INDOOR TANNING AND COLLEGE STUDENTS
Melanoma is the second most common cancer for
young people between the ages of 15 and 29.
The Center for Disease Control and Prevention states
that “people who begin tanning younger than age 35
have a 75% higher risk of melanoma.”
The most frequent indoor tanners are 18-29 year
olds and those who have some degree of
college education.
58.
59. INDOOR TANNING AND COLLEGE STUDENTS
Most college students have heard about the risks associated
with indoor tanning, but they try to “rationalize” their habit
or addiction.
The largest defense of college students for indoor tanning is
that they “look better when they are tanned”.
Many students admit that “tanning beds make them ill, but
everything causes cancer these days”, and they insist that
“tanning bed use is no more risky than lots of things that
people do”.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67. INDOOR TANNING AND ADDICTION
A study documented in the Archives of Dermatology
discovered that addiction to tanning beds are a serious
problem, specifically among college students.
As many as 39% of college students could be addicted to
indoor tanning.
With this addiction comes increased anxiety and increased
alcohol and drug use.
But the most disturbing issue is that, in the same study, 100%
of the college students said that they were aware of the skin
cancer risk involved with indoor tanning.
68. INDOOR TANNING AND ADDICTION
It is true that tanning produces endorphins, which is an
incentive, whether consciously or subconsciously, for
people to tan.
However, these endorphins could actually be the
center of the problem, because tanning beds release
so many endorphins that tanning becomes an
addiction.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73. This New Jersey woman was arrested and charged with second-degree
child endangerment when school officials investigated a rash found on her
five-year-old daughter’s skin.
Although she pleaded not guilty and says that her daughter never went to a
tanning salon, she herself admitted that she has visited tanning salons for
years and has tanned beyond the average tan-goer.
74. INDOOR TANNING AND CULTURE
Every special occasion can be used by the industry as an excuse to get a tan.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80. Even health and educational centers have not gone untouched by the tanning industry.
Article from the Crimson White on the opening of the new Student Health Center at
the University of Alabama
81. Advertisement for the Opening Celebration of the Student Health Center
Among the prizes is a tanning bed certificate
87. Based on a lecture by
Dr. Alan Blum, M.D.
Director, the University of Alabama Center for the
Study of Tobacco and Society
for the University of Alabama’s Student Health Center,
October 2012
Research conducted by Dr. Alan Blum and Courtney Kaderbek
Slideshow designed by Courtney Kaderbek
88. BIBLIOGRAPHY
Photographs
• Tanning Bed Photograph, from ONW Convergence Journalism
– http://www.onwravens.net/ravendaily/2011/10/13/tanning-beds-banned-in-california/
• CotyTan Ad, from Duke University Libraries Digital Collections
– http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/adaccess/guide/cosmetics/
• “Slot Machine Vends 25c Sunburns” Advertisement, from Modern Mechanix
– http://blog.modernmechanix.com/slot-machine-vends-25c-sunburns/
• “Wanted: Men to Sell Sunbeams” Advertisement, from Modern Mechanix
– http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2010/jan/09/employment-law-market-changes
• Industrial Revolution Factory Photograph, from the Guardian.co.uk
– http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2010/jan/09/employment-law-market-changes
• Marie Antoinette Painting, from Wikipedia
– http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Marie_Antoinette_by_Joseph_Ducreux.jpg
• Palm Beach Tan Christmas Advertisement, Palm Beach Tan.com
– http://palmbeachtan.com/
• “The Positive Side of Tanning”, VitaminDTanning.com
– http://vitamindtanning.com/vitamin_d__the_positive_side_of_tanning
• “Skin Cancer Myths vs. Facts”, SkinCancer.org
– http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/myths-vs-facts
• “Basic Information About Skin Cancer, from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention.com
