1. Chapter one
A View of
Life
Bristlecone Pine
World's oldest living trees (4,600 years old) which reside in
the Inyo National Forest in the California White Mountains.
3. Many Branches…..
• Botony = study of plants
• Zoology = study of animals
• Ecology = study of organisms interactions
with environment & each other
• Biochemistry = study of chemical reactions in
living things
• Anatomy = study of body structure
• Physiology = study of body function
15. Organism
• A single living individual
Largest organism may be a fungus
Armillaria ostoyae (honey mushroom)
Malheur National Forest
(E. Oregon)
started from a single spore approx 2,400 years
kills trees as it grows
.5 miles across
extends avg 3 ft into the ground.
covers an area as big as 1,665 football fields
No one has estimated its weight
23. C. “AUTOTROPHS”
Some “produce” their own food
Photosynthesis = Solar energy + CO2 food
Materials = Food
“Auto” = self, same
“Troph” = nurture, feed
25. Energy required for
HOMEOSTASIS =
maintenance of internal conditions
within certain limitations
ex:
human blood pH = 7.35-7.45
human body temperature
27. • To stimuli (temp or light)
• Results = movement, behavior & learning
• Helps organisms to survive
3rd Characteristic of “Life” = Response
28. Single Celled
organisms
simply
split in two…
“Binary Fission”
4th Characteristic of “Life”=
Reproduction & Development =
ability to make another organism like itself
34. All Living things are Diverse (different)
basic organizational unit = cell
common genetic blueprint = DNA
common environment
= Earth
But… Unified
35. Other levels of Biological Organization..
• Individual…..
• Population: “individuals” of same species
in an area
• Community: all populations in an area.
• Ecosystem: living community along with
nonliving
• Biosphere: anywhere living things exist.
37. Biotic = all the living things
organisms, vegetation
microscopic life, etc
Abiotic = all the non living
water, sunlight, air, minerals,
38. Ecosystems perform
a vital function
1. Energy flows through ecosystems
(lost as heat)
2. Nutrients cycle within an ecosystem
(recycled)
39.
40. Living Things are Classified
Classification =
grouping things based on some similarities
Taxonomy = branch of Biology
identifying and classifying living organisms
according to certain rules.
Taxo = “put in order” nomy = “law or rule”
42. 8 Levels of Classification
• Domain - most “inclusive”
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species – most “exclusive”
43. Domains - 3
1. Archaea – unicellular (bacteria)
survive in harsh environments
DO NOT have membrane bound nucleus
(Prokaryotic)
2. Bacteria (or Eubacteria) – unicellular (“true bacteria”)
most bacteria
DO NOT have membrane bound nucleus
(ProKaryotic)
3. Eukarya – unicellular/multicellular
have a membrane – bound nucleus
(Eukaryotic)
44. Cells – 2 types
1. With nucleus = eukaryotic 2. Without nucleus = prokaryotic
Nucleus = membrane bound compartment of cell containing genetic material
“Karyose” = greek “kernal” refers to nucleus of cell
“Pro” = “before” (Prokaryotic = before a nucleus)
“Eu” = “true” or “good” (Eukaryotic = prossessing a true nucleus)
52. Rules - Binomial Nomenclature
1. 2 part name:
– 1st
word = genus
– 2nd
word = species
2. 1st
letter 1st
word uppercase
3. 1st
letter 2nd
word lower case
4. Both words underlined or italicized
5. latinized
53. Nature of science =
understand the
natural world
through
observations & testing
54. Basis of Science ……
1. Is objective
2. Events can be explained by natural causes
3. Material universe –
observable & can be collaborated
4. no moral or ethical decisions
5. Not mythical, philosophical or theological
56. What is the Scientific Method?
Step by Step approach for gathering info:
1. Identify Problem or Question
2. Form a Hypothesis (educated guess)
3. Experimentation and Observation
(test the hypothesis/results in “data”)
4. Conclusion (is hypothesis supported or not?)
57. In Experimentation – always 2 Variables:
1. Independent – what is manipulated by the scientist
(experimental variable)
2. Dependent – result or change due to the independent
variable (responding variable)
Also very important…
Control Group: subject that does not experience the
“Independent Variable”
60. Unifying Theories of Biology
• Cell Theory: all organisms are made of cells
• Homeostasis: internal environment stays with range
• Evolution: living organisms share a common ancestor & adapt
• Gene: organisms contain coded info that determines their
form, function, and to some degree, behavior
• Ecosystem: organisms are members of populations, interacting
with each other & physical environment
