2. What do you think?
Add to your notes: Egypt
both invaded other lands
and was invaded. What
conditions, if any, might
justify an invasion on
another country? (3-4
sentences)
3. Main Idea:
2 Empires along the Nile, Egypt and Nubia, forged
commercial, cultural, and political connections
THEMES: Invaders, cultures collide, what a leader
focuses on
Why it matters now?
Neighboring civilizations participate in cultural
exchange as well as conflict
4. Setting the Stage
Egypt grew (during Middle
Kingdom) by trade with
Mesopotamia and the Indus
Valley
600 miles south a new
civilization was emerging-region
of Nubia
5. New Kingdom of Egypt
After Middle Kingdom success,
succession of weak pharaohs
weaken Egypt
Invaders, Hyksos invaded and ruled
Egypt
Loss in confidence of geographical
protection
Finally a series of warlike pharaohs
and queens strengthened Egypt and
kicked the Hyksos out= NEW
KINGDOM BEGUN
6. Empire Builders
New weapons: bronze
weapons, 2-wheeled
chariots
Red & White Crown=
symbols of royalty
Blue Crown= war crown,
battle helmet
7. Hatshepsut
Declared herself
pharaoh
Took over because her
stepson was too young
to take the throne
She encouraged trade
rather than war
8. What do you think?
Add to your notes:
Why would a ruler
encourage trade
rather than making
war?
9. Thutmose III
Hatshepsut’s stepson
More warlike, may have even killed
his stepmom in eagerness to get
the throne
Conquered areas of Nubia,
returning with gold, cattle, ivory,
and many enslaved captives
Egypt has never been as strong as it
was during the New Kingdom
10. Hittites
When Egyptians conquered parts
of Syria and Palestine they ran
into conflict with the Hittites who
had also expanded into that area
Many battles
Battle of Kadesh: major battle
between Hittites and Egyptians
(Ramses II), ended with a treaty
that formed an alliance that lasted
for the rest of the century
11. Age of Builders
Huge builders in order to
secure their state in the
afterlife
Valley of Kings
Pharaoh means “great
house”
Ramses II: one of the
greatest builders, lived to
age 99 and had 150
children
After Ramses death, a
series of invasions
12. Invasions by Land & Sea
Both the Egyptians and Hittites
were attacked by “the people of
the sea”
May have been the Philistines
from the Bible
From the east came the
Palestinians
From the west came the
Libyans
13. Kushites
Egypt dominated Nubia and the
Nubian kingdom of Kush
As Egypt fell in power, Kush
emerged and established its
own Kushite dynasty
14. People of Nubia
The Nile River provided the best north-south
trade route
Kush linked Egypt and the
Mediterranean world and southern
Africa
Kerma= first Nubian kingdom
Kerma’s kings were buried in
chambers larger than those in any
Egyptian pyramid
Kerma prospered during Egypt’s
Hyksos period
15. Interaction of Egypt &
Nubia
For a long period, Egypt ruled
Kush
Kush capital became the center for
the spread of Egyptian culture to
Kush’s other African trading
partners
Kush leaders adopted Egyptian
languages, gods, customs,
clothing, rituals, writing,
architecture…
When Egypt decline, Kushites saw
themselves as the guardians of
16. Piankhi Captures
Egyptian Throne
Piankhi= Kushite king,
overthrew the Libyan dynasty
that ruled Egypt and united
the entire Nile Valley, set up
new dynasty and “restored”
Egypt’s glory
Assyrians came and
conquered Kushites and they
were forced south up the Nile
Despite their loss of Egypt
they experienced a golden
age
17. Meroe
Kushite royal family moved
south to Meroe
Meroe enjoyed rainfall, iron
ore, and manufactured iron
weapons and tools
Trade along the Red Sea to
Arabia and India
Declined to the rise of the
Aksum Kingdom, while
Egypt was ruled by the
Assyrians