– http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/index.htm
• “Sunbed Tanning” from Palm Beach Tan.com
– http://palmbeachtan.com/sunbed-tanning/
• “Sunwise” from Palm Beach Tan.com
– http://palmbeachtan.com/sunbed-tanning/how-to-get-the-perfect-color/#sunwise-info
• DuPont Tan Ad
– http://www.cracked.com/article_18772_13-wildly-irresponsible-vintage-ads-aimed-at-kids.html
• “New Sun Lamp Held in Hand Brands Babies”, from Modern Mechanix
– http://blog.modernmechanix.com/new-sun-lamp-held-in-hand-brands-babies/
• Suntan Tuesday Taylor Photographs
– http://phillycollector.blogspot.com/2010/03/bewitched-and-bewildered-by-boxes-part.html
• “Sunshine in a Tube,” from Modern Mechanix
– http://blog.modernmechanix.com/sunshine-in-a-tube/
• “Healthful Sleep on an Ultra-Violet Ray Bed”, from Modern Mechanix
– http://blog.modernmechanix.com/healthful-sleep-on-ultra-violet-ray-bed/
89. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• “Tuesday Taylor and Taylor Jones, more fashionable girls from Ideal!”,
CrissyandBeth.com
– http://crissyandbeth.com/Tuesday.html
• “The History of Tanning”, Paradis Island Tan
– http://www.paradisislandtan.com/history.html
• “History”, Oracle Thinkquest Educational Foundation
– http://library.thinkquest.org/15215/Foe/Tanning/history.html
• “The History of the Suntan”, Suntan.com
– http://www.suntan.com/?factshistory
• “History of Tanning Beds”, Sunco Tanning
– http://www.sunotanning.com/wolff tanning beds.htm
90. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• “Indoor Tanners Rationalize Risky Behavior”, U.S. News
– http://health.usnews.com/health-news/news/articles/2012/06/20/indoor-tanners-rationalize-risky-behavior-study-finds
• “Use of Indoor Tanning Devices by Adults – United States, 2010”, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention
– http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6118a2.htm
• “What Does Melanoma Look Like?”, Melanoma.com
– http://www.melanoma.com/what_does.html
• “Tanning Hazards Information Sheet”, New York Department of Health
– http://www.health.ny.gov/environmental/indoors/tanning/fact_sheet.htm
• “Skin Cancer Facts”, Skin Cancer Foundation
– (http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts#indoor)
• “The Positive Side of Tanning”, Vitamin D Tanning.com
– http://vitamindtanning.com/vitamin_d__the_positive_side_of_tanning
• “Burn Injuries Common among College Students Who Tan”, Health Made Easy.com
– http://www.healthmadeeasy.com/health-news/burn-injuries-common-among-college-students-who-use-tanning-beds/
• “Basic Information About Skin Cancer”, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
– (http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/skin/basic_info/indoor_tanning.html)
• “Skin Cancer Myths vs. Facts”, Skin Cancer Foundation
– (http://www.skincancer.org/skin-cancer-information/skin-cancer-facts/myths-vs-facts)
• “Sunbed Tanning”, Palm Beach Tan
– http://palmbeachtan.com/sunbed-tanning/
• “How to Get the Perfect Tan”, Palm Beach Tan
– (http://www.palmbeachtan.com/sunbed-tanning/how-to-get-the-perfect-color/#sunwise-info)
91. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• “FAQs”, Indoor Tanning Association
– http://www.theita.com/?page=FAQs#responsible
• “N.J. Tanning Mom: ‘I love to tan,’ but didn’t burn my daughter in a salon bed”, NJ.com
– http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/05/nj_tanning_mom_i_love_to_tan_b.html
• “N.J. Tanning Mom Reportedly Banned from Tanning Salons”, ABC News
– http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2012/05/n-j-tanning-mom-reportedly-banned-from-salons/
• “College Tanning Bed Addicts: Why?”, CBS News.com
– http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-505145_162-37241947/college-tanning-bed-addicts-why/
• “Young People May Not Perceive Tanning as a Particular Danger”, Dermatology Associates of
Plymouth Meetings, P.C. (from the Archives of Dermatology)
– http://plymouthmeetingdermatology.com/young-people-may-not-perceive-tanning-beds-as-a-particular-danger/
• “Reasons for Tanning Bed Use: a survey of community colleges in North Carolina”,
PubMed.gov
– http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22860315
